Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABAergic)neuron,as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission,has been widely involved in central nervous system(CNS)regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition,emotion...Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABAergic)neuron,as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission,has been widely involved in central nervous system(CNS)regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition,emotion,arousal and reward.However,upon their distribution in various brain regions,effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse.In current report,we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus,underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.展开更多
Traumatic axonal injury is a progressive process evoked by shear forces on the brain, gradually evolving from focal axonal alteration and cumulating in neural disconnection. Clinical classifiers and conventional neuro...Traumatic axonal injury is a progressive process evoked by shear forces on the brain, gradually evolving from focal axonal alteration and cumulating in neural disconnection. Clinical classifiers and conventional neuroimaging are limited in traumatic axonal injury detection, outcome prediction, and treatment guidance. Diffusion weighted imaging is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that is sensitive to the movement of water molecules, providing additional information on the micro-structural arrangement of tissue. Quantitative analysis of diffusion metrics can aid in the localization of axonal injury and/or de(dys)myelination caused by trauma. Diffusion MRI tractography is an extension of diffusion weighted imaging, and can provide additional information about white matter pathways and the integrity of brain neural networks. Both techniques are able to detect the early micro-structural changes caused by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and can be used to increase understanding of the mechanisms of brain plasticity in recovery after brain injury and possibly optimize treatment planning of patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. This review focuses on the theoretical basis and applied advanced techniques of diffusion weighted imaging, their limitations and applications, and future directions in the application to TBI.展开更多
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”Starting fund(grant 71013Y2156)to Hong Jiang.
文摘Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABAergic)neuron,as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission,has been widely involved in central nervous system(CNS)regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition,emotion,arousal and reward.However,upon their distribution in various brain regions,effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse.In current report,we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus,underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.
文摘Traumatic axonal injury is a progressive process evoked by shear forces on the brain, gradually evolving from focal axonal alteration and cumulating in neural disconnection. Clinical classifiers and conventional neuroimaging are limited in traumatic axonal injury detection, outcome prediction, and treatment guidance. Diffusion weighted imaging is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that is sensitive to the movement of water molecules, providing additional information on the micro-structural arrangement of tissue. Quantitative analysis of diffusion metrics can aid in the localization of axonal injury and/or de(dys)myelination caused by trauma. Diffusion MRI tractography is an extension of diffusion weighted imaging, and can provide additional information about white matter pathways and the integrity of brain neural networks. Both techniques are able to detect the early micro-structural changes caused by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and can be used to increase understanding of the mechanisms of brain plasticity in recovery after brain injury and possibly optimize treatment planning of patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. This review focuses on the theoretical basis and applied advanced techniques of diffusion weighted imaging, their limitations and applications, and future directions in the application to TBI.
