基于TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路探究白芍总苷对自身免疫性甲状腺炎大鼠炎症损伤的影响

目的探讨白芍总苷对自身免疫性甲状腺炎(AIT)大鼠炎症损伤及TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路的影响。方法实验分为对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、白芍总苷组(TGP)、TLR4抑制剂组(TLR4 inhibitor)和TGP+TLR4激动剂组(TGP+TLR4 agonist),每组各10只。除Control组外,其余各组大鼠采用皮下注射甲状腺球蛋白与弗氏佐剂诱导AIT大鼠模型。给药6周后,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察甲状腺组织病理学变化;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清TPOAb、TgAb、TSH、T3、T4、TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-18水平;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测甲状腺组织TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与Control组相比,Model组大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮明显受损,TPOAb、TgAb、TSH、T3、T4、TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-18水平升高(P<0.01),TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P<0.01)。与Model组相比,TGP组、TLR4 inhibitor组大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮损伤减轻,TPOAb、TgAb、TSH、T3、T4、TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-18水平降低(P<0.01),TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)。与TGP组相比,TGP+TLR4 agonist组大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮损伤加重,TPOAb、TgAb、TSH、T3、T4、TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-18水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路mRNA和蛋白表达增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论TGP通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路,改善甲状腺组织炎症损伤发挥甲状腺保护作用。

清热祛浊胶囊对非酒精性脂肪肝炎小鼠NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路的调控机制研究

[目的]研究清热祛浊胶囊(QRQZ)对非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)模型小鼠的治疗效果及对核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)/核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)信号通路的影响。[方法]通过蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏(MCD)饮食诱导建立NASH小鼠模型,并灌胃不同剂量的QRQZ。通过检测各组小鼠体质量、肝指数、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC),肝苏木素-伊红(HE)染色及油红O染色评估QRQZ对NASH模型小鼠的治疗作用;通过检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平评估QRQZ对NASH模型小鼠氧化应激水平;通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平评估QRQZ对NASH模型小鼠炎症的影响;通过检测磷酸化核因子κB抑制蛋白(p-IκB)、磷酸化核转录因子κB P65(p-NF-κB P65)、NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶1(cleaved Caspase-1)、mature IL-1β的蛋白水平以及NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β的mRNA表达来评估QRQZ对NASH小鼠NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路的影响。[结果] QRQZ可改善MCD引起的体质量减轻,降低肝指数,降低血清ALT、AST活性及TC、TG水平,同时改善肝组织病理学变化,提示QRQZ对NASH模型小鼠具有治疗作用;此外,QRQZ提升肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低了MDA水平,降低了IL-6、IL-1β、iuTNF-α炎症因子水平,提示了QRQZ的抗氧化及抗炎作用;进一步研究发现QRQZ降低了IκB与P65的磷酸化水平,减少NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白及基因表达。提示QRQZ干预抑制了NASH小鼠NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路活化。[结论] QRQZ对NASH模型小鼠具有治疗作用,并且可以提升抗氧化能力改善炎症,其作用机制可能与抑制NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路活化有关。

