Liu-Jun-Zi decoction alleviates chemotherapy-induced anorexia by regulating gut microbiota and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway

Background:Liu-Jun-Zi decoction(LJZD),a classical nourishing formula in China,has been proven to be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia.In this study,the mechanism of LJZD in alleviating chemotherapy-induced anorexia was discussed from the aspects of regulating gut microbiota,repairing intestinal barrier injury and inhibiting inflammatory pathways.Methods:A rat model of chemotherapy-induced anorexia was established using cisplatin.The study evaluated the therapeutic effects of LJZD by observing the weight,food intake,and intestinal pathology of rats.The impact of LJZD on gut microbiota and metabolites,specifically short-chain fatty acids,was investigated through gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics.The anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective effects of LJZD were assessed by examining the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins associated with the inflammatory pathway.Results:LJZD alleviated cisplatin-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption,as evidenced by upregulated expression of tight junction protein 1(TJ-1)and occludin,along with reduced serum levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,LJZD alleviated microbiota imbalance and regulated the levels of short-chain fatty acids,especially increased the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis,Lactabacillus johnsonii F19785,Parasutterella,and reduced the Tyzzerella.In the hypothalamus,LJZD exerts suppressive effects on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 signaling pathway,leading to a downregulation in the transcriptional activity of IL-6 and IL-1β,as well as Interleukin 6 receptors(IL-6R)and Interleukin-1βreceptors(IL-1R1)mRNA expression levels.Conclusion:In summary,LJZD alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by modulating the gut microbiota,repairing the intestinal mechanical barriers,and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Calcitriol attenuates liver fibrosis through hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1-mediated TGF β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways

BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a serious condition,and the development of hepatic fibrosis can lead to a series of complications.However,the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear,and effective therapy options are still lacking.Our group identified hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1(NS3TP1) by suppressive subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics analysis,but its role in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remains undefined.Therefore,additional studies on the function of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed to provide new targets for treatment.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis and the regulatory effects of calcitriol on NS3TP1.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and separated into three groups,comprising the normal,fibrosis,and calcitriol treatment groups,and liver fibrosis was modeled by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).To evaluate the level of hepatic fibrosis in every group,serological and pathological examinations of the liver were conducted.TGF-β1 was administered to boost the in vitro cultivation of LX-2 cells.NS3TP1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,and collagen Ⅲ in every group were examined using a Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in each group of cells transfected with pcDNA-NS3TP1 or siRNA-NS3TP1 was detected.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student’s t test.RESULTS NS3TP1 promoted the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and enhanced hepatic fibrosis via the TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as evidenced by the presence of α-SMA,collagen I,collagen Ⅲ,p-smad3,and p-p65 in LX-2 cells,which were upregulated after NS3TP1 overexpression and downregulated after NS3TP1 interference.The proliferation of HSCs was lowered after NS3TP1 interference and elevated after NS3TP1 overexpression,as shown by the luciferase assay.NS3TP1 inhibited the apoptosis of HSCs.Moreover,both Smad3 and p65 could bind to NS3TP1,and p65 increased the promoter activity of NS3TP1,while NS3TP1 increased the promoter activity of TGFβ1 receptor I,as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assay results.Both in vivo and in vitro,treatment with calcitriol dramatically reduced the expression of NS3TP1.Calcitriol therapy-controlled HSCs activation,proliferation,and differentiation and substantially suppressed CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.Furthermore,calcitriol modulated the activities of the above signaling pathways via downregulation of NS3TP1.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that calcitriol may be employed as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic fibrosis and that NS3TP1 is a unique,prospective therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis.

Acupuncture at Back-Shu point improves insomnia by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a disease where individuals cannot maintain a steady and stable sleep state or fail to fall asleep.Western medicine mainly uses sedatives and hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia,and long-term use is prone to drug resistance and other adverse reactions.Acupuncture has a good curative effect and unique advantages in the treatment of insomnia.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at Back-Shu point for the treatment of insomnia.METHODS We first prepared a rat model of insomnia,and then carried out acupuncture for 7 consecutive days.After treatment,the sleep time and general behavior of the rats were determined.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning ability and spatial memory ability of the rats.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and the hippocampus were detected by ELISA.qRTPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression changes in the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAF-1,MEK-2,ERK1/2 and NF-κB.RESULTS Acupuncture can prolong sleep duration,and improve mental state,activity,diet volume,learning ability and spatial memory.In addition,acupuncture increased the release of 1L-1β,1L-6 and TNF-αin serum and the hippocampus and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acupuncture at Back-Shu point can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and treat insomnia by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.

