Sialoglycoproteins Isolated from the Eggs of Gadus morhua Inhibit Bone Resorption in Ovariectomized Rats by Suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB Pathways

The present study investigated the anti-osteoporosis function and the mechanism of sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Gadus morhua(Gm-SGP)on ovariectomized(OVX)rats.After 3 months of Gm-SGP treatment,OVX-induced bone loss was suppressed and uncoupling bone turnover was balanced,as indicated by systemic biomarkers of bone metabolism;no uterine estrogenicity was observed.Moreover,rats administered with Gm-SGP exhibited increased bone mineral density and biomechanical strength and significant restoration of the trabecular microarchitecture compared with rats in the control group.Gm-SGP significantly decreased bone resorption-related indicators in serum.Investigation of the associated mechanisms revealed that Gm-SGP significantly increases the OPG/RANKL ratio at the mRNA and protein levels.Further research suggested that Gm-SGP inhibits the mRNA and protein expressions of important transcription factors of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.It also attenuates the activation of related transduction signaling pathways by inhibiting phosphorylation of JNK,ERK,p38,and NF-κB,and ultimately suppresses the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1.Overall,these results demonstrate that Gm-SGP inhibits bone resorption by suppressing osteoclastogenesis-related MAPK and NF-κB pathways,thereby improving osteoporosis.

Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney,and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways

BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction(JPGS)has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)for many years.However,the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN.METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model.We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics.Furthermore,we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress.Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice.A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened.Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups,while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups.Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine,tryptophan metabolism;aspartate and glutamate metabolism;and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN.Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors.CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DN,which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys.Furthermore,JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathwaymediated apoptosis in DN mice.

基于TLR4 NF-κB通路-神经相关因子探究依达拉奉对急性脑梗死患者炎症反应与神经损伤的保护机制

目的基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路-神经相关因子探究依达拉奉对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者炎症反应与神经损伤的保护机制。方法选取2020-07—2023-07保定市第一中心医院收治的110例ACI患者,以随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组,各55例,对照组给予阿替普酶溶栓,观察组给予阿替普酶溶栓联合依达拉奉治疗。比较2组疗效、神经功能[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin评分]、TLR4 NF-κB通路指标(TLR4、NF-κB)、神经损伤相关因子[神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、中枢神经特异性蛋白(S-100β)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)]、TLR4 NF-κB通路相关炎症因子[白介素-1β(IL-1β)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、五聚素3(PTX3)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)]。结果观察组总有效率96.36%,高于对照组的83.64%(P<0.05)。治疗1、2周观察组NIHSS评分、改良Rankin评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组TLR4、NF-κB均低于对照组(P<0.05)。相较于治疗前,2组治疗1、2周后S-100β、NSE水平明显下降,BDNF水平明显升高,观察组S-100β、NSE水平均低于对照组,BDNF水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。相较于治疗前,2组治疗1、2周后IL-1β、hs-CRP、TNF-α、PTX3、Lp-PLA2水平均明显下降,观察组IL-1β、hs-CRP、TNF-α、PTX3、Lp-PLA2水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论依达拉奉对ACI患者的疗效显著,有利于缓解炎症反应,改善神经损伤,其保护机制可能与TLR4 NF-κB通路调控神经损伤、炎症反应相关因子有关。

基于“微生物-肠-脑轴”探讨补肾通腑方对APP/PS1小鼠肠道菌群及LPS/TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响

目的探讨补肾通腑方调控肠道菌群,改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠学习记忆能力的作用机制。方法以APP/PS1小鼠为研究对象,给予补肾通腑方治疗8周,采用Morris水迷宫法观察小鼠空间学习记忆能力变化;16S rDNA检测小鼠肠道菌群丰度、多样性变化;HE染色观察海马病理形态学变化;免疫荧光检测海马区小胶质细胞活化情况;Western blot检测TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6等炎症因子表达。结果与模型组相比,补肾通腑方可以缩短AD模型小鼠逃避潜伏期、游泳路径,增加跨越平台次数(P<0.05),提升肠道菌群多样性,调节肠道菌群丰度,促进海马神经元细胞损伤修复,降低iNOS/Iba1共表达,提高Arg1/Iba1共表达(P<0.01),促进小胶质细胞从M1型向M2型转化,下调TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6等促炎因子的表达。结论补肾通腑方改善AD模型小鼠学习记忆能力的作用机制可能与调节肠道菌群介导的LPS/TLR4/NF-κB通路,从而抑制促炎型小胶质细胞活化、减轻中枢神经系统炎症、改善海马区神经元细胞损伤有关。

