The Improvement and Utilization of Neo-Tuberosum Clones

Neo-tuberosum derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena is a very important genetic resource in potato breeding. In 1970′s, Neo-tuberosum clones were introduced into China and improving programs were started at that time. The improved clones of it were obtained through recurrent selection in different latitudes of China. According to obvious heterosis appeared in crossing with common potato varieties, Neo-tuberosum would be good parents for breeding and true potato seed (TPS) production. Dihaploid of Neo-tuberosum were obtained by parthenogenesis, and its male fertility was recovered by crossing with S. phureja as male parents. Using acceptable improved Neo-tuberosum clones as a parent, the tuber yield of TPS population was increased greatly.

马铃薯新型栽培种耐盐性鉴定与筛选

通过观察65份马铃薯新型栽培种材料和4个生产上常用的马铃薯品种的试管苗在含有不同NaHCO3浓度MS培养基上的生长状况,对其耐盐性进行初步鉴定,并对各平均株高和生物产量范围内不同耐盐性材料的分布情况进行分析。结果表明:在平均株高2￣5cm、生物产量0.5￣1.5g.瓶-1的范围内,耐盐性较好的材料分布最多且平均耐盐性最好,在这两个范围内筛选材料,效率要明显高于其它区域。经耐盐性鉴定,A4、B7等7份材料达到耐盐标准,C5、F5等25份材料达到中等耐盐标准。经最小显著差数法测验共筛选出B13、D5等15份耐盐性显著优于生产上常用品种的材料。

马铃薯新型栽培种在育种中的应用研究

我国自７０年代初开展新型栽培种筛选工作以来，已选育出１５０余份抗病、高产、综合经济性状好的亲本材料，这些有价值的种质资源极大地丰富了马铃薯的基因库．以普通栽培种（Ｓ．ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ）做母本、新型栽培种做父本是获得优良品种和高产实生薯群体的有效组合方式．新型栽培种与普通栽培种杂交后代不仅在产量上具有杂种优势，而且在品质上也较现有品种好，特别是在抗晚疫病和淀粉含量方面，显著或极显著高于现有品种．

马铃薯新型栽培种后代材料的改良鉴定

采用马铃薯新型栽培种,经初次轮回选择改良后,在四川省凉山州开展了选留其后代材料群体遗传多样性无性世代评价、鉴定、筛选,并继续进行轮回选择、半同胞轮回选择或直接采集F1分离世代植株的实生籽,继续培育评价筛选。结果表明,初步获得了9个具有不同抗病性、长势强劲或品质优的不同类型种质资源,克服了其原生境的短日性,且开花繁茂,性状稳定,其性状表现出与普通栽培种Mira、凉薯97有较多的相似性,为综合利用创造了良好的条件。