青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热疗效及对NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热疗效及对核因子κB p65(Nuclear factor-kappaBp65,NF-kappaB p65)蛋白、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-10,IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)的影响。方法 选取诊治的癌性发热患者100例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例,对照组常规西药治疗,观察组采用青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗,治疗时间7 d,观察退热效果、治疗前血清总NF-κB p65蛋白及活性NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α变化。结果 观察组体温开始下降时间、体温恢复正常时间短于对照组,每次退热持续时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前血清总NF-κB p65蛋白及活性NF-κB p65蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗均下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗均下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为18.00%(9/50)、对照组为14.00%(7/50),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗疗效整体优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗总有效率为96.00%(48/50),高于对照组的80.00%(40/50)(P<0.05)。结论 青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热退热效果显著,能够缩短患者体温恢复正常的时间,改善NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平。

黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用及血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)、cAMP和脑组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用背部皮下注射干酵母构建大鼠发热模型,SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照,模型组,阳性组(阿司匹林,0.1 g/kg),黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组(160、80、40 mg/kg),连续给药3 d,测定各组大鼠肛温的变化;酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平;Western Blot检测各组大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65(核转录因子-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:黄芩苷高剂量组有显著解热效果(P<0.01),黄芩苷各剂量组均可不同程度降低大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE 2和cAMP含量;与正常组比较,模型组脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达增多,黄芩苷高剂量组可明显降低大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芩苷可显著性降低干酵母引起的体温升高,解热机制可能与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)与cAMP的分泌和减少脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达有关。

β-arrestin 2 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathwaymediated inflammation in mice

AIM To study the role and the possible mechanism of β-arrestin 2 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in vivo and in vitro.METHODS Male β-arrestin 2^(+/+) and β-arrestin 2^(-/-)C57 BL/6 J mice were used for in vivo experiments, and the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used for in vitro experiments. The animal model was established via intraperitoneal injection of LPS or physiological sodium chloride solution. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected to analyze liver injury and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cultured cell extracts were collected to analyze the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of key molecules involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, the β-arrestin 2 knockout mice displayed more severe LPS-induced liver injury and significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and IL-10. Compared with the control group, pro-inflammatory cytokines(including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) produced by RAW264.7 cells in the β-arrestin 2 si RNA group were significantly increased at 6 h after treatment with LPS. Further, key molecules involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, including phosphoIκBα and phosho-p65, were upregulated.CONCLUSION β-arrestin 2 can protect liver tissue from LPS-induced injury via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathwaymediated inflammation.

基于NF-κB p65信号通路探讨金汁修复受损的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞的机制

目的观察金汁含药血清对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞自噬相关蛋白及NF-κB p65信号通路的影响,探讨其对肠黏膜上皮细胞的保护作用机制。方法选择雄性BALB/c小鼠制备空白血清和不同浓度(10%,15%,20%)的金汁含药血清。将LPS诱导的体外培养的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞随机分成空白组、模型组(LPS+空白血清)及金汁低含药血清组(LPS+10%金汁含药血清)、金汁中含药血清组(LPS+15%金汁含药血清)、金汁高含药血清组(LPS+20%金汁含药血清),各组干预24 h后,用透射电镜观察肠黏膜上皮细胞自噬情况,q-PCR法检测细胞中LC3A、LC3B mRNA表达情况,Western blot法检测细胞中LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ、p65、p-p65表达情况,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组细胞内的双层膜结构明显减少,细胞中LC3A、LC3B mRNA相对表达量及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ均明显降低(P均<0.05),p65、p-p65相对表达量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均明显升高(P均<0.05)。与模型组比较,金汁高含药血清组自噬体明显增多;金汁高含药血清组LC3A mRNA相对表达量和金汁低、中、高含药血清组LC3B mRNA相对表达量及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ均明显升高(P均<0.05),金汁低、中、高含药血清组细胞中p65、p-p65相对表达量和金汁中、高含药血清组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均明显降低(P均<0.05)。结论金汁含药血清可通过抑制NF-κB p65信号通路,促进肠黏膜上皮细胞自噬而修复受损的小鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞。

