Liu-Jun-Zi decoction alleviates chemotherapy-induced anorexia by regulating gut microbiota and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway

Background:Liu-Jun-Zi decoction(LJZD),a classical nourishing formula in China,has been proven to be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia.In this study,the mechanism of LJZD in alleviating chemotherapy-induced anorexia was discussed from the aspects of regulating gut microbiota,repairing intestinal barrier injury and inhibiting inflammatory pathways.Methods:A rat model of chemotherapy-induced anorexia was established using cisplatin.The study evaluated the therapeutic effects of LJZD by observing the weight,food intake,and intestinal pathology of rats.The impact of LJZD on gut microbiota and metabolites,specifically short-chain fatty acids,was investigated through gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics.The anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective effects of LJZD were assessed by examining the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins associated with the inflammatory pathway.Results:LJZD alleviated cisplatin-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption,as evidenced by upregulated expression of tight junction protein 1(TJ-1)and occludin,along with reduced serum levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,LJZD alleviated microbiota imbalance and regulated the levels of short-chain fatty acids,especially increased the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis,Lactabacillus johnsonii F19785,Parasutterella,and reduced the Tyzzerella.In the hypothalamus,LJZD exerts suppressive effects on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 signaling pathway,leading to a downregulation in the transcriptional activity of IL-6 and IL-1β,as well as Interleukin 6 receptors(IL-6R)and Interleukin-1βreceptors(IL-1R1)mRNA expression levels.Conclusion:In summary,LJZD alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by modulating the gut microbiota,repairing the intestinal mechanical barriers,and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.

Downregulation of MUC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Inactivating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 1(MUC1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and its regulatory mechanism.Methods The 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital.The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)in the patients with PNC.The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control(si-control)or siRNA targeting MUC1(si-MUC1).Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells.The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1,NFкB and apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and Bcl-2).Results The expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues,and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection,growth and metastasis of NPC.Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features,including the proliferation and apoptosis,downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells.Conclusion Downregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy,including cell proliferation and apoptosis,by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

Apatinib reduces liver cancer cell multidrug resistance by modulating NF-κB signaling pathway

Objectives:This investigation aimed to elucidate the inhibitory impact of apatinib on the multidrug resistance of liver cancer both in vivo and in vitro.Methods:To establish a Hep3B/5-Fu resistant cell line,5-Fu concentrations were gradually increased in the culture media.Hep3B/5-Fu cells drug resistance and its alleviation by apatinib were confirmed via flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8)test.Further,Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)siRNA was transfected into Hep3B/5-Fu cells to assess alterations in the expression of multidrug resistance(MDR)-related genes and proteins.Nude mice were injected with Hep3B/5-Fu cells to establish subcutaneous xenograft tumors and then categorized into 8 treatment groups.The treatments included oxaliplatin,5-Fu,and apatinib.In the tumor tissues,the expression of MDRrelated genes was elucidated via qRT-PCR,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot analyses.Results:The apatinibtreated mice indicated slower tumor growth with smaller size compared to the control group.Both the in vivo and in vitro investigations revealed that the apatinib-treated groups had reduced expression of MDR genes GST-pi,LRP,MDR1,and p-p65.Conclusions:Apatinib effectively suppresses MDR in human hepatic cancer cells by modulating the expression of genes related to MDR,potentially by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Aszonapyrone A Isolated from Neosartorya spinosa IFM 47025 Inhibits the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activated by Expression of the Ependymoma-Causing Fusion Protein ZFTA-RELA