基于TLR2/NF-κB信号通路探讨茵陈清肺颗粒对肺炎支原体肺炎小鼠的调控作用及机制

目的:探究茵陈清肺颗粒治疗肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的作用机制和有效靶点。方法:选取SPF级BALB/c小鼠36只,普通饲料适应性喂养3 d后,随机选取6只作为空白组,剩余30只采用肺炎支原体(MP)菌液滴鼻联合高脂饮食和外环境法建立湿热闭肺证模型。成功建立模型后随机分为模型组、阿奇霉素组(给予阿奇霉素90.1 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、茵陈清肺颗粒高(8.109 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)、)、中(5.406 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、低剂量组(2.703 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),模型组及空白组灌服等体积0.9%生理盐水。给药3 d后,在末次给药4 h后取材,HE染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化;RT-qPCR技术检测肺组织TLR2、MyD88、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达水平;Western blot技术检测肺组织TLR2、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果:HE染色结果表明,空白组可见肺泡结构清晰,模型组出现肺实变,大量炎性细胞浸润,血管内大量出血,各给药组均能改善小鼠肺组织病变、细胞浸润及炎症程度。mRNA表达水平检测结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组TLR2、MyD88以及NF-κB p65的mRNA表达显著增高(P<0.01),与模型组比较,除茵陈清肺颗粒低剂量组NF-κB p65外,其余给药组的mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),茵陈清肺颗粒高剂量组TLR2 mRNA表达低于阿奇霉素组(P<0.05)。蛋白表达水平检测结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组TLR2、MyD88以及NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),除茵陈清肺颗粒中剂量组MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达外,其他给药组通路蛋白表达均显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:茵陈清肺颗粒能明显改善MP小鼠肺组织炎性症状,其机制可能与抑制TLR2/NF-κB信号通路相关。

包虫抗原B通过抑制TAZ促进RANKL/NF-κB/TAK1介导的破骨细胞发生

目的探讨包虫抗原B(hydatid antigen-B,Hyd-B)促进破骨细胞发生的分子机制。方法细胞实验分组-1:BMSCs细胞分为Control组、MCSF+RANKL组和MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B组;使用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony-stimulating factor,MCSF)联合可溶性核因子κB受体激活配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand,RANKL),外加/不加Hyd-B联合诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)向破骨细胞分化。细胞实验分组-2:BMSCs细胞分为Ctrl组和Hyd-B处理组(Treat组)。免疫共沉淀(co-IP)法测定Hyd-B对TAZ(transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif)和TAK1(transforming growth factorβ-activated kinase 1)的直接相互作用的影响,使用抗TAK1抗体进行IP、IB检测TAZ的表达。细胞实验分组-3:BMSCs细胞分为Control组、MCSF+RANKL组、MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B组、MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B+TAZ-OE组和MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B+OE-vector组。BMSCs转染腺病毒-TAZ OE或腺病毒-OE vector介导过表达TAZ。qPCR法检测破骨细胞分化标志物TRAP和Cathepsin K mRNA相对表达水平。蛋白质印迹检测细胞核p-P65、细胞质P65、细胞核NFATc1、p-AKT、AKT、p-ERK 1/2、ERK 1/2、p-TAZ、TAZ和TAK1的表达水平。结果与Control组比较,MCSF+RANKL组和MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B组细胞TRAP和Cathepsin K mRNA水平升高(P<0.05);p-P65、p-AKT、p-ERK 1/2水平升高(P<0.05);细胞核内p-P65和NFATc1的水平升高(P<0.05)。与MCSF+RANKL组相比较,MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B组细胞上述指标表达水平进一步升高(P<0.05)。与MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B组相比较,MCSF+RANKL+Hyd-B+TAZ OE组细胞上述指标表达水平降低(P<0.05)。Co-IP结果,与Ctrl组相比较,Treat组中TAZ与TAK1的相互作用增加(P<0.05)。与Ctrl组相比较,Treat组中细胞质p-TAZ磷酸化水平增加(P<0.05),TAZ表达水平降低(P<0.05)。结论Hyd-B通过抑制TAZ上调RANKL/NF-κB/TAK1介导的破骨细胞发生。