Low-temperature Plasma Promotes Fibroblast Proliferation in Wound Healing by ROS-activated NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Low-temperature plasma（LTP） has shown great promise in wound healing,although the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.In the present study,an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed to treat L929 murine fibroblasts cultured in vitro and skin wounds in BALB/c mice.The in vitro analysis revealed that treatment of fibroblasts with LTP for 15 s resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation,secretion of epidermal growth factor（EGF） and transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）,production of intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS）,and the percentage of cells in S phase,protein expression of phosphorylated p65（P-p65） and cyclin D1,but a noted decrease in the protein expression of inhibitor kappa B（IκB）.The in vivo experiments demonstrated that 30-s LTP treatment enhanced the number of fibroblasts and the ability of collagen synthesis,while 50-s treatment led to the opposite outcomes.These results suggested that LTP treatment promotes the fibroblast proliferation in wound healing by inducing the generation of ROS,upregulating the expression of P-p65,downregulating the expression of IκB,and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and consequently altering cell cycle progression（increased DNA synthesis in S phage）.

Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum L.flowers stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells

Two immunomodulatory polysaccharides(Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3) were isolated and identified from Apocynum venetum L. flowers, and their innate immune-stimulating functions and working mechanisms were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Both the level of released nitric oxide(NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) m RNA were significantly enhanced in the RAW264.7 macrophages cells treated by Vp2a-Ⅱ and Vp3. Vp2a-Ⅱ(100–800 μg/m L) and Vp3(400 μg/mL) could significantly increase the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and the secretion and m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentrationdependent manner through affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activity and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Vp2a-Ⅱ might activate the MAPK signaling pathways and induce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, whilst Vp3 likely activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways without influencing the p38 MAPK route.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on the prevention of PSH in patients with severe craniocerebral injury by regulating TLR4/My D88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the regulation of TLR4/My D88/NF-κB in the prevention of paroxysmal sympathetic over-excitation (PSH) in patients with severe head injury. Methods:One hundred patients with severe head injury who were admitted to our hospital from September 2016 to May 2019 were enrolled. The randomized digital table method was divided into 50 cases in the study group and the control group. Patients in the study group were given dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1.0 μg/kg before anesthesia induction, followed by infusion at 0.4 μg / (kg·h), and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. The incidence of PSH, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, mechanical ventilation time, tracheal intubation/incision duration, ICU hospitalization time, total length of hospital stay, and GCS scores three months after discharge were compared between the two groups. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity, TLR4, NF-κB expression level and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes of the two groups were detected. Results:The incidence of PSH was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group at 7 and 3 months (P<0.05). The total length of hospital stay, duration of ICU hospitalization, intraoperative tracheotomy, and mechanical ventilation time were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. And the GCS score was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the imaging results showed that there were some differences in the location of imaging lesions between the two groups. The proportion of lesions in the ventricular system and surrounding areas was higher in the control group than in the study group (P<0.05). And the T14-T3 CD14+ PBMC MyD88 fluorescence intensity, TLR4 and NK-κB positive expression rate were significantly higher than those of T0 (P<0.05), but the MyD88 fluorescence intensity, TLR4 and NK-κB positive expression rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T1~T3 (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α in T1~T3 groups were significantly higher than those in T0 (P<0.05), but the levels of serum TNF-α in T1~T3 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine can reduce the oxidative stress response in patients with severe head injury by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus effectively reducing the risk of PSH and improving the prognosis of patients.

QRICH1介导NF-κB p65调控Bcl-2、Bax在砷致肝癌细胞凋亡中的作用研究

目的:探讨砷(AS)诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程中QRICH1通过调控NF-κB p65表达水平调控Bcl-2、Bax的作用机制。方法:体外培养人的肝癌细胞(HepG2细胞),采用慢病毒转染的方式,构建过表达/敲低QRICH1稳定表达HepG2细胞株。分为对照组、加砷组、砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组、砷+QRICH1过表达组、砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组、砷+QRICH1敲低组。在细胞对数生长期时,加入40μmol/L亚砷酸钠(NaAsO_(2))作为终浓度处理24 h。对照组加入与NaAsO_(2)同等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)处理。采用细胞计数(CCK-8)检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡情况;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组细胞QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平。结果:CCK-8结果显示与对照组比较,砷处理组增殖率比例明显降低(P<0.05);与砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1过表达组细胞增殖率明显上升(P<0.05),与砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1敲低组细胞增殖率明显下降(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。流式细胞术结果显示与对照组比较,砷处理组总凋亡率比例明显升高(P<0.05);与砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1过表达组细胞总凋亡率比例明显下降(P<0.05),与砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1敲低组细胞总凋亡率比例明显上升(P<0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹法结果显示与对照组比较,砷处理组QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2蛋白表达水平较低,Bax的蛋白表达水平较高(P<0.05)。与砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1过表达组QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2蛋白表达水平较高,Bax的蛋白表达水平较低(P<0.05)。与砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1敲低组QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2蛋白表达水平较低,Bax的蛋白表达水平较高(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论:砷致HepG2凋亡过程中,QRICH1通过调节NF-κB p65的表达,进而影响了Bcl-2、Bax的表达。提示QRICH1可能是促进肝癌细胞凋亡的潜在作用靶点。