Ependymoma is a rare and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor, which has resulted in a delay in the development of drugs to treat it. A subclass of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN), designated ST-EPN-zinc finger-translocation-associated (ZFTA, ST-EPN-ZFTA), exhibits the expression of a fusion protein comprising ZFTA and v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), an effector transcription factor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway (ZFTA-RELA). The expression of ZFTA-RELA results in the hyperactivation of the oncogenic NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the development of ST-EPN-ZFTA. To identify inhibitors of the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by the expression of ZFTA-RELA, we used a doxycycline-inducible ZFTA-RELA-expressing NF-κB reporter cell line and found that extracts of the fungus Neosartorya spinosa IFM 47025 exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity. We identified eight compounds [aszonapyrone A (2), sartorypyrone A (3), epiheveadride (4), acetylaszonalenin (5), (R)-benzodiazepinedione (6), aszonalenin (7), sartorypyrone E (8) and (Z, Z)-N,N’-(1,2-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-formamide (9)] from N. spinosa IFM 47025 culture extract using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified through the analysis of various instrumental data (1D, 2D-NMR, MS, and optical rotation). The NF-κB responsive reporter assay indicated that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 exhibited inhibitory activity. We further evaluated the inhibitory activity of these compounds against the expression of endogenous NF-κB responsive genes (CCND1, L1CAM, ICAM1, and TNF) and found that compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activity. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of compound 2, which may serve as a lead compound for the development of a novel therapy for ST-EPN-ZFTA.

珍宝丸介导NF-κB/p65通路对脊髓损伤大鼠的神经保护作用

目的探讨珍宝丸对脊髓损伤大鼠的神经保护作用及相关机制。方法60只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、模型组和珍宝丸组,对照组大鼠仅暴露脊髓,模型组和珍宝丸组大鼠均构建脊髓损伤模型。造模成功后,珍宝丸组大鼠给予口服0.6 g/kg珍宝丸干预治疗,间隔24 h给药1次,持续给药28 d,对照组和模型组大鼠则给予相同剂量的生理盐水灌胃。采用巴索·比蒂·布雷斯纳汉(BBB)评分法评估干预治疗前和治疗后4周各组大鼠运动行为学变化;实验结束取大鼠脊髓组织标本,通过HE染色和TUNEL染色法观察评估大鼠脊髓组织病理学变化及神经细胞凋亡情况;通过qRT-PCR法检测炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的表达情况;采用Western blot法检测核因子κB(NF-κB)/p65通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果干预治疗后4周,模型组大鼠BBB评分低于对照组,珍宝丸组大鼠BBB评分高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠脊髓组织结构、形态正常;模型组大鼠脊髓组织结构紊乱,有明显出血、坏死、水肿,大量炎性细胞浸润;珍宝丸组大鼠脊髓组织病变程度较模型组明显减轻。珍宝丸组脊髓组织细胞凋亡数较模型组减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,模型组脊髓组织中TNF-α和IL-6表达升高,IL-10表达下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组相比,珍宝丸组脊髓组织中TNF-α和IL-6表达显著降低,IL-10表达显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠脊髓组织中NF-κB/p65和p-NF-κB/p65蛋白表达均较对照组上调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);珍宝丸组大鼠脊髓组织中NF-κB/p65和p-NF-κB/p65蛋白表达均较模型组下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论珍宝丸治疗能够有效改善脊髓损伤大鼠行为学症状,减轻其病理变化,具有神经保护作用,其作用机制可能与阻断NF-κB/p65通路、抑制炎症因子表达有关。

Calcitriol attenuates liver fibrosis through hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1-mediated TGF β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways

BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a serious condition,and the development of hepatic fibrosis can lead to a series of complications.However,the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear,and effective therapy options are still lacking.Our group identified hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1(NS3TP1) by suppressive subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics analysis,but its role in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remains undefined.Therefore,additional studies on the function of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed to provide new targets for treatment.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis and the regulatory effects of calcitriol on NS3TP1.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and separated into three groups,comprising the normal,fibrosis,and calcitriol treatment groups,and liver fibrosis was modeled by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).To evaluate the level of hepatic fibrosis in every group,serological and pathological examinations of the liver were conducted.TGF-β1 was administered to boost the in vitro cultivation of LX-2 cells.NS3TP1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,and collagen Ⅲ in every group were examined using a Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in each group of cells transfected with pcDNA-NS3TP1 or siRNA-NS3TP1 was detected.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student’s t test.RESULTS NS3TP1 promoted the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and enhanced hepatic fibrosis via the TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as evidenced by the presence of α-SMA,collagen I,collagen Ⅲ,p-smad3,and p-p65 in LX-2 cells,which were upregulated after NS3TP1 overexpression and downregulated after NS3TP1 interference.The proliferation of HSCs was lowered after NS3TP1 interference and elevated after NS3TP1 overexpression,as shown by the luciferase assay.NS3TP1 inhibited the apoptosis of HSCs.Moreover,both Smad3 and p65 could bind to NS3TP1,and p65 increased the promoter activity of NS3TP1,while NS3TP1 increased the promoter activity of TGFβ1 receptor I,as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assay results.Both in vivo and in vitro,treatment with calcitriol dramatically reduced the expression of NS3TP1.Calcitriol therapy-controlled HSCs activation,proliferation,and differentiation and substantially suppressed CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.Furthermore,calcitriol modulated the activities of the above signaling pathways via downregulation of NS3TP1.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that calcitriol may be employed as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic fibrosis and that NS3TP1 is a unique,prospective therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis.