HSP110 aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation by promoting NF-κB pathway

Background:Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)poses a significant challenge to liver transplantation(LT).The underlying mechanism primarily involves overactivation of the immune system.Heat shock protein 110(HSP110)functions as a molecular chaperone that helps stabilize protein structures.Methods:An IRI model was established by performing LT on Sprague-Dawley rats,and HSP110 was silenced using siRNA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,TUNEL,immunohistochemistry,ELISA and liver enzyme analysis were performed to assess IRI following LT.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to investigate the pertinent molecular changes.Results:Our findings revealed a significant increase in the expression of HSP110 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the rat liver following LT(P<0.05).However,when rats were injected with siRNAHSP110,IRI subsequent to LT was notably reduced(P<0.05).Additionally,the levels of liver enzymes and inflammatory chemokines in rat serum were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Silencing HSP110 with siRNA resulted in a marked decrease in M1-type polarization of Kupffer cells in the liver and downregulated the NF-κB pathway in the liver(P<0.05).Conclusions:HSP110 in the liver promotes IRI after LT in rats by activating the NF-κB pathway and inducing M1-type polarization of Kupffer cells.Targeting HSP110 to prevent IRI after LT may represent a promising new approach for the treatment of LT-associated IRI.

Downregulation of MUC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Inactivating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 1(MUC1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and its regulatory mechanism.Methods The 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital.The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)in the patients with PNC.The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control(si-control)or siRNA targeting MUC1(si-MUC1).Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells.The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1,NFкB and apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and Bcl-2).Results The expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues,and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection,growth and metastasis of NPC.Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features,including the proliferation and apoptosis,downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells.Conclusion Downregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy,including cell proliferation and apoptosis,by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路探讨加味过敏煎对抗生素加重过敏性哮喘小鼠的抗炎机制

目的:探讨加味过敏煎对抗生素加重过敏性哮喘小鼠的干预作用及潜在作用机制。方法:将40只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组(抗生素加重过敏性哮喘组)、中药组(加味过敏煎组,6.3 g·kg^(-1))、西药组(匹多莫徳联合氨茶碱组,给予匹多莫徳0.0378 g·kg^(-1)+氨茶碱0.2 g·kg^(-1)),每组10只。采用卵清蛋白(OVA)和氢氧化铝凝胶佐剂结合OVA雾化激发的方法建立过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠滴鼻建立抗生素加重过敏性哮喘小鼠模型。雾化激发前30 min灌胃给药,连续给药7 d后检测小鼠肺组织病理变化;ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IgE、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13表达水平;Western blot法检测小鼠肺组织中TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白组相比,抗生素加重过敏性哮喘组支气管结构重度异常,部分支气管上皮细胞脱落,其中还有大量蛋白黏液渗出,支气管周围见大量炎性细胞浸润,肺泡壁明显增厚,肺泡萎缩;血清中IgE、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平升高(P<0.01);TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高(P<0.01);与抗生素加重过敏性哮喘组相比,加味过敏煎组小鼠支气管结构正常,肺泡壁增厚情况显著改善,炎性细胞浸润减轻;血清中IgE、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平显著下降(P<0.01);TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:加味过敏煎可改善抗生素加重过敏性哮喘气道炎症情况,其作用机制可能与调控TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路有关。

Protective effects of Bifi dobacterium breve on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice through secondary bile acid production and FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifi dobacterium breve CCFM683 on psoriasis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.B.breve CCFM683 significantly ameliorated psoriasis in mice as well as elevated the deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(LCA)in the colon compared with those of the imiquimod(IMQ)-treated mice.Meanwhile,B.breve CCFM683 increased the relative abundance of DCA-producing Lachnoclostridium and diminished the harmful Desulfovibrio and Prevotellaceae UCG001.Additionally,the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)in the skin was activated and the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway was inhibited,and the downstream interleukin(IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere downregulated whereas IL-10 was up-regulated.Moreover,the subsequent hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier were improved.In conclusion,CCFM683 administration ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis via modulating gut microbiota,promoting the DCA production,regulating the FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway,diminishing proinflammatory cytokines,and regulating keratinocytes and epidermal barrier.These findings may be conducive to elucidating the mechanism for probiotics to ameliorate psoriasis and to promote its clinical trials in skin disease.