α-倒捻子素通过NF-κB途径抑制LPS/ATP诱导的小胶质细胞中NLRP3炎症小体的激活

目的探究α-倒捻子素(α-mangostin)在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞炎症模型中作用及相关机制。方法体外培养小鼠小胶质细胞系BV-2细胞,利用脂多糖和三磷酸腺苷(LPS/ATP)联合诱导的方式建立BV-2炎症模型。CCK-8法检测不同浓度(0、10、20、40、80μmol/L)的α-mangostin对LPS/ATP刺激下的细胞增殖活力影响以筛选适宜的α-mangostin浓度范围;将BV-2细胞分为Ctrl组、LPS/ATP组、40μmol/Lα-mangostin组和不同浓度(10、20、40μmol/L)的α-mangostin干预组(分别记为LPS/ATP+10μmol/Lα-mangostin组、LPS/ATP+20μmol/Lα-mangostin组与LPS/ATP+40μmol/Lα-mangostin组)。ELISA实验检测各组BV-2细胞上清液中促炎因子白介素-6/1β/18(IL-6、IL-1β、IL-18)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量,Western blot检测各组细胞中NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体相关蛋白NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、裂解型半胱氨酸蛋白酶1(cleaved caspase-1)和白介素1β(IL-1β)表达及核因子κB(NF-κB)途径中p65的磷酸化水平(p-p65/p65)和BV-2细胞核中p65的表达。结果与Ctrl组相比,LPS/ATP组细胞增殖活力明显降低(P<0.05),但低浓度(10、20、40μmol/L)的α-mangostin可显著改善LPS/ATP对小胶质细胞增殖活力的抑制作用(P<0.05),但高浓度(80μmol/L)α-mangostin可促进LPS/ATP对小胶质细胞的损伤(P<0.05)。与Ctrl组相比,40μmol/Lα-mangostin组小胶质细胞上清液中炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α含量和细胞中NLRP3、ASC、cleaved caspase-1、IL-1β和p-p65/p65比值及细胞核中p65蛋白均无明显改变(P>0.05),而LPS/ATP组均显著增加(P<0.05);与LPS/ATP组相比,不同浓度α-mangostin干预组中IL-6、IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α含量和BV-2细胞中NLRP3、ASC、cleaved caspase-1、IL-1β和p-p65/p65比值及细胞核中p65蛋白表达随α-mangostin浓度的增加而依次降低,其中以LPS/ATP+40μmol/Lα-mangostin组的降低程度最为明显(P<0.01)。结论α-mangostin可通过NF-κB途径抑制BV-2细胞中NLRP3炎性小体活化所介导的神经炎症反应。

基于TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路探讨黄连解毒汤对冠状动脉性心脏病小鼠心肌保护作用

目的 研究基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)/NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)信号通路探讨黄连解毒汤对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)小鼠心肌保护作用。方法 50只6周的雄性SD小鼠中取10只作正常对照组,其余小鼠给予高脂饮食建立CHD模型。采用随机数字表法将40只模型小鼠分为模型组、黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组每日分别以10、20、40 g/kg剂量进行灌胃,每日1次,持续6周;正常组、模型组每日给予等量蒸馏水灌胃。干预后采用生化法检测各组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛、内皮素水平;采用苏木精-伊红染色法观察小鼠心肌细胞病理形态,蛋白质印迹法检测心肌组织中TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3的表达。比较各组小鼠血脂、心肌组织中抗氧化相关指标和TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3的表达。结果 模型组、黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组血脂水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);黄连解毒汤低剂量组与模型组血脂水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);黄连解毒汤中、高剂量组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL水平均低于模型组,HDL水平高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模型组、黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组心肌组织中SOD水平均低于对照组,丙二醛、内皮素水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组SOD水平均高于模型组,丙二醛、内皮素水平均低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组心肌纤维排列整齐,横纹清晰且细胞完整,无细胞肿胀、炎症浸润等;模型组心肌纤维排列紊乱,结构发生异常,有严重细胞肿胀、炎症浸润;黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组未见心肌纤维断裂,黄连解毒汤中、高剂量组细胞肿胀和炎症浸润情况优于黄连解毒汤低剂量组,黄连解毒汤高剂量组优于黄连解毒汤中剂量组。模型组、黄连解毒汤中、高剂量组TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达量均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达量均低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且黄连解毒汤各剂量组中以上指标变化呈剂量依赖性。结论 黄连解毒汤能降低CHD小鼠血脂水平,保护心肌细胞,其能够通过下调组织TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达以调节血脂水平并改善心肌功能,且黄连解毒汤的效果随着剂量的增加而增强。