推拿按揉环跳穴对坐骨神经痛大鼠脊髓背角NF-κB p65蛋白的干预作用

目的:观察推拿按揉环跳穴对坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)模型大鼠的镇痛作用,探讨推拿对坐骨神经痛大鼠的镇痛机制。方法:选用32只体重180~220g SPF级别的SD雄性大鼠,随机分成空白组(不予以任何处理)、假手术组(只暴露不结扎坐骨神经)、模型组(结扎坐骨神经)和推拿组(结扎坐骨神经后予以手法干预)。通过结扎大鼠右侧坐骨神经制备CCI模型,于造模第3天开始对推拿组大鼠推拿按揉环跳穴干预,连续干预14 d,观察造模前及造模后第1、3、7、10、14、17天大鼠机械痛域(paw withdrawal threshold,PWT)、热痛阈(paw withdrawal latency,PWL);观察造模前、造模后第1和17天右侧坐骨神经功能指数(sciatic functional index,SFI)的变化;用苏木精伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色方法观察坐骨神经形态学的变化;并观察大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达的差异。结果:在造模后,空白组和假手术组的PWT、PWL和SFI差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),造模后模型组和推拿组的PWT、PWL和SFI显著下降(P<0.01)。在手法干预后,推拿组大鼠的痛阈值上升,在手法干预第8天(即造模第10天),推拿组较模型组PWT显著上升,差异有统计学差异(P<0.01);在手法干预第5天(即造模第7天),推拿组PWL较模型组显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);推拿组大鼠痛阈值随着手法干预持续而继续上升。手法干预14天后,推拿组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数显著上升(P<0.01)。与空白组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠坐骨神经有髓神经纤维排列紊乱,轴索、髓鞘密度不均匀;与模型组比较,推拿组大鼠神经纤维逐渐连续,轴索、髓鞘较模型组均匀。与空白组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,推拿组大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:推拿按揉环跳穴能恢复神经纤维的排列;并通过降低脊髓背角的NF-κB p65蛋白表达来提高CCI模型的PWT、PWL和SFI,从而起到镇痛的作用,并改善大鼠步态。

芳香烃受体通过p38MAPK/p65NF-κB信号通路调节绿脓菌素诱导的巨噬细胞中炎症因子的表达

目的探讨芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AhR)对绿脓菌素(pyocyanin PCN)诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7中炎性因子表达的影响及其信号通路的调控机制。方法分别采用不同浓度的PCN处理RAW264.7细胞24 h,用CCK8法检测PCN对细胞活性的影响,确定最适PCN浓度制造感染模型。将细胞分为对照组(给予0.1%dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)、PCN组、PCN+AhR抑制剂(CH223191)组、PCN+AhR激动剂(FICZ)组,应用免疫荧光法检测AhR的表达情况;ELISA法检测炎症因子(IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α)的表达水平;Western blot法检测AhR、p-p38MAPK和p-p65NF-κB的蛋白表达情况。结果PCN诱导的RAW264.7细胞中AhR的表达与PCN的浓度具有明显的量效关系;与对照组相比,CH223191使PCN诱导的炎症因子分泌增加,并增强p38MAPK和p65NF-κB的磷酸化能力;FICZ降低了PCN诱导的炎症因子的产生并降低了p38MAPK和p65NF-κB的磷酸化能力。结论AhR能够调节PCN诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的表达,且p38MAPK/p65NF-κB信号通路可能是AhR参与免疫调节的重要途径。