Apatinib reduces liver cancer cell multidrug resistance by modulating NF-κB signaling pathway

Objectives:This investigation aimed to elucidate the inhibitory impact of apatinib on the multidrug resistance of liver cancer both in vivo and in vitro.Methods:To establish a Hep3B/5-Fu resistant cell line,5-Fu concentrations were gradually increased in the culture media.Hep3B/5-Fu cells drug resistance and its alleviation by apatinib were confirmed via flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8)test.Further,Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)siRNA was transfected into Hep3B/5-Fu cells to assess alterations in the expression of multidrug resistance(MDR)-related genes and proteins.Nude mice were injected with Hep3B/5-Fu cells to establish subcutaneous xenograft tumors and then categorized into 8 treatment groups.The treatments included oxaliplatin,5-Fu,and apatinib.In the tumor tissues,the expression of MDRrelated genes was elucidated via qRT-PCR,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot analyses.Results:The apatinibtreated mice indicated slower tumor growth with smaller size compared to the control group.Both the in vivo and in vitro investigations revealed that the apatinib-treated groups had reduced expression of MDR genes GST-pi,LRP,MDR1,and p-p65.Conclusions:Apatinib effectively suppresses MDR in human hepatic cancer cells by modulating the expression of genes related to MDR,potentially by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Branched-chain fatty acids from goat milk alleviate ulcerative colitis via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway

Branched-chain fatty acids(BCFAs)are new bioactive fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties.However,the role of BCFAs in alleviating ulcerative colitis has not been clarified.Herein,we evaluated the protective effect of BCFAs from goat milk in mice with colitis induced using dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)and explored the corresponding mechanism.These results show that BCFAs extracted from goat milk can significantly alleviate weight loss in mice,and reduce the disease activity index and the activity of myeloperoxidase while increasing the content of antioxidant enzymes in colon tissue and reducing the oxidation stress response.These data also show that BCFAs can down-regulate the gene and protein expression of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway,and at the same time significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and IL-18 in colon tissue,and significantly increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.In conclusion,these results demonstrated that BCFAs in goat milk exerted effects on colitis-related inflammatory cytokines and inhibited inflammation by inducing the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis.This study provides evidence for the potential of BCFAs as bioactive fatty acids in food products and to ameliorate ulcerative colitis development in mice.

P300通过Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB信号通路抑制脊柱侧凸大鼠的椎间盘退变

目的探讨组蛋白乙酰化转移酶P300对脊柱侧凸大鼠的椎间盘髓核细胞(nucleus pulposus cells,NPCs)退变的影响和潜在调控机制。方法培养椎间盘NPCs,将NPCs分为4组:无处理组(对照组)、10μg/L白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)诱导NPCs退变组(IL-1β组)、10μg/L IL-1β联合15 mg/L P300处理组(IL-1β+P300组)和15 mg/L P300单独处理组(P300组)。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力。酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的水平。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中性别决定区Y框蛋白9(sex de-termining region Y-box 9,SOX9)、胶原蛋白Ⅱ(collagen typeⅡ,COL-Ⅱ)、基质金属蛋白酶13(matrix metalloproteinase-13,MMP-13)、金属蛋白酶ADAMTS(A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs)-5、核因子κB-α抑制蛋白(IκBα)、磷酸化的IκBα(p-IκBα)、磷酸化的NF-κB P65(p-P65)以及核转录因子红系2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)的表达。另外,将40只成年SPF级雌性SD大鼠分为假手术组、脊柱侧凸组、脊柱侧凸+P300组、脊柱侧凸+P300+Nrf2-IN-3组。其中脊柱侧凸组用手术去除大鼠的双上肢及尾部。脊柱侧凸+P300组建模后静脉注射P300[15 mg/(kg·d),30 d]。脊柱侧凸+P300+Nrf2-IN-3组建模后静脉注射P300[15 mg/(kg·d),30 d]和Nrf2的抑制剂Nrf2-IN-3[23.5 mg/(kg·d),30 d]。30 d后取T12~L1段椎间盘髓核组织,用蛋白质印迹法检测组织中SOX9、COL-Ⅱ、MMP-13、ADAMTS-5的表达。结果与对照组比较,IL-1β组的细胞活力降低,但细胞凋亡增加,TNF-α、IL-6、MMP-13、ADAMTS-5、p-P65、p-IκBα的表达水平上调,SOX9、COL-Ⅱ、IκBα、Nrf2、HO-1的表达水平下调(P均<0.05)。而与IL-1β组比较,IL-1β+P300组的细胞活力增加,细胞凋亡减少,TNF-α、IL-6、MMP-13、ADAMTS-5、p-P65、p-IκBα的表达水平下调,SOX9、COL-Ⅱ、IκBα、Nrf2、HO-1的表达水平上调(P均<0.05)。与假手术组比较,脊柱侧凸组的SOX9和COL-Ⅱ表达水平减少,而MMP-13和ADAMTS-5的表达增加(P均<0.05),与脊柱侧凸组比较,脊柱侧凸+P300组的SOX9和COL-Ⅱ表达水平增加,而MMP-13和ADAMTS-5的表达减少(P均<0.05)。与脊柱侧凸+P300组比较,脊柱侧凸+P300+Nrf2-IN-3组中的SOX9和COL-Ⅱ表达水平减少,而MMP-13和ADAMTS-5的表达增加(P均<0.05)。结论P300通过调控Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB信号通路抑制脊柱侧凸大鼠的椎间盘退变。