三叶青黄酮通过TLR4/NF-κB通路调控NLRP3小体激活改善大鼠心肌细胞缺氧再复氧损伤的作用及机制

目的探究三叶青黄酮(RTHF)对大鼠心肌细胞缺氧再复氧(H/R)损伤的作用及其可能机制。方法以大鼠心肌细胞H9C2为研究对象,分为对照组、H/R组、H/R+低浓度RTHF(L-RTHF)组(25μg/mL)、H/R+中浓度RTHF(M-RTHF)组(50μg/mL)和H/R+高浓度RTHF(H-RTHF)组(100μg/mL)。通过CCK-8法检测各组细胞活力;试剂盒检测各组细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量;DCFH-DA探针法检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)和Western blot检测各组细胞中NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、消皮素D的N端切割产物(GSDMD-N)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、磷酸化核因子κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)、核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)的表达水平。结果与对照组比较,H/R组H9C2细胞活力[(71.33±1.70)%比(100.00±2.94)%,P<0.01]、SOD水平[(15.54±0.36)U/mg prot比(34.54±0.87)U/mg prot,P<0.01]降低,ROS相对DCF强度[(3.72±0.12)比(1.00±0.10),P<0.01]和LDH水平[(387.57±9.37)U/L比(182.80±11.53)U/L,P<0.01]升高,NLRP3[(2.75±0.04)比(1.00±0.02)、(4.71±0.18)比(1.00±0.11),P<0.01]、Caspase-1[(3.02±0.11)比(1.00±0.06)、(3.33±0.09)比(1.00±0.12),P<0.01]、ASC[(3.32±0.12)比(1.00±0.09)、(5.30±0.15)比(1.00±0.10),P<0.01]、GSDMD-N[(3.69±0.14)比(1.00±0.13)、(3.23±0.08)比(1.00±0.06),P<0.01]、TLR4[(4.00±0.12)比(1.00±0.09)、(5.68±0.20)比(1.00±0.10),P<0.01]、p-NF-κB p65[(6.81±0.16)比(1.00±0.10)、(3.25±0.07)比(1.00±0.05),P<0.01]相对mRNA和蛋白水平升高;与H/R组比较,H/R+M-RTHF组和H/R+H-RTHF组的细胞活力[(77.00±2.16)%、(82.00±2.16)%比(71.33±1.70)%,P<0.05或P<0.01]、SOD水平[(23.43±1.50)U/mg prot、(28.66±1.22)U/mg prot比(15.54±0.36)U/mg prot,P<0.05或P<0.01]升高,ROS[(3.24±0.05)、(2.57±0.04)比(3.72±0.12),P<0.05或P<0.01]、LDH[(332.77±5.76)U/L、(253.36±9.43)U/L比(387.57±9.37)U/L,P<0.05或P<0.01]水平降低,NLRP3[(1.86±0.06)、(1.56±0.09)比(2.75±0.04),(2.97±0.11)、(1.86±0.06)比(4.71±0.18),P<0.05或P<0.01]、Caspase-1[(2.06±0.13)、(1.27±0.06)比(3.02±0.11),(2.12±0.15)、(1.42±0.09)比(3.33±0.09),P<0.05或P<0.01]、ASC[(2.40±0.25)、(2.19±0.14)比(3.32±0.12),(2.46±0.08)、(1.28±0.05)比(5.30±0.15),P<0.05或P<0.01]、GSDMD-N[(2.43±0.07)、(2.19±0.13)比(3.69±0.14),(1.91±0.07)、(1.46±0.07)比(3.23±0.08),P<0.05或P<0.01]、TLR4[(3.52±0.09)、(1.88±0.11)比(4.00±0.12),(4.04±0.32)、(2.07±0.07)比(5.68±0.20),P<0.05或P<0.01]、p-NF-κB p65[(4.09±0.12)、(3.03±0.20)比(6.81±0.16),(1.93±0.31)、(1.39±0.12)比(3.25±0.07),P<0.05或P<0.01]相对mRNA和蛋白水平降低,且这种变化呈现RTHF剂量依赖性。结论在H/R诱导的大鼠心肌细胞中,RTHF可能通过抑制ROS和TLR4/NF-κB通路调控NLRP3小体激活,进而抑制细胞焦亡。

大黄蛰虫丸调节IL-1β/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路对动脉粥样硬化大鼠主动脉炎性损伤的影响