NF-κB/P65在食管鳞癌细胞和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中表达的临床病理意义

目的探讨NF-κB/P65分别在食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)细胞和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)中的表达对患者预后的意义。方法回顾性收集80例ESCC的临床病理资料,免疫组化染色法检测NF-κB/P65分别在ESCC细胞和TILs中的表达,分析癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)数据库中NF-κB/P65在ESCC中的功能。结果ESCC细胞中NF-κB/P65表达阳性率高于正常鳞状上皮,非角化型鳞癌细胞中高于角化型鳞癌,与有丝分裂数呈正相关,癌细胞中NF-κB/P65阳性表达率高的患者预后差(P<0.05)。ESCC中TILs在临床1期高于临床2、3期,与癌灶大小呈负相关(P<0.05)。ESCC中NF-κB/P65在癌周和癌内TILs中的表达与TILs的量呈正相关,癌周TILs中NF-κB/P65表达阳性率高于癌内TILs,NF-κB/P65阳性表达率在原位癌癌周TILs中明显高于浸润性癌周TILs,癌内和癌周TILs中NF-κB/P65阳性表达率高的患者预后较好(P<0.05)。生物信息学分析显示NF-κB/P65与DNA修复、上皮间质转化、基质形成、炎性反应和IL-10抗炎信号通路相关因子呈正相关,与T淋巴细胞呈负相关(P均<0.05)。结论NF-κB/P65在ESCC细胞中的高表达可能促进癌组织的发生进展,在ESCC中,TILs的高表达对ESCC的进展可能具有抑制作用,NF-κB/P65可能分别通过不同的信号通路和分子,影响其在癌细胞和TILs中的不同作用。

人参皂苷Rg1通过TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65通路调控小鼠急性肾损伤诱导的急性肝损伤的机制研究

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1(GRg1)对小鼠急性肾损伤所诱导的急性肝损伤的保护作用及其调控机制。方法:昆明小鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组、模型(model)组、GRg1组和necrostatin-1 (Nec-1)组,每组10只。制备急性肾损伤模型,24 h后收集血液。采用生化试剂盒检测小鼠血清肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。采用ELISA法检测炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达。HE染色观察组织病理学改变,采用免疫组织化学和Western blot法检测TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平。结果:与假手术组比较,model组小鼠出现明显的肝细胞坏死、肝肾功能减退,血清中SCr、BUN、AST和ALT均显著升高(P<0.01),MDA含量显著上升,SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01),且血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.01),TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白表达显著增高(P<0.01);与model组相比,GRg1和Nec-1组处理后小鼠肝细胞坏死减轻,肝肾功能显著改善(P<0.01),血清中SCr、BUN、AST和ALT水平显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量显著降低,SOD活性显著增高(P<0.01),血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.01),TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);GRg1组和Nec-1组小鼠上述指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论:GRg1可以改善小鼠急性肾损伤所致急性肝损伤的肝肾功能,其机制可能与抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65信号通路有关。

Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Oxalis coriniculata L. and Related Mechanism by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR-2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Oxalis coriniculata L.on rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and related mechanism by regulating oxidative stress and the TLR-2 TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.[Methods]A total of 48 female rats were randomly and evenly divided into normal group,model group,silymarin group(0.12 g/kg),and high(16 g/kg),middle(8 g/kg)and low-dose(4 g/kg)O.coriniculata L.groups.The rats in the groups were intragastrically administered with 5 mL/kg of corresponding drugs(equal-volume distilled water for normal group and control group),respectively.The administration was conducted twice a day,for 10 consecutive days.After 2 h of the last administration,the rats in all the groups except the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with 12%carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)olive oil solution(5 mL/kg),respectively to establish liver injury rat models.After 16 h,the eyeball blood of the rats was collected,and their liver tissues were collected for preparation of HE sections.The biochemical indicators detected included aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the serum.The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the serum were detected by ELISA.The expression of Toll-like receptor-2(TLR-2)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in liver tissue was detected using Western blotting.The pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the ALT,AST activity and MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in rat serum significantly increased(P<0.01),the GSH-Px,T-SOD activity in rat serum significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression of TLR-2 and NF-κB in liver tissue was up-regulated(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ALT,AST activity and MDA,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in rat serum reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),the GSH-Px and T-SOD activity in rat serum increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of TLR-2 and NF-κB in liver tissue was down-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the O.coriniculata L.administration groups.Pathological sections show that O.coriniculata L.had an improving effect on rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.[Conclusions]O.coriniculata L.has a good protective effect on rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress,inhibition of inflammatory response and regulation of the TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Mechanism and effect of curcumin on apoptosis of EAE mice by regulating TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate theanti apoptosis effect of curcumin(cur)in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)mice by regulating TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway and its mechanism.Methods:45 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,EAE group,curcumin group,15 mice in each group.Blank groups are not processed.The EAE model was established by classical modeling method in the EAE group and the curcumin group.From the day of modeling,the blank group and the EAE group were intraperitoneally injected with 1ml/kg/d of normal saline,Curcumin group was given 100 mg/kg/d continuous intraperitoneal injection of curcumin extract.With Benson EAE group and Curcumin group mice were killed at the peak of the disease.The blank group and the rest of the mice were killed after 4 weeks of feeding,and the spinal cord tissue was taken out to separate the lumbar enlargement segment.The effects of curcumin on the pathological changes of spinal cord tissue in EAE mice were observed by HE staining and TUNEL staining,and the expression of apoptosis positive cells was calculated.The distribution and co aggregation of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax with spinal cord tissue were observed by double immunofluorescence staining The protein levels of TLR4,NF-κBp65 and MyD88 were detected by Western blot.Results:compared with the blank group,TUNEL staining increased the number of apoptotic cells and the apoptotic rate in EAE group(P<0.05);the expression of apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 decreased and the expression of Bax increased in EAE group(P<0.05),The protein of TLR4,NF-κBp65 and MyD88 in spinal cord tissue of mice were increased by blot detection(P<0.05);compared with EAE group,the number of apoptotic cells in spinal cord tissue of curcumin group was decreased by TUNEL staining,and the apoptosis rate was decreased(P<0.05);the expression of apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 was increased,the expression of Bax protein was decreased,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis related protein The protein of TLR4,NF-κBp65 and MyD88 in spinal cord tissue of mice were decreased by blot(P<0.05).Conclusion:Curcumin has anti apoptotic effect on EAE mice,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway and the reduction of apoptotic protein production.