Acupuncture at Back-Shu point improves insomnia by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a disease where individuals cannot maintain a steady and stable sleep state or fail to fall asleep.Western medicine mainly uses sedatives and hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia,and long-term use is prone to drug resistance and other adverse reactions.Acupuncture has a good curative effect and unique advantages in the treatment of insomnia.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at Back-Shu point for the treatment of insomnia.METHODS We first prepared a rat model of insomnia,and then carried out acupuncture for 7 consecutive days.After treatment,the sleep time and general behavior of the rats were determined.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning ability and spatial memory ability of the rats.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and the hippocampus were detected by ELISA.qRTPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression changes in the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAF-1,MEK-2,ERK1/2 and NF-κB.RESULTS Acupuncture can prolong sleep duration,and improve mental state,activity,diet volume,learning ability and spatial memory.In addition,acupuncture increased the release of 1L-1β,1L-6 and TNF-αin serum and the hippocampus and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acupuncture at Back-Shu point can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and treat insomnia by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.

TPPU通过抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65信号通路对阿尔茨海默病细胞模型的抗神经炎症作用

目的在Aβ25-35诱导的阿尔茨海默病(AD)小胶质细胞(BV2细胞)模型中,采用对BV2细胞进行干预,探讨1-三氟甲氧基苯基-3-(1-丙酰哌啶-4-基)脲(TPPU),TPPU是否具有抗神经炎症作用及其可能的抗炎机制。方法利用Aβ25-35作用BV2细胞构建AD细胞模型,CCK8法分别检测不同浓度Aβ25-35和TPPU处理对BV2细胞活性的影响,最终选择20μM Aβ25-35诱导BV2细胞48 h作为造模组,0.1μM TPPU预处理BV2细胞3h,20μM Aβ25-35诱导BV2细胞48 h作为治疗组进行后续实验。利用ELISA法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,倒置荧光显微镜检测活性氧(ROS)产生,real-time PCR检测小胶质细胞M1表型促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因mRNA表达水平和检测M2表型抗炎因子IL-10及标志物Arg1基因mRNA表达水平。通过Western blot法检测细胞中炎症因子TNF-α蛋白及p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,模型组BV2细胞活力降低(P<0.05),ROS显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著增多(P<0.05),SOD活性显著下降(P<0.05),TNF mRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达水平明显上调(P<0.05),IL-10 mRNA、Arg1 mRNA表达水平明显下调(P<0.05),TNF-α蛋白及p-p38 MAPK、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,经TPPU预处理后,BV2细胞活力明显升高(P<0.05),ROS显著降低(P<0.05),MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05),SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),TNF mRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达水平明显下调(P<0.05),IL-10 mRNA、Arg1 mRNA表达水平明显上调(P<0.05),TNF-α蛋白及p-p38 MAPK、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05)。结论TPPU抑制Aβ25-35诱导的BV2细胞炎症反应,促进BV2细胞由M1表型向M2表型极化,其机制可能与抑制p38MAPK/NF-κB p65信号通路激活有关。

