On June 282022 Sweden and Finland were invited to join NATO.During a symbolic ceremony at the NATO Madrid Summit,all the central actors gathered in front of the cameras,as if to replicate a“family photo”in mini form...On June 282022 Sweden and Finland were invited to join NATO.During a symbolic ceremony at the NATO Madrid Summit,all the central actors gathered in front of the cameras,as if to replicate a“family photo”in mini format:representatives from Sweden,Finland,and Turkey,as well as Secretary General Stoltenberg.The atmosphere was mixed:tense because of the dramatic backdrop of the Summit,relief because of the speedy process that had taken the process further.It was finally happening:Sweden and Finland would join the Atlantic Pact.But how did they get there?Over a few hectic months,two countries strongly associated with neutrality had moved their policies from emphasizing continuity to altering the very foundations of their security.Not only NATO critics were taken by surprise.Many NATO supporters were astonished by the rapid pace and the turnaround of the Swedish Social Democratic party.The relatively quick turnaround in Stockholm also meant that questions about the future and the consequences of NATO membership were postponed,not least because the Swedish election campaign put a lid on debate about strategic consequences:what journey awaits in the future and what strategic consequences does a future NATO membership have?This article discusses these questions in the belief that the temporal perspectives are connected:Sweden’s historical collaboration with NATO had significance for the country’s partner relationship,and in turn this influenced how Sweden became a member and what challenges the country faces together with its allies on a new northern flank in Europe.展开更多
In June 2022,President of the Republic of Korea(ROK)Yoon Suk-yeol,only one month into his office,attended the summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)in Madrid,the first time for the country’s head of s...In June 2022,President of the Republic of Korea(ROK)Yoon Suk-yeol,only one month into his office,attended the summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)in Madrid,the first time for the country’s head of state,and announced the establishment of a permanent mission to NATO on the occasion.展开更多
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has significantly altered the pattern of alliances and geopolitical balances on the European continent to such an extent that countries like Finland and Sweden that have traditionally rem...Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has significantly altered the pattern of alliances and geopolitical balances on the European continent to such an extent that countries like Finland and Sweden that have traditionally remained neutral are now applying to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO).These two countries fear that Russia,which is currently trying to reposition itself,could try in the near future to invade these two Nordic countries to prevent the West(European Union,United Kingdom,and United States)from increasing its military presence and its military force in the Scandinavian peninsula and in the Baltic Sea.The enlargement that the European Union(EU)has carried out since the 1990s,and that has also meant the expansion of NATO,has been viewed with great concern by the government of Vladimir Putin,who considers that the United States and the European Union did not fulfill their commitment to former Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev to respect the sphere of influence of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR).Within the framework of this geopolitical confrontation,Helsinki and Stockholm do not want to run the risk of being invaded by the Russian army,which is why they seek to take advantage of the principle of collective security that NATO membership would grant them.展开更多
With a strong push from the second Clinton Administration,NATO’s en-largement eastward is now in full steam.The momentum for this rush pickedup on the eve of the US general election in 1996.In his presidential campai...With a strong push from the second Clinton Administration,NATO’s en-largement eastward is now in full steam.The momentum for this rush pickedup on the eve of the US general election in 1996.In his presidential campaigning,Bill Clinton announced a timetable for NATO extension with 1997 as the year forthe admission of the first batch of new members.The tempo has further sped upsince the March 20-21 1997 US-Russia Helsinki Summit.展开更多
On the coming July 8-9,NATO’s 16 member states will hold a summit meetingin Madrid,Spain,to discuss and confirm the membership applications of someof the former Warsaw Pact countries.A decision will also be made to a...On the coming July 8-9,NATO’s 16 member states will hold a summit meetingin Madrid,Spain,to discuss and confirm the membership applications of someof the former Warsaw Pact countries.A decision will also be made to adopt themas the formal NATO members in 1999,the 50th anniversary of that organization.In the past few years,Europe,the United States and Russia have been in bitterand intricate debates over this issue.There will now be some results finally.Though the United States and Russia are the two major players in this battle,Eu-rope also plays a significant role.In this article,the author intends to make someanalyses on the European views Oil this matter.展开更多
After six rounds of tough bargaining,Russia and the North Atlantic Treaty Or-ganization reached on May 14 an agreement,officially known as a“FoundingAct on Mutual Relations.Co-operation and Scurity between NATO and t...After six rounds of tough bargaining,Russia and the North Atlantic Treaty Or-ganization reached on May 14 an agreement,officially known as a“FoundingAct on Mutual Relations.Co-operation and Scurity between NATO and the RUS-sian Federation".The document was formally signed by Russian President BorisYeltsin on May 27 in Paris together with the leaders of the 16 NATO memberstates.The event signifies a temporary compromise between the two sides over theNATO’s eastward expansion.Soon after the accord was reached,President BillClinton applauded it as having cleared the way for NATO’S enlargement and Presi-展开更多
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) has made two major strate-gic readjustments in the post-Cold War years to shake off the awkward posi-tion when its raison d’etre was called into doubt. At the 1991 Rome Su...The North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) has made two major strate-gic readjustments in the post-Cold War years to shake off the awkward posi-tion when its raison d’etre was called into doubt. At the 1991 Rome Summit, an"All-dimensional defense strategy" was put forth with conflict prevention andcrisis management as its core mission. Preparations for the second strategic read-justment began in 1997 and the concept of a 21st century-oriented new strategywas declared at the Washington Summit last April.展开更多
On March 24, 1999, depending on its advanced technology and weapons, theS-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) circumvented the Unit-ed Nations and brazenly used military forces against the Republic of Yugosla...On March 24, 1999, depending on its advanced technology and weapons, theS-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) circumvented the Unit-ed Nations and brazenly used military forces against the Republic of Yugoslavia.The continuous bombing for more than two months has brought unprecedentedcatastrophe to Yugoslavia which used to be called the Garden of Eden. On May8, NATO with the US as leader again violated the UN Charter, internationallaws and the Vienna Diplomatic Convention and flagrantly bombed the展开更多
In recent years as the strategic focus of the U.S.pivots,the focus of NATO’s action on crisis management have been gradually shifted to superpower games.Its geopolitical priorities have also pivoted to the Asia...In recent years as the strategic focus of the U.S.pivots,the focus of NATO’s action on crisis management have been gradually shifted to superpower games.Its geopolitical priorities have also pivoted to the Asia-Pacific region.Comprehensive crisis management gives way to the enhancement of military containment capacity.However,NATO’s security threats happen to come from its interior,since the values it advocates including the so-called human rights,democracy and the rule of law are being undermined from within.Under the hegemonic logic,the U.S.cannot bring peace or security through either active interventionism that was once executed by force or building exclusive alliances today by tying its allies to its chariot.展开更多
文摘On June 282022 Sweden and Finland were invited to join NATO.During a symbolic ceremony at the NATO Madrid Summit,all the central actors gathered in front of the cameras,as if to replicate a“family photo”in mini format:representatives from Sweden,Finland,and Turkey,as well as Secretary General Stoltenberg.The atmosphere was mixed:tense because of the dramatic backdrop of the Summit,relief because of the speedy process that had taken the process further.It was finally happening:Sweden and Finland would join the Atlantic Pact.But how did they get there?Over a few hectic months,two countries strongly associated with neutrality had moved their policies from emphasizing continuity to altering the very foundations of their security.Not only NATO critics were taken by surprise.Many NATO supporters were astonished by the rapid pace and the turnaround of the Swedish Social Democratic party.The relatively quick turnaround in Stockholm also meant that questions about the future and the consequences of NATO membership were postponed,not least because the Swedish election campaign put a lid on debate about strategic consequences:what journey awaits in the future and what strategic consequences does a future NATO membership have?This article discusses these questions in the belief that the temporal perspectives are connected:Sweden’s historical collaboration with NATO had significance for the country’s partner relationship,and in turn this influenced how Sweden became a member and what challenges the country faces together with its allies on a new northern flank in Europe.
