Generation of astrocytes within the murine developing cerebral cortex mainly takes place during the first postnatal week, after neuronogenesis and prior to the bulk of oligogenesis. This process involves a great varie...Generation of astrocytes within the murine developing cerebral cortex mainly takes place during the first postnatal week, after neuronogenesis and prior to the bulk of oligogenesis. This process involves a great variety of highly complex regulatory mechanisms. Astrocytic outputs depend on two primary factors： progressive commitment of multipotent precursors to astroglial fates and proper tuning of proliferation of astrocyte-committed progenitors. To date, several regulatory mechanisms have been identified for the former process, while very little is known about modulation of astroblast proliferation （reviewed in Mallamaci,展开更多
The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30...The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 150th day after transplantation, the sections cut through the middle area of graft-ost brain were examined by HE, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing with light microscope. Some of the sections were also examined with TEM. The result showed that most immature neurons within the graft can survive, grow, differentiate and mature, and are similar to the structure of the neocortical neurons of host brain. This study also provides patterns of integration of the interface between graft-host brain varying with the proliferation of reactive astrocyte as well as graft-host reciprocal connection of fibers.展开更多
The development of a cerebral organoid culture in vitro offers an opportunity to generate human brain-like organs to investigate mechanisms of human disease that are specific to the neurogenesis of radial glial （RG）...The development of a cerebral organoid culture in vitro offers an opportunity to generate human brain-like organs to investigate mechanisms of human disease that are specific to the neurogenesis of radial glial （RG） and outer radial glial （oRG） cells in the ventrJcular zone （VZ） and subventricular zone （SVZ） of the developing neocortex. Modeling neuronal progenitors and the organization that produces mature subcortical neuron subtypes during early stages of development is essential for studying human brain developmental diseases. Several previous efforts have shown to grow neural organoid in culture dishes successfully, however we demonstrate a new paradigm that recapitulates neocortical development process with VZ, OSVZ formation and the lamination organization of cortical layer structure. In addition, using patient.specific induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） with dysfunction of the Aspm gene from a primary microcephaly patient, we demonstrate neurogenesis defects result in defective neuronal activity in patient organoids, suggesting a new strategy to study human developmental diseases in central nerve system.展开更多
Late prenatal growth,early postnatal growth,and layering of the neocortical neurons(NC-Ns)play determining roles in the development of the cerebral cortex(CC).Here,we systematically explore the interactive role of neu...Late prenatal growth,early postnatal growth,and layering of the neocortical neurons(NC-Ns)play determining roles in the development of the cerebral cortex(CC).Here,we systematically explore the interactive role of neuronal surface receptors(NSRs)on cytoskeleton activation(CA)and the piconewton(pN)force generation(P-FG)and their influence on the proper development,growth,and functioning of neurons using a designed DNA nanomechanical device(DNA-NMD).展开更多
文摘Generation of astrocytes within the murine developing cerebral cortex mainly takes place during the first postnatal week, after neuronogenesis and prior to the bulk of oligogenesis. This process involves a great variety of highly complex regulatory mechanisms. Astrocytic outputs depend on two primary factors： progressive commitment of multipotent precursors to astroglial fates and proper tuning of proliferation of astrocyte-committed progenitors. To date, several regulatory mechanisms have been identified for the former process, while very little is known about modulation of astroblast proliferation （reviewed in Mallamaci,
文摘The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 150th day after transplantation, the sections cut through the middle area of graft-ost brain were examined by HE, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing with light microscope. Some of the sections were also examined with TEM. The result showed that most immature neurons within the graft can survive, grow, differentiate and mature, and are similar to the structure of the neocortical neurons of host brain. This study also provides patterns of integration of the interface between graft-host brain varying with the proliferation of reactive astrocyte as well as graft-host reciprocal connection of fibers.
文摘The development of a cerebral organoid culture in vitro offers an opportunity to generate human brain-like organs to investigate mechanisms of human disease that are specific to the neurogenesis of radial glial （RG） and outer radial glial （oRG） cells in the ventrJcular zone （VZ） and subventricular zone （SVZ） of the developing neocortex. Modeling neuronal progenitors and the organization that produces mature subcortical neuron subtypes during early stages of development is essential for studying human brain developmental diseases. Several previous efforts have shown to grow neural organoid in culture dishes successfully, however we demonstrate a new paradigm that recapitulates neocortical development process with VZ, OSVZ formation and the lamination organization of cortical layer structure. In addition, using patient.specific induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） with dysfunction of the Aspm gene from a primary microcephaly patient, we demonstrate neurogenesis defects result in defective neuronal activity in patient organoids, suggesting a new strategy to study human developmental diseases in central nerve system.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2017YFA0700500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21635004)the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University(no.ZYJH004).
文摘Late prenatal growth,early postnatal growth,and layering of the neocortical neurons(NC-Ns)play determining roles in the development of the cerebral cortex(CC).Here,we systematically explore the interactive role of neuronal surface receptors(NSRs)on cytoskeleton activation(CA)and the piconewton(pN)force generation(P-FG)and their influence on the proper development,growth,and functioning of neurons using a designed DNA nanomechanical device(DNA-NMD).