目的 探讨大黄蛰虫丸调节IL-1β/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路对动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠主动脉炎性损伤的影响。方法 将40只大鼠分为正常对照组(NS)、模型组、地奥心血康干预组(阳性组)及大黄蛰虫丸干预组(大黄蛰虫丸组),每组各10只。除正常组外,余下3组小鼠均构建AS模型。应用油红染色对主动脉病理切片情况进行观察,采用EILSA法检测血清脂质水平[甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]、血清炎症指标(IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平);应用流式细胞术对外周血Th17/Treg细胞水平进行检测,并通过RT-qPCR法和Western blot分别检测IL-1β/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路mRNA和蛋白表达水平,并计算AI指数。结果 除NC组大鼠以外,其他各组大鼠动脉组织中均出现内膜增厚、斑块沉积和不连续、大量炎症细胞浸润等现象;其中模型组动脉组织损伤现象最为显著,阳性组和大黄蛰虫丸组较模型组明显改善,动脉组织结构情况与NC组相近。模型组血清TC[(9.82±1.46)mmol/L]、TG[(9.82±1.46)mmol/L]、LDL-C[(2.93±0.22)mmol/L]、IL-6[(97.65±9.11)ng/L]、TNF-α[(93.21±11.17)ng/L]水平及外周血Th17[(3.56±0.34)%]、Treg细胞[(4.41±0.38)%]水平高于NC组[分别为(3.71±0.57)mmol/L、(6.47±0.92)mmol/L、(0.94±0.15)mmol/L、(16.52±2.76)ng/L、(5.45±0.84)ng/L、(1.83±0.16)%、(7.72±0.73)%](均P<0.05),HDL-C水平[(2.92±0.31)mmol/L]低于NC组[(0.95±0.08)mmol/L](P<0.05);与模型组相比,大黄蜇虫丸组和阳性组血清TC[分别为(3.92±0.72)mmol/L、(3.71±0.65)mmol/L]、TG[分别为(6.71±0.83)mmol/L、(6.83±0.72)mmol/L]、LDL-C[分别为(1.15±0.11)mmol/L、(1.11±0.13)mmol/L]、IL-6[分别为(19.83±2.55)ng/L、(18.51±3.72)ng/L]、TNF-α[分别为(17.08±1.72)ng/L、(15.92±1.56)ng/L]水平及外周血Th17[分别为(2.11±0.25)%、(2.06±0.22)%]、Treg细胞[分别为(7.45±0.76)%、(7.31±0.72)%]水平偏低,HDL-C偏高[分别为(2.18±0.72)mmol/L、(2.23±0.61)mmol/L],趋近于NC组(均P<0.05)。与NC组AI指数(0.35±0.08)比较,模型组、阳性组和大黄蛰虫丸组(分别为9.71±2.04、1.21±0.15、0.83±0.17)均明显升高(均P<0.05),其中阳性组和大黄蛰虫丸组AI指数低于模型组(均P<0.05)。模型组大鼠的IL-6、TNF-α水平和外周血IL-1β、NF-κB、NLRP3 mRNA和信号通路蛋白表达水平均较NC组、阳性组和大黄蛰虫组明显偏高(均P<0.05)。结论 大黄蛰虫丸对动脉粥样硬化大鼠主动脉的炎性损伤可能具有明显的改善作用,可能是通过抑制IL-1β/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路来实现治疗效果。

STING高表达通过调控TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路和影响炎症与凋亡水平促进小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤

目的探讨STING在肾缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)中的表达水平以及相关作用机制。方法在体内水平,将24只C57BL/6小鼠分为假手术组(Sham)、IRI组、IRI+药物溶剂组(IRI+DMSO)、IRI+SN-011组,6只/组。通过肾动脉夹闭方法建立IRI模型,通过血清肌酐和尿素氮检测、PAS染色检测肾组织损伤变化,采用RT-qPCR、ELISA、Western blotting和IHC法检测肾组织中STING、KIM-1、Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3、TLR4、P65、NLRP3、caspase-1、CD68、MPO、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的水平。在体外水平,将HK-2细胞分为对照组、缺氧复氧(H/R)组、H/R+药物溶剂组(H/R+DMSO)、H/R+SN-011组,用厌氧包模拟缺氧环境,RT-qPCR和Western blotting法检测STING表达水平,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率。结果在体内水平,与Sham组相比,IRI组的PAS染色显示组织损伤增加(P<0.05),小鼠血清肌酐、尿素氮含量以及组织KIM-1、STING、TLR4、P65、NLRP3、caspase-1、caspase-3、Bax、CD68、MPO、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平升高(P<0.05),Bcl-2水平降低(P<0.05),SN-011抑制STING表达后,逆转了上述结果(P<0.05)。在体外水平,与对照组相比,H/R组STING的mRNA与蛋白水平升高(P<0.05),流式细胞仪检测显示细胞凋亡率上升(P<0.05),SN-011抑制STING表达,细胞凋亡率下降(P<0.05)。结论STING在肾脏IRI中表达水平上升,且可通过作用于TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路以及影响炎症与凋亡水平促进肾损伤。

