Electrical properties of nano-silver/polyacrylamide/ethylene vinyl acetate composite

Nano-Ag particles/polyacrylamide （PAM） composites were synthesized by γ irradiation method and then blended with ethylene vinyl acetate （EVA）. Dielectric behaviors of the Ag/PAM/EVA composites are investigated as a function of both the concentration and size of Ag particles. When concentration of the Ag fillers is rarely low, dielectric anomalies were first observed in contrast to the traditional percolation theory. As concentration of Ag increases, volume resistivity and breakdown field strength are enhanced, loss tangent （tan δ） reduced and dielectric constant kept invariable. In addition, the above variation became larger when the diameter of the Ag nano-particles is smaller. Such dielectric anomalies may be understood by considering the unique ＂Coulomb Blockade Effect＂ of the nano-sized Ag particles.

Preparation of UV-curable Nano-silver Antimicrobial Agent and Its Application in Non-woven Fabric

Nano-silver and waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composite emulsion was synthesized.The average diameter of silver nanoparticles(SNPs)was about 20 nm,and the average diameter of WPU was 101.32 nm.The anti-bacteria finishing of a polypropylene non-woven fabric(NWF)was carried out by ultraviolet finishing technology and the double dipping twin-roll method.The standard AATCC100 was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the samples.The results showed that the antimicrobial rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were above 90%,which indicated that the NWF finishing had good antimicrobial activity.In addition,the thermal stability,mechanical properties,whiteness and contact angle of antimicrobial finishing nonwovens were characterized.The results showed that the performance of antimicrobial nonwovens was stable at 300℃.The breaking strength was better than that of untreated nonwovens,and the contact angle reached 119.1°.

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes （CNTs） at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）. The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.

Nano-silver-modified polyphosphazene nanoparticles with different morphologies:Design,synthesis,and evaluation of antibacterial activity

Drug-resistant bacteria present a severe threat to public health,emphasizing the importance of developing broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that are free from drug resistance.Among silver-based antibacterial agents,nano-silver has been found to exhibit the most promising and comprehensive performance.The exploration of the antibacterial capacity and morphological changes of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)could offer a starting point for the development of safe and efficient antibacterial agents.In this study,three types of nano-silver-modified polyphosphazene(PRV)nanoparticles with different morphologies were synthesized using precipitation polymerization.These nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques,including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration(MiC)/minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)tests and inverted fluorescence microscopy.Our results revealed that the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles can vary significantly depending on their immobilized form.Ag@PRV Strawberry-like nanoparticles(NPs)exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to Ag@PRV Yolk-Shell NPs and Ag@PRV Cable-like nanofibers(NFs).Notably,all three types of synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated a stronger bactericidal effect on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria.Live/dead bacterial staining and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that silver can kill bacteria by altering the permeability of their cell membranes.These findings offer valuable insights for designing and practically applying new silver-based antibacterial agents in the future.

Rational design and evaluation of UV curable nano-silver ink applied in highly conductive textile-based electrodes and flexible silver-zinc batteries

The possibility of printing conductive ink on textiles is progressively researched due to its potential benefits in manufacturing functional wearable electronics and improving wearing comfort.However,few studies have reported the effect of conductive ink formulation on electrodes directly screen-printed on flexible substrates,especially printing UV curable conductive ink on common textiles.In this work,a novel UV curable nano-silver ink with short-time curing and low temperature features was developed to manufacture the fully flexible and washable textile-based electrodes by screen printing.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ink formulation on UV-curing speed,degree of conversion,morphology and electrical properties of printed electrodes.Besides,the application demonstration was highlighted.The curing speed and adhesion of ink was found depending dominantly on the type of prepolymer and the functionality of monomer,and the type of photoinitiator had a decisive effect on the curing speed,degree of double bond conversion and morphology of printed patterns.The nano-silver content is key to guarantee the suitable screen-printability of conductive ink and therefore the uniformity and high conductivity of textile-based electrodes.Optimally,an ink formulation with 60 wt%nano-silver meets the potential application requirements.The electrode with 1.0 mm width showed significantly high electrical conductivity of 2.47×10^(6)S/m,outstanding mechanical durability and satisfactory washability.The high-performance of electrodes screen-printed on different fabrics proved the feasibility and utility of UV curable nano-silver ink.In addition,the application potential of the conductive ink in fabricating electronic textiles(e-textiles)was confirmed by using the textile-based electrodes as the cathodes of silverzinc batteries.We anticipate the developed UV curable conductive ink for screen-printing on textiles can provide a novel design opportunity for flexible and wearable e-textile applications.