miR-146a-5p affects inflammation response of trophoblast by inhibiting TRAF6/NF-кB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the association of Micro-rna(miR)-146a-5p expression with preeclampsia,and further explore the potential mechanism involved.Methods:Compared with the blank control group,the expressions of miR-146a-5p and TRAF6 were detected in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced JEG-3 cells.Chorionic carcinoma cell JEG-3 in vitro culture are divided into control,miR-146a-5p mimic+lipopolysaccharide(lps),miR-146a-5p mimic and miR-146a-5p inhibitor groups.qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect the mRNA of miR-146a-5p,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α.Western blot assays were carried out to determine the protein expression of TRAF6/NF-кB pathway related proteins.Results:1.miR-146a expression in miR-146a mimic group were significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).2.Compared with the control group,the expression level of miR-146a-5p in JEG-3 cells induced by LPS was significantly increased,and the expression level of TRAF6 was significantly reduced(P<0.05).3.Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-αdecreased significantly after using miR-146a mimic(P<0.05).After adding miR-146a inhibitor,the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-αwere significantly increased(P<0.05).However,compared with the mimic+LPS group,the difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).The results of Western Blot showed that the expression of TRAF6 and NF-κB protein in JEG-3 cells decreased significantly after adding miR-146a mimic and increased after adding miR-146a inhibitor.Conclusion:MiR-146-5p can affect the inflammation response of Maternal-fetal interface by inhibiting TRAF6/NF-кB signaling pathway in preeclampsia.

α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulates retinopathy in diabetic rats via p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effect ofα1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on retinopathy in diabetic rats and its mechanism.Methods:A model of diabetic retinopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The 30 Wistar rats successfully modeled were randomly divided into a model group,a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and a combined group(α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells),the blood glucose and serum insulin levels of diabetic rats were measured 4 weeks after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for measuring serum inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in rats.Observing the pathological morphology of rat retina under hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE).TUNEL staining to observe the apoptosis of rat retinal nerve cells.Immunohistochemical method to detect the expression level of CD45 in retinal tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),hypoxiainducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),and angiotensinⅡ(ANGⅡ)mRNA.Western blot was used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in the retinal tissue of each group of rats.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the model group had increased blood glucose,decreased insulin levels,increased serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels,and had obvious lesions in the retina.CD45 showed high expression in retinal tissue,VEGF,HIF-1α,ANGⅡ mRNA expression increased,p-p38,p-p65,p-IκBα protein expression increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and the combined group have decreased blood glucose,increased insulin levels,and decreased serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels.Retinopathy is improved,apoptosis of retinal nerve cells is reduced,CD45 expression in retinal tissue is reduced,VEGF,HIF-1α,ANGⅡ mRNA expression is decreased,and p-p38,p-p65,p-IκBα protein expression is decreased.Compared with the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group,the effect of the combined group was more obvious(P<0.05).Conclusion:α1-antitrypsin combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve the degree of retinopathy in diabetic rats.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.