金茵清热口服液通过NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路改善小鼠急性肺损伤

目的探究金茵清热口服液对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及机制。方法C57BL/6J小鼠按随机数字表法分为6组:空白对照组、模型对照组、金茵清热口服液小剂量组、金茵清热口服液中剂量组、金茵清热口服液大剂量组和地塞米松组。除空白对照组,其他各组气管滴注LPS溶液(5 mg·kg^(-1))构建小鼠急性肺损伤模型,金茵清热口服液低中高组连续灌胃给药3 d。24 h后,6组分别取小鼠肺组织和支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar larage fluid,BALF)进行后续检测,HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织病理损伤;检测肺泡灌洗液总细胞数;BCA法检测BALF的总蛋白含量;ELISA法检测BALF中炎性细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的含量;免疫组化和Western blotting法检测肺组织核因子κB(NF-κB)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)蛋白的表达情况。结果与模型对照组比较,金茵清热口服液减轻了肺组织的病理学损伤(P<0.05),降低了肺泡灌洗液中总细胞数、总蛋白含量和IgM的表达(P<0.05),肺泡灌洗液中炎性细胞因子的TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达(P<0.01),肺组织NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论金茵清热口服液减轻了LPS诱导小鼠肺损伤的病理损伤,降低了炎性渗出和炎性细胞因子的表达,其作用机制可能是通过调控NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路,为其临床应用提供理论依据。

苦豆碱通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路改善香烟烟雾诱导的人支气管上皮细胞损伤

目的探究苦豆碱(Alo)对香烟烟雾诱导的人支气管上皮细胞损伤的作用及其可能的作用机制。方法16HBE人支气管上皮细胞经100 mL/L香烟烟雾提取物(CSE)和(50、100、200)μmol/L Alo共处理后,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL)、Western blot法检测细胞凋亡,ELISA检测炎性因子水平;2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)荧光探针和相关试剂盒检测氧化应激水平;Western blot法检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子κB(NF-κB)/含pyrin结构域核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体家族蛋白3(NLRP3)通路相关蛋白表达水平。16HBE细胞经100 mL/L CSE和200μmol/L Alo共处理后,采用上述方法检测过表达TLR4对TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路、细胞LDH活性、凋亡、炎症反应及氧化应激的影响。结果CSE暴露可降低16HBE细胞活力,增加LDH释放和细胞凋亡,增强炎症反应和氧化应激水平,且激活TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路;经Alo处理后,细胞活性升高,LDH释放减少、凋亡降低、炎症减轻、氧化应激水平下降,且TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路失活;TLR4过表达可逆转Alo处理对CSE诱导的16HBE细胞损伤的保护作用。结论Alo可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路减轻CSE诱导的人支气管上皮细胞损伤。

二甲双胍通过抑制NF-κB/NLRP3通路改善草酸钙诱导人肾小管上皮细胞损伤研究

目的研究二甲双胍(metformin,Met)通过抑制NF-κBNLRP3通路改善草酸钙(Calcium Oxalate,CaOx)诱导人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)损伤。方法分别随机将人肾小管上皮细胞分成对照组、实验组(CaOx+HK-2)、高浓度Met组(CaOx+HK-2+1.2 mM Met)、低浓度Met组(CaOx+HK-2+0.80 mM Met)、通路干预组(CaOx+HK-2+PDTC)五组。各组细胞培养24 h,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(Elisa)法检测细胞上清液中炎症因子(IL-6、IL-18、IL-1β),采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测细胞中NF-κB、NLRP3、骨桥蛋白(OPN)mRNA。结果各组间细胞上清液IL-6、IL-18、IL-1β含量相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);各组间细胞中NF-κBmRNA表达量、NLRP3mRNA表达量、OPNmRNA表达量相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论1.20 mmol/L或0.80 mmol/L Met可以通过抑制NF-κB/NLRP3通路调控下游的炎症相关蛋白及黏附蛋白表达,继而改善CaOx诱导人肾小管上皮细胞损伤及减少草酸钙肾结石形成。