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Parthenolide enhances the metronomic chemotherapy effect of cyclophosphamide in lung cancer by inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Parthenolide(PTL),a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the medicinal herb Chrysanthemum parthenium,exhibits various biological effects by targeting NF-kB,STAT3,and other pathways.It has emerged as a promising adjunct therapy for multiple malignancies.AIM To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of PTL on cyclophosphamide(CTX)metronomic chemotherapy.METHODS The cytotoxicity of PTL and CTX on Lewis lung cancer cells(LLC cells)was assessed by measuring cell activity and apoptosis.The anti-tumor efficiency was evaluated using a tumor xenograft mice model,and the survival of mice and tumor volume were monitored.Additionally,the collected tumor tissues were analyzed for tumor microenvironment indicators and inflammatory factors.RESULTS In vitro,PTL demonstrated a synergistic effect with CTX in inhibiting the growth of LLC cells and promoting apoptosis.In vivo,metronomic chemotherapy com-bined with PTL and CTX improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice and reduced tumor growth rate.Furthermore,metronomic chemotherapy combined with PTL and CTX reduced NF-κB activation and improved the tumor immune microenvironment by decreasing tumor angiogenesis,reducing Transforming growth factorβ,andα-SMA positive cells.CONCLUSION PTL is an efficient compound that enhances the metronomic chemotherapy effects of CTX both in vitro and in vivo,suggesting its potential as a supplementary therapeutic strategy in metronomic chemotherapy to improve the chemotherapy effects.

Aszonapyrone A Isolated from Neosartorya spinosa IFM 47025 Inhibits the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activated by Expression of the Ependymoma-Causing Fusion Protein ZFTA-RELA

Ependymoma is a rare and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor, which has resulted in a delay in the development of drugs to treat it. A subclass of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN), designated ST-EPN-zinc finger-translocation-associated (ZFTA, ST-EPN-ZFTA), exhibits the expression of a fusion protein comprising ZFTA and v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), an effector transcription factor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway (ZFTA-RELA). The expression of ZFTA-RELA results in the hyperactivation of the oncogenic NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the development of ST-EPN-ZFTA. To identify inhibitors of the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by the expression of ZFTA-RELA, we used a doxycycline-inducible ZFTA-RELA-expressing NF-κB reporter cell line and found that extracts of the fungus Neosartorya spinosa IFM 47025 exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity. We identified eight compounds [aszonapyrone A (2), sartorypyrone A (3), epiheveadride (4), acetylaszonalenin (5), (R)-benzodiazepinedione (6), aszonalenin (7), sartorypyrone E (8) and (Z, Z)-N,N’-(1,2-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-formamide (9)] from N. spinosa IFM 47025 culture extract using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified through the analysis of various instrumental data (1D, 2D-NMR, MS, and optical rotation). The NF-κB responsive reporter assay indicated that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 exhibited inhibitory activity. We further evaluated the inhibitory activity of these compounds against the expression of endogenous NF-κB responsive genes (CCND1, L1CAM, ICAM1, and TNF) and found that compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activity. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of compound 2, which may serve as a lead compound for the development of a novel therapy for ST-EPN-ZFTA.