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的牛肝菌主成分分析及快速鉴定

2021年《中国疾病预防控制中心周报》指出蘑菇中毒是我国最严重的食品安全问题之一,2021年发生蘑菇中毒事件327次,涉及923例患者,其中20例死亡,总死亡率为2.17%,事件中共鉴定出毒蘑菇74种。牛肝菌由于味道鲜美,是人们最喜爱的菌类之一。由于烹调不当或是混入有毒牛肝菌,就会发生牛肝菌中毒事件。如何快速得出牛肝菌的主成分并进行鉴定,成为了一个迫切需要解决的问题。该研究从楚雄市鸿福农贸市场上购买的10个新鲜牛肝菌样品,使用菌盖进行徒手切片,用微波法制备的纳米银溶胶制成银胶装片,置于DXR显微拉曼光谱仪的10倍物镜下,获得10个样品的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。通过对SERS的分析发现10个样品中,样品7、8、10主成分相同,样品6、9主成分相同,其余样品主成分各不相同。以样品1为例,主成分有L-苯基丙氨酸(1583 cm^(-1)环内C—C伸缩振动、1199 cm^(-1)NH 2摇摆振动)、L-组氨酸(1572 cm^(-1)C C伸缩振动、COO-不对称伸缩、1229 cm^(-1)面内环变形振动)、异亮氨酸(1342 cm^(-1)C—H、N—H变形振动、486 cm^(-1)COOH摇摆振动、353 cm^(-1)骨架振动)、L-天冬氨酸(1136 cm^(-1)C—N伸缩振动)、甘氨酸(1386 cm^(-1)COO-变形振动、889 cm^(-1)C—C伸缩振动)、蛋氨酸(681 cm^(-1)C—S反对称伸缩振动)、吡喃糖化幌物(973 cm^(-1)对称环振动)。采用光谱软件OMNIC Specta的建库功能随机挑选10个样品的一条谱线进库,建库后可快速进行光谱匹配度的检索,通过匹配度的高低鉴定待测样品。在10个样品中,除2、10号样品的匹配度小于60%外,其余样品的匹配度都大于60%。样品7、8的匹配度接近且有交叉,说明样品7、8是同一品种,而样品6、9的匹配度接近而交叉项少,说明这两个样品是同一品种或相近品种。DNA检测结果表明样品7、8、10同为白牛肝菌,而样品6、9同为薄瓤假美柄牛肝菌。该实验为牛肝菌的主要成分检测和快速鉴定提供了一种简单可靠的方法。同时,该方法对野生蘑菇的物种鉴定具有很大的应用潜力,在野生菌中毒病例中,迅速确定毒蘑菇种类,从而为抢救病人赢得时间具有重要的意义。为此首次对野生蘑菇子实体进行SERS研究。

银纳米线导电纺织品制备及应用研究进展

银纳米线具有优异的长径比、导电、透光、柔性、抗菌等特性,是制备导电纺织品最有前途的纳米材料之一。介绍银纳米线导电纺织品的常用制备方法,即共混纺丝法、后整理法,综述银纳米线导电纺织品在空气过滤、饮用水过滤、电磁屏蔽、个人热管理、柔性压力传感器等领域的应用进展。最后对银纳米线导电纺织品的未来发展趋势进行展望,为下一代智能纺织品的研发提供思路。

非水溶液体系中晶种法制备球形银纳米颗粒

以丙三醇作溶剂,硝酸银为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备了银纳米晶种;以此银纳米粒子作为初级晶种,以丙三醇作溶剂和还原剂,通过升温提高丙三醇的还原性制备银纳米颗粒。研究分散剂种类、生长液银浓度、晶种加入量对银粉的影响,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备产物的结构、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明,通过改变条件可以制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的70nm左右的球形银粉。

SiC芯片封装纳米银烧结层的热机械分析及疲劳寿命预测

纳米银的热膨胀系数与模块中其他组件存在较大差异,导致在严苛环境下工作时发生热疲劳失效。因此,预测纳米银烧结层的热疲劳寿命成为关键问题。以SiC功率模块为对象,利用有限元仿真和修正的Coffin-Manson寿命预测模型,分析了纳米银烧结层在热循环载荷下的最大等效应力和疲劳寿命。进一步通过响应面法分析,以疲劳寿命为优化目标,选取了SiC芯片和纳米银烧结层最佳参数组合,并探究铜基板镀镍对疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果显示:在累积的热循环下,纳米银烧结层边角处的等效应力最大,最容易发生热疲劳失效。通过优化设计,当SiC芯片厚度取0.15 mm,纳米银烧结层厚度取0.1 mm时,最大等效应力降低了1.36%,疲劳寿命增加了1.57倍。此外,铜基板上的镍层与纳米银烧结层具有相适应的材料属性,能够降低纳米银烧结层的等效应力,并增加其疲劳寿命。

羧甲基壳聚糖/纳米银抗菌剂的制备及缓释性能研究

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)、银氨溶液为主要原料,采用微波辐射法合成具有缓释抗菌作用的羧甲基壳聚糖/纳米银(CMCS-Ag)抗菌剂。研究反应时间与温度对CMCS-Ag抗菌剂中纳米银生成量的影响,以较优条件制备抗菌剂并通过紫外-可见光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜及红外光谱对抗菌剂进行结构表征,与商用纳米银进行对比测试,对CMCS-Ag抗菌剂的抗菌性能与Ag^(+)缓释性能进行评价。结果表明:羧甲基壳聚糖与银氨溶液比例为100mg∶0.4mmol时,在70℃、40min条件下制备出CMCS-Ag抗菌剂的纳米银含量最高,纳米银浓度为(1250±2.8)mg/L;CMCS-Ag抗菌剂中纳米银晶型良好且粒径较小,平均粒径为(26±0.12)nm,能够均匀地负载于CMCS网状结构中;CMCS-Ag抗菌剂对大肠杆菌最小抑菌浓度为7.81mg/L、对金黄色葡萄球菌为15.63mg/L,抗菌效果优于商用纳米银;CMCS-Ag抗菌剂240h累计Ag^(+)释放浓度为(26±0.5)μg/L,Ag^(+)释放总量低于商用纳米银,Ag^(+)缓释性能优于商用纳米银。

紫锥菊多酚-纳米银复合物的绿色制备及表征

紫锥菊多酚(Echinacea polyphenol)为菊科植物紫锥菊的茎叶、根提取物,主要作为免疫调节剂及免疫刺激素,具有抗病毒、抗真菌、抗肿瘤及杀虫、消炎的药理作用。试验通过单因素试验优化紫锥菊多酚-纳米银复合物的制备工艺,最终得到合成过程中的最佳体积比为3∶7,硝酸银浓度为0.02 mol/L,反应时间为120 min和反应温度为100℃,并对最佳合成工艺制得的纳米银复合物进行了表征考察。结果表明,紫锥菊多酚-纳米银复合物呈现不规则的球形,大部分纳米银直径位于100 nm以下,分布系数小,粒径分布均匀;电位为-8.05 mV,纳米银复合物比较稳定;体外释放率试验表明,紫锥菊多酚-纳米银复合物有良好的缓释性能。稳定性试验表明,在4℃条件下,纳米银复合物稳定性较好。说明通过绿色合成法制备的紫锥菊多酚-纳米银复合物,有利于减少投药量,提高药物疗效,为紫锥菊多酚在临床兽医上的使用提供了新的方法。

纳米银/有机硅密封胶的制备及性能研究

本文采用水热合成法成功合成了纳米银颗粒,然后以聚二甲基硅氧烷为硅油基质,采用物理共混法制备了纳米银/有机硅密封胶。研究了纳米银/有机硅密封胶的微观形貌结构、耐热性能、力学性能以及抗菌性能。结果表明,在纳米银颗粒的质量分数为10%时,所制备的密封胶显示了出色的拉伸强度(4.22 MPa)和高达157.1%的断裂伸长率。同时,该密封胶还表现出卓越的抗菌性能,并且在室温下放置40 d后仍具有良好的抗菌效果,表现出优异的耐久性能。该工作为绿色、健康和清洁的密封应用提供了一种新的思路。

纳米银的制备及其负载化应用

纳米银是一种纳米级别的银粒子,具有微小的尺寸、大比表面积以及较强的化学反应活性和优异的抗菌性能,可以广泛应用于医疗、食品、环境等领域。纳米银粒子的制备方法包括化学还原法、气相沉积法、溶胶-凝胶法、电化学法、生物还原法、植物还原法等。综述了纳米银的制备方式以及负载化应用,生物法制备是一种绿色环保高效的方法,纳米银的形貌可控是下一步的研究重点。

高功率半导体用纳米银焊膏的研究现状

第3代半导体作为核心部件,使得更紧凑、高频率、高功率的电子器件在射频和微波电子、能源转换与储存、雷达和通信等领域展现出广泛的应用潜力。然而,高性能电子器件对其封装材料的导电性、导热性以及连接处的机械性能提出了更为严格的要求。纳米银焊膏因其卓越的低温烧结性能和在高温环境下的出色表现引起了广泛关注。然而,国内银粉和银焊膏产品的质量相对较低,且研发过程缺乏理论指导,必须依赖进口材料。基于高功率半导体用纳米银焊膏,综述了通过液相化学还原法合成纳米银粉的研究进展,以及纳米银焊膏的烧结机理、影响其性能的因素和控制方法,有望为国内纳米银焊膏的研发和生产提供有益的指导和支持。

多功能Ag/PAN珍珠纳米纤维膜的制备与研究

采用静电纺丝法和磁控溅射技术两步法制备了多功能银/聚丙烯腈(Ag/PAN)珍珠纳米纤维膜,探讨了不同溅射时间对Ag/PAN珍珠纳米纤维膜微观形貌、化学结构、表面润湿性能、导电性能和远红外发射性能的影响。结果表明:随着溅射时间的增加,银颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,当溅射时间为25 min时,纳米银薄膜表现出粗糙性和致密性;经过磁控溅射后,PAN珍珠纳米纤维膜由亲水性转变为疏水性,导电性能明显改善,溅射时间增加至25 min时,纤维膜的水接触角和电阻率分别为142.85°和0.039Ω·cm;Ag/PAN珍珠纳米纤维膜不仅具有远红外发射性能,而且在纳米银薄膜的作用下还能避免辐射热量的散失,达到蓄热保温的功能。

纳米银无压封装互连技术

纳米银无压烧结技术作为一种新型封装互连技术,凭借烧结银层的优异性能,逐步在第三代半导体器件的封装互连领域应用和推广。目前,无压烧结银技术只适用于芯片级别小面积互连领域,在基板级别大面积互连领域存在若干瓶颈,有待深入研究。文章详细介绍了现有的小面积无压烧结纳米银互连工艺以及可靠性,在此基础上,针对大面积无压烧结银工艺所面临的瓶颈,引入一种双层印刷焊膏(双印法)的低温无压烧结工艺。采用超声扫描成像技术对烧结质量进行表征,获得双印法中使用的两层银焊膏的成分优化配比并对其烧结机理进行分析,为纳米银基板级大面积无压烧结互连提供一种可行方案。最后,展望了基板级别大面积无压烧结银工艺的发展趋势和应用前景。