文摘In June 2022,President of the Republic of Korea(ROK)Yoon Suk-yeol,only one month into his office,attended the summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)in Madrid,the first time for the country’s head of state,and announced the establishment of a permanent mission to NATO on the occasion.
文摘Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has significantly altered the pattern of alliances and geopolitical balances on the European continent to such an extent that countries like Finland and Sweden that have traditionally remained neutral are now applying to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO).These two countries fear that Russia,which is currently trying to reposition itself,could try in the near future to invade these two Nordic countries to prevent the West(European Union,United Kingdom,and United States)from increasing its military presence and its military force in the Scandinavian peninsula and in the Baltic Sea.The enlargement that the European Union(EU)has carried out since the 1990s,and that has also meant the expansion of NATO,has been viewed with great concern by the government of Vladimir Putin,who considers that the United States and the European Union did not fulfill their commitment to former Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev to respect the sphere of influence of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR).Within the framework of this geopolitical confrontation,Helsinki and Stockholm do not want to run the risk of being invaded by the Russian army,which is why they seek to take advantage of the principle of collective security that NATO membership would grant them.
文摘With a strong push from the second Clinton Administration,NATO’s en-largement eastward is now in full steam.The momentum for this rush pickedup on the eve of the US general election in 1996.In his presidential campaigning,Bill Clinton announced a timetable for NATO extension with 1997 as the year forthe admission of the first batch of new members.The tempo has further sped upsince the March 20-21 1997 US-Russia Helsinki Summit.
文摘On the coming July 8-9,NATO’s 16 member states will hold a summit meetingin Madrid,Spain,to discuss and confirm the membership applications of someof the former Warsaw Pact countries.A decision will also be made to adopt themas the formal NATO members in 1999,the 50th anniversary of that organization.In the past few years,Europe,the United States and Russia have been in bitterand intricate debates over this issue.There will now be some results finally.Though the United States and Russia are the two major players in this battle,Eu-rope also plays a significant role.In this article,the author intends to make someanalyses on the European views Oil this matter.
文摘After six rounds of tough bargaining,Russia and the North Atlantic Treaty Or-ganization reached on May 14 an agreement,officially known as a“FoundingAct on Mutual Relations.Co-operation and Scurity between NATO and the RUS-sian Federation".The document was formally signed by Russian President BorisYeltsin on May 27 in Paris together with the leaders of the 16 NATO memberstates.The event signifies a temporary compromise between the two sides over theNATO’s eastward expansion.Soon after the accord was reached,President BillClinton applauded it as having cleared the way for NATO’S enlargement and Presi-
文摘The North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) has made two major strate-gic readjustments in the post-Cold War years to shake off the awkward posi-tion when its raison d’etre was called into doubt. At the 1991 Rome Summit, an"All-dimensional defense strategy" was put forth with conflict prevention andcrisis management as its core mission. Preparations for the second strategic read-justment began in 1997 and the concept of a 21st century-oriented new strategywas declared at the Washington Summit last April.
文摘On March 24, 1999, depending on its advanced technology and weapons, theS-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) circumvented the Unit-ed Nations and brazenly used military forces against the Republic of Yugoslavia.The continuous bombing for more than two months has brought unprecedentedcatastrophe to Yugoslavia which used to be called the Garden of Eden. On May8, NATO with the US as leader again violated the UN Charter, internationallaws and the Vienna Diplomatic Convention and flagrantly bombed the
文摘In recent years as the strategic focus of the U.S.pivots,the focus of NATO’s action on crisis management have been gradually shifted to superpower games.Its geopolitical priorities have also pivoted to the Asia-Pacific region.Comprehensive crisis management gives way to the enhancement of military containment capacity.However,NATO’s security threats happen to come from its interior,since the values it advocates including the so-called human rights,democracy and the rule of law are being undermined from within.Under the hegemonic logic,the U.S.cannot bring peace or security through either active interventionism that was once executed by force or building exclusive alliances today by tying its allies to its chariot.