Mandarin fish von Hippel-Lindau protein regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway via interaction with IκB to promote fish ranavirus replication

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein(VHL),an E3 ubiquitin ligase,functions as a critical regulator of the oxygen-sensing pathway for targeting hypoxia-inducible factors.Recent evidence suggests that mammalian VHL may also be critical to the NF-κB signaling pathway,although the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Herein,the roles of mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)VHL(scVHL)in the NF-κB signaling pathway and mandarin fish ranavirus(MRV)replication were explored.The transcription of scVHL was induced by immune stimulation and MRV infection,indicating a potential role in innate immunity.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)results demonstrated that scVHL evoked and positively regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway.Treatment with NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitors indicated that the role of scVHL may be mediated through scIKKα,scIKKβ,scIκBα,or scp65.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)analysis identified scIκBαas a novel target protein of scVHL.Moreover,scVHL targeted scIκBαto catalyze the formation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway.Following MRV infection,NF-κB signaling remained activated,which,in turn,promoted MRV replication.These findings suggest that scVHL not only positively regulates NF-κB but also significantly enhances MRV replication.This study reveals a novel function of scVHL in NF-κB signaling and viral infection in fish.

RPRD1B/CREPT facilitates the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by inhibiting apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the role of RPRD1B in the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and its potential as a therapeutic target.Methods:This study analyzed RPRD1B expression in DLBCL and normal tissues using public databases and assessed its prognostic impact through survival analysis.In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the mechanisms by which RPRD1B influences tumor growth and apoptosis.Results:RPRD1B expression was significantly elevated in DLBCL compared to normal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that RPRD1B promoted lymphoma cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusions:RPRD1B plays a critical role in the progression of DLBCL by modulating apoptosis and cellular proliferation.Targeting RPRD1B may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL,suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies.

Pectolinarin inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation in microglial BV_(2) cells via NF-κB signaling pathway

Background:Neuro-inflammation is regarded as one of the critical pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases,which is characterized by the activated microglial cells.Pectolinarin(Pec),a natural flavonoid that exists in many Chinese herbal medicines,has been reported to have various biological activities.However,the effects and mechanisms on neuro-inflammation are not clear.Methods:In this study,the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Pec on neuro-inflammation were investigated in the LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells.BV_(2) microglial cells were treated with Pec or vehicle,followed by LPS.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,real-time quantitative PCR,nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species assay,and western blot were performed to examine the effects of Pec on neuro-inflammatory responses.Results:We showed that Pec significantly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factorαand interleukin 6 in mRNA and protein levels induced by LPS.Moreover,the production of nitric oxide,iNOS,reactive oxygen species,and COX-2 were suppressed by Pec in LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells.In addition,Pec inhibited LPS-induced inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,as evidenced by the reduction of the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase,the degradation of IκBα,and the nuclear translocation of p65.Conclusion:Taken together,Pec exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells via nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,which might provide therapeutic potential for neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Exploring the efficacy of(R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride in mitigating noise-induced hearing loss by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway to reduce inner ear inflammation

Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)is primarily driven by inflammatory processes within the cochlea,where noise exposure triggers the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,leading to an inflammatory cascade.The interaction between increased NLRP3 expression and NF-κB activity can further amplify cochlear inflammation.Our findings reveal that(R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride,a selective inhibitor of the SETD7 enzyme,effectively inhibits the activation of the cochlear NF-κB pathway,suppresses the release of proinflammatory factors,and prevents inflammasome assembly.This intervention disrupts the perpetuating cycle of inflammation,thereby alleviating damage to cochlear hair cells attributed to acoustic trauma.Consequently,(R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride emerges as a promising pharmacological candidate for NIHL,targeting and moderating the excessive immune and inflammatory responses implicated in the pathology of hearing loss.