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

基于TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路探讨柴胡皂苷B2对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨柴胡皂苷B2对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响。方法大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、依那普利(10 mg/kg)组和柴胡皂苷B2低、中、高剂量组(5、10、20 mg/kg),每组12只。除假手术组外,其余5组建立单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型,各组灌胃给予相应药物,每天1次,连续给药2周。全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清中血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)水平,ELISA法检测大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平,Masson染色观察大鼠肾组织病理学变化,试剂盒检测大鼠肾组织中肾上腺髓质素(ADM)水平,免疫组化法检测大鼠肾组织中E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)阳性表达,Western blot法检测大鼠肾组织中TLR4、NF-κB、p-NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠肾组织可见肾小管扩张,上皮细胞出现部分空泡化,肾间质内大量炎性细胞浸润、纤维细胞生成及胶原纤维沉积,血清BUN、Scr、TNF-α、IL-1β水平、肾组织TGF-β1阳性表达、TLR4、p-NF-κB/NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),肾组织ADM水平、E-cadherin阳性表达降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,柴胡皂苷B2各剂量组大鼠肾脏病变逐渐减轻,血清BUN、Scr、TNF-α、IL-1β水平,肾组织TGF-β1阳性表达,TLR4、p-NF-κB/NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05),肾组织ADM水平、E-cadherin阳性表达均升高(P<0.05);与柴胡皂苷B2高剂量组比较,依那普利组上述指标无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论柴胡皂苷B2能够缓解UUO大鼠肾间质纤维化,改善肾功能和炎症反应,可能与抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路的表达有关。

miR-143-3p靶向调控TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3通路对溃疡性结肠炎细胞焦亡的影响

目的研究miR-143-3p对LPS+ATP诱导HCT-116细胞焦亡的影响。方法双荧光素酶检测miR-143-3p与TLR2基因靶向关系。转染miR-143-3p mimic后建立焦亡模型,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,生化法检测Caspase-1活性及LDH含量;ELISA法检测IL-1β、IL-18含量。q-PCR检测NF-κB、TLR2、NLRP3、GSDMD mRNA水平;免疫荧光检测NLRP3、ASC蛋白表达;Western blot检测TLR2、GSDMD、p-NF-κB p65、cleave Caspase-1蛋白表达。结果双荧光素酶检测发现miR-143-3p靶向调控TLR2表达。miR-143-3p mimic组和si TLR2组较模型组细胞中NF-κB、TLR2、NLRP3、GSDMD mRNA表达及TLR2、GSDMD、p-NF-κB p65、cleave Caspase-1、ASC、NLRP3蛋白表达降低;Caspase-1活性及LDH、IL-1β、IL-18含量降低。结论miR-143-3p靶向TLR2基因调控NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1信号通路调控溃疡性结肠炎细胞焦亡。

羟基积雪草苷通过抑制NF-κB/NLRP3细胞焦亡通路缓解间质性膀胱炎

目的 通过NF-κB/NLRP3介导的细胞焦亡途径探究羟基积雪草苷对间质性膀胱炎的相关作用。方法 通过脂多糖建立体外间质性膀胱炎细胞模型,使用不同浓度的羟基积雪草苷处理,采用MTT、单层细胞划痕伤口实验、实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹实验检测羟基积雪草苷对SV-HUC-1细胞间质性膀胱炎体外模型中细胞活力,伤口愈合能力和NF-κB/NLRP3通路介导的细胞焦亡相关蛋白和mRNA的表达的作用。结果 体外细胞实验结果显示,与模型组相比,羟基积雪草苷能改善细胞活力和伤口愈合能力,并抑制细胞模型中NF-κB/NLRP3通路介导的细胞焦亡相关蛋白和mRNA的表达。结论 在脂多糖诱导的SV-HUC-1细胞间质性膀胱炎体外模型中,羟基积雪草苷可通过抑制NF-κB/NLRP3通路介导的细胞焦亡从而发挥对膀胱上皮细胞的保护作用。