基于ENEPIG镀层的无压纳米银膏烧结失效分析

总结了在化学镍钯浸金(ENEPIG)镀层上采用纳米银膏进行无压烧结时出现的失效模式。通过分析烧结镀层的微观形貌及力学性能,确认界面污染、烧结不充分及镀层缺陷是导致烧结失效的主要原因。应特别关注镍原子向镀层表面扩散导致的烧结失效风险。为保证烧结质量的稳定性和可靠性,需要充分重视界面的洁净度,对芯片、基板的存储条件和存储寿命实施严格管控,还需要优化烧结曲线,充分考虑溶剂释出所需时间、烧结峰值温度及其停留时间、降温速率等因素。研究结果为纳米银膏的无压烧结研究提供了新的理论参考。

银基填料可拉伸导电复合材料制备的研究进展

综述了银系填料及聚合物基体在可拉伸导体制备中的研究进展,重点关注了银纳米球、银纳米线及银纳米片在可拉伸导体制备中的应用及其性能评价,主要介绍了水凝胶、化学交联弹性体和物理交联弹性体在可拉伸导体应用方面的优势及限制,最后对银基可拉伸导体未来的发展进行了展望。

石榴皮纳米银的制备及其对有机染料的催化降解

以硝酸银为前驱体,石榴皮提取液为还原剂和稳定剂,生物法制备纳米银颗粒AgNPs,探讨了提取液pH、石榴皮提取液质量浓度、硝酸银浓度、反应时间和反应温度对AgNPs性能的影响。采用紫外可见吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜等测试手段对AgNPs结构及性能进行表征。并以AgNPs为催化剂,NaBH(Ac)3为还原剂,酸性橙7、酸性红13、直接黄44和直接蓝15为有机染料目标降解产物,探究了AgNPs催化性能。结果表明:Ag-NPs颗粒近似为球形,晶型为面心立方晶体,平均粒径为(14.7±0.37)nm,特征吸收峰在420 nm附近。NaBH(Ac)3中添加AgNPs后,15 min内对酸性橙7、酸性红13、直接黄44和直接蓝15的降解率分别达到了94.34%、93.54%、97.7%和90.15%;并推测了AgNPs催化降解染料的机理。

纳米银导电油墨及其在柔性印刷电子中的应用

目的探究纳米银导电油墨及其在柔性印刷电子中的应用。方法通过总结国内外文献,从纳米银颗粒及其导电油墨的制备、印刷工艺、烧结工艺以及在柔性印刷电子技术中的应用几方面总结近年来的研究进展。结果在油墨制备及使用中,简化制备工艺、降低生产成本、实现绿色环保、低温烧结,同时提高油墨的基材适应性是未来纳米银导电油墨的改进重点。直写技术具有精度高、速度快等优势,正逐渐替代丝网印刷技术成为主流。烧结工艺的研究重点在于实现低温烧结,其中化学烧结工艺简单,但提高导电性是研究重点。其他烧结方式则设备昂贵,环境要求高。结论作为功能性电子材料,纳米银导电油墨因出色的电性能和印刷适性,正在被广泛应用于柔性印刷电子中。近年来通过对纳米银及其导电油墨的深入研究及技术改进,在纳米银颗粒的制备、低温烧结技术、节能环保加工工艺等方面获得了一定的进展。与此同时,将其作为功能材料应用于制备柔性传感器中,RFID标签天线、柔性电极、超级电容器、太阳能电池等正受到广泛研究与应用。