归原疏筋合剂治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对血清NF-κB p65表达水平的影响

【目的】探究归原疏筋合剂治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者的临床疗效及其可能的作用机制。【方法】将68例气滞血瘀证LDH患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各34例。对照组给予塞来昔布及甲钴胺片内服治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上加用归原疏筋合剂内服治疗,疗程为4周。观察2组患者治疗前后腰痛和下肢痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、改良日本骨科协会(JOA)评分以及血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)]和血清核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)水平的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效和用药安全性。【结果】(1)脱落情况方面,研究过程中,试验组脱落1例,对照组脱落3例,最终试验组33例、对照组31例纳入疗效统计。(2)疗效方面,治疗4周后,试验组的总有效率为96.97%(32/33),对照组为87.10%(27/31);组间比较(秩和检验),试验组的疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)量表评分方面,治疗后,2组患者的腰痛及下肢痛VAS评分、ODI评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),改良JOA评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),且试验组对腰痛及下肢痛VAS评分、ODI评分的降低幅度及对改良JOA评分的升高幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(4)血清炎症相关指标方面,治疗后,2组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、NF-κB p65水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),且试验组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)安全性方面,治疗过程中,试验组的不良事件发生率为2.94%(1/34),对照组为8.82%(3/34),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】归原疏筋合剂治疗气滞血瘀证LDH患者疗效确切,可有效缓解患者疼痛症状,改善患者腰椎功能,降低血清炎症因子及NF-κB p65表达水平,其作用机制可能与降低炎症因子水平,抑制NF-κB信号通路的活化有关。

NF-κB p65通过miR-150/TRPC6信号通路改善肾缺血再灌注损伤

目的 探究NF-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB, NF-κB)p65通过miR-150/瞬时受体电位阳离子通道6(transient receptor potential cation channel 6, TRPC6)信号通路促进肾缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法 选取2022年8月—2023年8月由齐齐哈尔医学院医药科学研究院购买的60只雄性大鼠作为研究对象,将体质量相似的大鼠按照随机数字表法随机分为3组:假手术实验组(Sham组,n=10)、缺血/再灌注(ischemic/reperfusion, I/R)I/R实验组(n=10)、慢病毒实验组(n=40),其中慢病毒实验组分为miR-150-mimic组(n=10)、I/R+miR-150-mimic组(n=10)、NF-κB p65-si组(n=10)、I/R+NF-κB p65-si组(n=10)。评估各组大鼠肾组织中血清肌酐(creatinine, Cr)和血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、炎性因子、miR-150、NF-κB p65、TRPC6的水平。结果 I/R实验组与Sham组比较,NF-κB p65、miR-150蛋白水平降低(0.26±0.02 vs 0.79±0.03、0.34±0.08vs 1.46±0.12),TRPC6蛋白水平下降(0.35±0.04 vs. 1.08±0.15),差异有统计学意义(t=46.484、24.558、8.603,P均<0.05)。与I/R实验组相比,I/R+miR-150-mimic组TRPC6水平升高,而炎症因子水平更低,I/R+NF-κB p65-si组miR-150水平更高,炎症因子水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 NF-κB p65通过调节miR-150/TRPC6信号通路影响肾功能及炎症,改善肾缺血再灌注损伤。

黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用及血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)、cAMP和脑组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用背部皮下注射干酵母构建大鼠发热模型,SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照,模型组,阳性组(阿司匹林,0.1 g/kg),黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组(160、80、40 mg/kg),连续给药3 d,测定各组大鼠肛温的变化;酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平;Western Blot检测各组大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65(核转录因子-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:黄芩苷高剂量组有显著解热效果(P<0.01),黄芩苷各剂量组均可不同程度降低大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE 2和cAMP含量;与正常组比较,模型组脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达增多,黄芩苷高剂量组可明显降低大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芩苷可显著性降低干酵母引起的体温升高,解热机制可能与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)与cAMP的分泌和减少脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达有关。

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 with p65 ribozyme protects H9c2 cells from oxidative stress through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. It can trigger inflammatory cascades which are primarily mediated via nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）. The NF-κB transcription factor family includes several subunits （p50, p52, p65, c-Rel, and Rel B） that respond to myocardial ischemia. It has been proved that persistent myocyte NF-κB p65 activation in heart failure exacerbates cardiac remodeling. Mechods A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein and anti-NF-κB p65 ribozyme （AAV9-R65-CMV-eGFP） was constructed. The cells were assessed by MTT assay, Annexin V–propidium iodide dual staining to study apoptosis. The expression of P65 and P50 were assessed by Western blot to investigate the under-lying molecular mechanisms. Results After stimulation with H2O2 for 6 h, H9c2 cells viability decreased significantly, a large fraction of cells underwent apoptosis. We observed a rescue of H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis in pretreatment with AAV9-R65-CMV-eGFP. Moreover, AAV9-R65-CMV-eGFP decreased H2O2-induced P65 expression. Conclusions AAV9-R65-CMV-eGFP protects H9c2 cells from oxidative stress induced apoptosis through down-regulation of P65 expression. These observations indicate that AAV9-R65-CMV-eGFP has the potential to exert cardioprotective effects against oxidative stress, which might be of great importance to clinical efficacy for cardiovascular disease.

青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热疗效及对NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热疗效及对核因子κB p65(Nuclear factor-kappaBp65,NF-kappaB p65)蛋白、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-10,IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)的影响。方法 选取诊治的癌性发热患者100例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例,对照组常规西药治疗,观察组采用青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗,治疗时间7 d,观察退热效果、治疗前血清总NF-κB p65蛋白及活性NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α变化。结果 观察组体温开始下降时间、体温恢复正常时间短于对照组,每次退热持续时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前血清总NF-κB p65蛋白及活性NF-κB p65蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗均下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗均下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为18.00%(9/50)、对照组为14.00%(7/50),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗疗效整体优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗总有效率为96.00%(48/50),高于对照组的80.00%(40/50)(P<0.05)。结论 青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热退热效果显著,能够缩短患者体温恢复正常的时间,改善NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平。

推拿按揉环跳穴对坐骨神经痛大鼠脊髓背角NF-κB p65蛋白的干预作用

目的:观察推拿按揉环跳穴对坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)模型大鼠的镇痛作用,探讨推拿对坐骨神经痛大鼠的镇痛机制。方法:选用32只体重180~220g SPF级别的SD雄性大鼠,随机分成空白组(不予以任何处理)、假手术组(只暴露不结扎坐骨神经)、模型组(结扎坐骨神经)和推拿组(结扎坐骨神经后予以手法干预)。通过结扎大鼠右侧坐骨神经制备CCI模型,于造模第3天开始对推拿组大鼠推拿按揉环跳穴干预,连续干预14 d,观察造模前及造模后第1、3、7、10、14、17天大鼠机械痛域(paw withdrawal threshold,PWT)、热痛阈(paw withdrawal latency,PWL);观察造模前、造模后第1和17天右侧坐骨神经功能指数(sciatic functional index,SFI)的变化;用苏木精伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色方法观察坐骨神经形态学的变化;并观察大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达的差异。结果:在造模后,空白组和假手术组的PWT、PWL和SFI差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),造模后模型组和推拿组的PWT、PWL和SFI显著下降(P<0.01)。在手法干预后,推拿组大鼠的痛阈值上升,在手法干预第8天(即造模第10天),推拿组较模型组PWT显著上升,差异有统计学差异(P<0.01);在手法干预第5天(即造模第7天),推拿组PWL较模型组显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);推拿组大鼠痛阈值随着手法干预持续而继续上升。手法干预14天后,推拿组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数显著上升(P<0.01)。与空白组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠坐骨神经有髓神经纤维排列紊乱,轴索、髓鞘密度不均匀;与模型组比较,推拿组大鼠神经纤维逐渐连续,轴索、髓鞘较模型组均匀。与空白组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,推拿组大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:推拿按揉环跳穴能恢复神经纤维的排列;并通过降低脊髓背角的NF-κB p65蛋白表达来提高CCI模型的PWT、PWL和SFI,从而起到镇痛的作用,并改善大鼠步态。

β-arrestin 2 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathwaymediated inflammation in mice

AIM To study the role and the possible mechanism of β-arrestin 2 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in vivo and in vitro.METHODS Male β-arrestin 2^(+/+) and β-arrestin 2^(-/-)C57 BL/6 J mice were used for in vivo experiments, and the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used for in vitro experiments. The animal model was established via intraperitoneal injection of LPS or physiological sodium chloride solution. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected to analyze liver injury and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cultured cell extracts were collected to analyze the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of key molecules involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, the β-arrestin 2 knockout mice displayed more severe LPS-induced liver injury and significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and IL-10. Compared with the control group, pro-inflammatory cytokines(including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) produced by RAW264.7 cells in the β-arrestin 2 si RNA group were significantly increased at 6 h after treatment with LPS. Further, key molecules involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, including phosphoIκBα and phosho-p65, were upregulated.CONCLUSION β-arrestin 2 can protect liver tissue from LPS-induced injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathwaymediated inflammation.

The Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Nuclear Factor κB p65 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media

The role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media is explored. In recent years, the incidence of otitis media has been rising globally, becoming a significant threat to human health. More and more studies have found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as a member of the Toll-like receptor family, can promote the generation of inflammatory factors and is closely related to the body’s immune response and inflammatory response. Nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) is a nuclear transcription factor that can interact with various cytokines, growth factors, and apoptotic factors, participating in processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the body [1]. This article elaborates on the structure, function, and signaling pathways of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media, aiming to provide more precise targets and better therapeutic efficacy for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. The role of inflammation in disease.

Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum L.flowers stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells

Two immunomodulatory polysaccharides(Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3) were isolated and identified from Apocynum venetum L. flowers, and their innate immune-stimulating functions and working mechanisms were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Both the level of released nitric oxide(NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) m RNA were significantly enhanced in the RAW264.7 macrophages cells treated by Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3. Vp2a-Ⅱ(100–800 μg/m L) and Vp3(400 μg/mL) could significantly increase the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and the secretion and m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentrationdependent manner through affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Vp2a-Ⅱ might activate the MAPK signaling pathways and induce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, whilst Vp3 likely activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways without influencing the p38 MAPK route.

基于NF-κB p65信号通路探讨金汁修复受损的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞的机制

目的观察金汁含药血清对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞自噬相关蛋白及NF-κB p65信号通路的影响,探讨其对肠黏膜上皮细胞的保护作用机制。方法选择雄性BALB/c小鼠制备空白血清和不同浓度(10%,15%,20%)的金汁含药血清。将LPS诱导的体外培养的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞随机分成空白组、模型组(LPS+空白血清)及金汁低含药血清组(LPS+10%金汁含药血清)、金汁中含药血清组(LPS+15%金汁含药血清)、金汁高含药血清组(LPS+20%金汁含药血清),各组干预24 h后,用透射电镜观察肠黏膜上皮细胞自噬情况,q-PCR法检测细胞中LC3A、LC3B mRNA表达情况,Western blot法检测细胞中LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ、p65、p-p65表达情况,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组细胞内的双层膜结构明显减少,细胞中LC3A、LC3B mRNA相对表达量及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ均明显降低(P均<0.05),p65、p-p65相对表达量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均明显升高(P均<0.05)。与模型组比较,金汁高含药血清组自噬体明显增多;金汁高含药血清组LC3A mRNA相对表达量和金汁低、中、高含药血清组LC3B mRNA相对表达量及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ均明显升高(P均<0.05),金汁低、中、高含药血清组细胞中p65、p-p65相对表达量和金汁中、高含药血清组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均明显降低(P均<0.05)。结论金汁含药血清可通过抑制NF-κB p65信号通路,促进肠黏膜上皮细胞自噬而修复受损的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞。

Low-temperature Plasma Promotes Fibroblast Proliferation in Wound Healing by ROS-activated NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Low-temperature plasma(LTP)has shown great promise in wound healing,although the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.In the present study,an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed to treat L929 murine fibroblasts cultured in vitro and skin wounds in BALB/c mice.The in vitro analysis revealed that treatment of fibroblasts with LTP for 15 s resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation,secretion of epidermal growth factor(EGF)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),production of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the percentage of cells in S phase,protein expression of phosphorylated p65(P-p65)and cyclin D1,but a noted decrease in the protein expression of inhibitor kappa B(IκB).The in vivo experiments demonstrated that 30-s LTP treatment enhanced the number of fibroblasts and the ability of collagen synthesis,while 50-s treatment led to the opposite outcomes.These results suggested that LTP treatment promotes the fibroblast proliferation in wound healing by inducing the generation of ROS,upregulating the expression of P-p65,downregulating the expression of IκB,and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and consequently altering cell cycle progression(increased DNA synthesis in S phage).