积雪草酸通过调控TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路改善非酒精性脂肪肝的机制研究

探究天然活性成分积雪草酸(asiatic acid,AA)对高脂饮食导致的非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的改善作用及机制。取雄性C57BL/6J小鼠40只,分为正常组、模型组、AA低剂量组、AA高剂量组,高脂饮食4周后给予AA干预,持续12周;实验结束后,称量肝脏重量并计算肝脏指数;通过分光光度法测定小鼠血清中脂肪肝相关生化指标的含量;通过酶联免疫吸附(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测小鼠血清中相关炎症因子的表达水平;通过免疫印记法检测小鼠肝脏中TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路相关蛋白的表达;通过多种染色法观察小鼠肝脏病理学变化。结果显示:AA可以有效改善NAFLD小鼠的一般指标,生化指标、炎症因子及TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路相关蛋白的表达。AA可以通过下调TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路,抑制肝脏炎症,改善NAFLD。

基于TLR4/NF-κB通路探究NLRP3对铜绿假单胞菌的清除机制

目的基于TLR4/NF-κB通路探究NLRP3对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)的清除机制。方法采用PA感染的HP-1诱导分化的巨噬细胞和原代人单核来源巨噬细胞,然后沉默巨噬细胞中NLRP3(si-NLRP3)和TLR4(si-TLR4),用ELISA检测上清液中IL-1β和IL-8的表达水平;RT-PCR检测细胞中NLRP3、caspase-1 mRNA表达;蛋白质印迹检测细胞中TLR4、p-NF-κB P65蛋白表达。结果铜绿假单胞菌感染的THP-1诱导分化的巨噬细胞和原代人单核来源巨噬细胞hMDMs上清液中IL-1β、IL-8水平、NLRP3、caspase-1 mRNA表达及TLR4、p-NF-κB P65蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05)。和si-NC组相比,THP-1诱导分化的巨噬细胞和原代人单核来源巨噬细胞hMDMs沉默NLRP3和TLR4后的si-NLRP3和si-TLR4组上清液中IL-1β、IL-8表达、NLRP3、caspase-1 mRNA表达及TLR4、p-NF-κB P65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。和si-NC组相比,沉默PA感染的THP-1巨噬细胞和原代人单核来源巨噬细胞hMDMs中NLRP3和TLR4表达细胞清除率明显增加(P<0.05)。结论沉默NLRP3可增加巨噬细胞对PA的清除作用,其作用机制可能和抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路激活有关。

HMGB1通过TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路介导内皮细胞焦亡在系统性血管炎中的作用机制

目的探究高迁移率族蛋白1(High Mobility Group Box Protein1, HMGB1)通过(Toll-like Receptor4,TLR4)/核因子κB(Nuclear Factor Kappa-B, NF-κB)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like Receptor Thermal Protein Domain Associated Protein 3, NLRP3)信号通路介导内皮细胞焦亡在系统性血管炎中的作用机制。方法 研究于2021年10月—2023年9月在齐齐哈尔医学院附属第三医院开展。取人脐静脉血管内皮细胞进行培养,随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组加入人重组HMGB1,对比对照组与实验组、实验组NLRP3及TLR4表达抑制前后,内皮细胞焦亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 系统性血管炎组与健康对照组比较,人脐静脉血管内皮细胞中HMGB1、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-1(caspase-1)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18, IL-18)水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。细胞实验中实验组与对照组比较,caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。过表达HMGB1并抑制NLRP3可使NLRP3(2.71±0.59 vs 1.24±0.58)、caspase-1(0.69±0.12 vs 0.40±0.03)、IL-1β[(1.75±0.31)pg/mL vs (1.16±0.12)pg/mL]、IL-18[(0.15±0.04)pg/mL vs (0.09±0.01)pg/mL]水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);过表达HMGB1并抑制TLR4可使TLR4(4.93±1.04 vs 1.96±0.84)、NF-κB(5.62±1.39 vs 2.15±1.04)、NLRP3(2.71±0.59 vs 1.24±0.58)、caspase-1(0.69±0.12 vs 0.40±0.03)、IL-1β[(1.75±0.31)pg/mL vs (1.16±0.12)pg/mL]、IL-18[(0.15±0.04)pg/mL vs (0.09±0.01)pg/mL]水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 HMGB1通过调节TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路介导内皮细胞焦亡,进而改善系统性血管炎。

Calcitriol attenuates liver fibrosis through hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1-mediated TGF β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways

BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a serious condition,and the development of hepatic fibrosis can lead to a series of complications.However,the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear,and effective therapy options are still lacking.Our group identified hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3-transactivated protein 1(NS3TP1) by suppressive subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics analysis,but its role in diseases including hepatic fibrosis remains undefined.Therefore,additional studies on the function of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed to provide new targets for treatment.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of NS3TP1 in hepatic fibrosis and the regulatory effects of calcitriol on NS3TP1.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and separated into three groups,comprising the normal,fibrosis,and calcitriol treatment groups,and liver fibrosis was modeled by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).To evaluate the level of hepatic fibrosis in every group,serological and pathological examinations of the liver were conducted.TGF-β1 was administered to boost the in vitro cultivation of LX-2 cells.NS3TP1,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,and collagen Ⅲ in every group were examined using a Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in each group of cells transfected with pcDNA-NS3TP1 or siRNA-NS3TP1 was detected.The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student’s t test.RESULTS NS3TP1 promoted the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and enhanced hepatic fibrosis via the TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as evidenced by the presence of α-SMA,collagen I,collagen Ⅲ,p-smad3,and p-p65 in LX-2 cells,which were upregulated after NS3TP1 overexpression and downregulated after NS3TP1 interference.The proliferation of HSCs was lowered after NS3TP1 interference and elevated after NS3TP1 overexpression,as shown by the luciferase assay.NS3TP1 inhibited the apoptosis of HSCs.Moreover,both Smad3 and p65 could bind to NS3TP1,and p65 increased the promoter activity of NS3TP1,while NS3TP1 increased the promoter activity of TGFβ1 receptor I,as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assay results.Both in vivo and in vitro,treatment with calcitriol dramatically reduced the expression of NS3TP1.Calcitriol therapy-controlled HSCs activation,proliferation,and differentiation and substantially suppressed CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.Furthermore,calcitriol modulated the activities of the above signaling pathways via downregulation of NS3TP1.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that calcitriol may be employed as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic fibrosis and that NS3TP1 is a unique,prospective therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis.

Mechanism of Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the treatment of gouty arthritis

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanshi decoction on BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathwaymediated macrophage pyroptosis,so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Sanshi decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:THP-1 was induced into macrophages with foboside and the divided into the control group,model group,low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose group of Sanshi decoction,and BRD4 inhibitor group.Except for the control group,the remaining groups were induced with monosodium urate crystals to construct a gouty arthritis cell model.The activity of macrophages was detected by CCK8,the level of macrophage pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of LDH,the content of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of related proteins in the BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,macrophage activity was decreased in the model group,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,contents of IL-1β and IL-18,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly up-regulated,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Compared with the model group,macrophage activity was up-regulated in the Sanshi Decoction,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,IL-1β and IL-18 contents,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly decreased with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusion:Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation,thus improving the inflammation level of gouty arthritis.

To investigate the effect of Shenqi Tiaoshen Formula on CSE induced inflammatory response of MH-S cells based on TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway

Objective:To study the effects of Shenqi Tiaoshen Formula(SQTS)on the inflammatory response of MH-S cells induced by cigarette smoking extract(CSE)and its mechanism based on TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway.Methods:MH-S cells were used as subjects to evaluate cell viability by CCK-8 method.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA.ROS were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway protein,and TAK-242,a TLR4 inhibitor,was used to verify the role of SQTS in the TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway.Results:Compared with blank group,the cell survival rate of CSE group was decreased,and the contents of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 were increased(P<0.05),ROS fluorescence expression level was significantly increased(P<0.01),TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway protein expression was significantly increased(P<0.05);Compared with CSE group,the survival rate of cells in SQTS groups was increased,and the expression levels of the above indexes were decreased(P<0.05),and TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway protein decreased in TAK-242 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:SQTS can reduce the inflammatory response of MH-S cells induced by CSE by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway.