Heyingwuzi formulation alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the primary cause of visual problems in patients with diabetes.The Heyingwuzi formulation(HYWZF)is effective against DR.AIM To determine the HYWZF prevention mechanisms,especially those underlying mitophagy.METHODS Human retinal capillary endothelial cells(HRCECs)were treated with high glucose(hg),HYWZF serum,PX-478,or Mdivi-1 in vitro.Then,cell counting kit-8,transwell,and tube formation assays were used to evaluate HRCEC proliferation,invasion,and tube formation,respectively.Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology,and Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels.Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and mitochondrial membrane potential.Moreover,C57BL/6 mice were established in vivo using streptozotocin and treated with HYWZF for four weeks.Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored continuously.Changes in retinal characteristics were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin,tar violet,and periodic acid-Schiff staining.Protein levels in retinal tissues were determined via Western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and immunostaining.RESULTS HYWZF inhibited excessive ROS production,apoptosis,tube formation,and invasion in hg-induced HRCECs via mitochondrial autophagy in vitro.It increased the mRNA expression levels of BCL2-interacting protein 3(BNIP3),FUN14 domain-containing 1,BNIP3-like(BNIP3L,also known as NIX),PARKIN,PTEN-induced kinase 1,and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α.Moreover,it downregulated the protein levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and increased the light chain 3-II/I ratio.However,PX-478 and Mdivi-1 reversed these effects.Additionally,PX-478 and Mdivi-1 rescued the effects of HYWZF by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis and increasing mitophagy.HYWZF intervention improved the symptoms of diabetes,tissue damage,number of acellular capillaries,and oxidative stress in vivo.Furthermore,in vivo experiments confirmed the results of in vitro experiments.CONCLUSION HYWZF alleviated DR and associated damage by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis.

Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review

In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system.This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers.The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise.Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to exercise.Apart from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain.Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions.In several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested.However,the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown.In the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.

Magnesium-L-threonate treats Alzheimer's disease by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Magnesium-L-threonate has recently been found to have protective effects on learning and memory in aged and Alzheimer's disease model mice. However, the effects of magnesium-L-threonate on the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease remain unknown. Previously, we reported that magnesium-L-threonate treatment improved cognition and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a double-transgenic line of Alzheimer's disease model mice expressing the amyloid-β precursor protein and mutant human presenilin 1(APP/PS1). Here, we performed 16S r RNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze changes in the microbiome and serum metabolome following magnesium-Lthreonate exposure in a similar mouse model. Magnesium-L-threonate modulated the abundance of three genera in the gut microbiota, decreasing Allobaculum and increasing Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter. We also found that differential metabolites in the magnesiumL-threonate-regulated serum were enriched in various pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The western blotting detection on intestinal tight junction proteins(zona occludens 1, occludin, and claudin-5) showed that magnesium-L-threonate repaired the intestinal barrier dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that magnesium-L-threonate may reduce the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in model mice, providing an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Oridonin restores hepatic lipid homeostasis in an LXRa-ATGL/EPT1 axis-dependent manner

Hepatosteatosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of triglycerides(TG),leading to prolonged and chronic inflammatory infiltration.To date,there is still a lack of effective and economical therapies for hepatosteatosis.Oridonin(ORI)is a major bioactive component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens.In this paper,we showed that ORI exerted significant protective effects against hepatic steatosis,inflammation and fibrosis,which was dependent on LXRa signaling.It is reported that LXRa regulated lipid homeostasis between triglyceride(TG)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)by promoting ATGL and EPT1 expression.Therefore,we implemented the lipidomic strategy and luciferase reporter assay to verify that ORI contributed to the homeostasis of lipids via the regulation of the ATGL gene associated with TG hydrolysis and the EPT1 gene related to PE synthesis in a LXRadependent manner,and the results showed the TG reduction and PE elevation.In detail,hepatic TG overload and lipotoxicity were reversed after ORI treatment by modulating the ATGL and EPT1 genes,respectively.Taken together,the data provide mechanistic insights to explain the bioactivity of ORI in attenuating TG accumulation and cytotoxicity and introduce exciting opportunities for developing novel natural activators of the LXRa-ATGL/EPT1 axis for pharmacologically treating hepatosteatosis and metabolic disorders.

SDC1 acts as a novel molecular marker and prevents rheumatoid arthritis and modulates inflammatory response by targeting the miR-4531/SDC1 axis

Objective:Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic erosive arthritis.Due to the lack of effective biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment,RA patients have many complications in the later stage,seriously affecting their quality of life.Thus,this study was conducted to investigate new therapeutic targets and to discover diagnostic biomarkers in RA.Methods:In this study,the expression profiles of GSE55235 and GSE55457 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to obtain DEGs between RA and healthy samples.Genetic Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the common genes existing in the RA-related modules.Additionally,we used the STRING database to construct the protein‒protein interaction network.Furthermore,we established the interaction analysis of Hub Genes and microRNA(miRNA)and verified the 10 Hub genes through the GSE77298 dataset and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction Results:276 and 69 DEGs were screened from the GSE55235 dataset and GSE55457 dataset,respectively.Then,we obtained 42 up-regulated genes in two chip datasets intersection.Genetic Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of the 42 up-regulated genes showed that they were mainly concentrated in immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway,etc.Furthermore,the protein-protein interaction network indicated that 10 hub genes are closely related to RA,including MS4A1,CD27,LCK,CD79A,SDC1,CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL13,IGLL5,and IGJ.In addition,we found that miR-4531 is the same target miRNAs between MS4A1 and SDC1 through messenger RNA-miRNA co-expression network.Finally,the GSE77298 gene chip and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of 10 Hub genes.The six Hub genes of CD27,SDC1,CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL13,and IGJ are significantly increased.Conclusions:We found that SDC1 may be a novel molecular marker for the prevention and treatment of RA.The miR-4531/SDC1 regulatory axis may play a key role in this process.In conclusion,our study not only provides potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RA,but also provides a basis and new targets for further revealing the potential mechanism of RA occurrence and development and discovering targeted drugs.

Brucea javanica oil emulsion improves the effect of radiotherapy on esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting cyclin D1-CDK4/6 axis

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world, and it has high incidence and mortality rates. The conventional therapy for esophageal cancer is radiotherapy, although its effect is highly limited by the resistance of esophageal cancer cells. Thus, strong radiosensitizers can be very crucial during radiotherapy against esophageal cancer. Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) is a widely used drug against various cancers, such as liver, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, its anti-cancer effect and mechanism and the use of BJOE as a radiosensitizer have not been explored in esophageal cancer. AIM To evaluate the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of BJOE and explore the potential use of BJOE as a radiosensitizer during radiotherapy. METHODS The inhibitory effect of BJOE and its enhancement function with radiation on cell viability were examined with the calculated half-maximal effective concentration and half-maximal lethal concentration. The influence of BJOE on cell migration and invasion were measured with EC109 and JAR cells by wound-healing and transwell assay. Clonogenesis and apoptotic rate, which was measured by Hoechst staining, were investigated to confirm its enhancement function with radiation. To investigate the molecular pathway underlying the effect of BJOE, the expressions of several apoptosis- and cycle-related proteins was detected by western blotting.cell lines more than normal cell lines, and it markedly reduced migration and invasion in esophageal cancer cells (EC109 and JAR). Moreover, it promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the effect of radiotherapy against esophageal cancerous cells. In the viability test, the values of half-maximal effective concentration and half-maximal lethal concentration were reduced. Compared to the control, only around 1/5 colonies formed when using BJOE and radiation together in the clonogenic assay. The apoptotic rate in EC109 was obviously promoted when BJOE was added during radiotherapy. Our study suggests that the expression of the apoptosis-proteins Bax and p21 were increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was stable. Further detection of downstream proteins revealed that the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION BJOE has a strong anti-cancer effect on esophageal cancer and can be used as a radiosensitizer to promote apoptosis in cancerous esophageal cells via the cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 axis.

SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 axis regulates early brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage via inflammatory responses

The SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 axis is strongly associated with tumor growth and progression,and participates in cytokine secretion in many diseases.However,the effects of the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 axis in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage remain to be studied.A subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established in rats by infusing autologous blood into the optic chiasm pool.Some rats were first treated with JAK2/STAT3 small interfering RNA(Si-JAK2/Si-STAT3)or overexpression plasmids of JAK2/STAT3.In the brains of subarachnoid hemorrhage model rats,the expression levels of both JAK2 and STAT3 were upregulated and the expression of SOCS1 was downregulated,reaching a peak at 48 hours after injury.Simultaneously,the interactions between JAK2 and SOCS1 were reduced.In contrast,the interactions between JAK2 and STAT3 were markedly enhanced.Si-JAK2 and Si-STAT3 treatment alleviated cortical neuronal cell apoptosis and necrosis,destruction of the blood-brain barrier,brain edema,and cognitive functional impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage.This was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 protein,decreased total levels of JAK2 and STAT3 protein,and increased SOCS1 protein expression.However,overexpression of JAK2 and STAT3 exerted opposite effects,aggravating subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury.Si-JAK2 and Si-STAT3 inhibited M1-type microglial conversion and the release of pro-inflammatory factors(inducible nitric oxide synthase,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-α)and increased the release of anti-inflammatory factors(arginase-1,interleukin-10,and interleukin-4).Furthermore,primary neurons stimulated with oxyhemoglobin were used to simulate subarachnoid hemorrhage in vitro,and the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was used as an intervention.The in vitro results also suggested that neuronal protection is mediated by the inhibition of JAK2 and STAT3 expression.Together,our findings indicate that the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 axis contributes to early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage both in vitro and in vivo by inducing inflammatory responses.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China(approval No.LLSC-20180202)on March 1,2018.

Effect of sericin on diabetic hippocampal growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis

Previous studies have shown that sericin extracted from silk cocoon significantly reduces blood glucose levels and protects the nervous system against diabetes mellitus. In this study, a rat type 2 diabetes mellitus model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin for 3 successive days, following which the rats were treated with sericin for 35 days. After treatment, the blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats decreased significantly, the growth hormone level in serum and its expression in the hippocampus decreased significantly, while the insulin-like growth factor-1 level in serum and insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone receptor expression in the hippocampus increased significantly. The experimental findings indicate that sericin improves disorders of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis to alleviate hippocampal damage in diabetic rats.

Localization of Porcine Neturopetide Y-Y1 mRNA in Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis during Puberty

[ Objective] To observe the disposition and localization of neturopetide Y-Y1 （ NPY-Y1 ） mRNA in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary during puberty. [ Methed] Three 60-day-old Sujiang sows weighing 20 kg and three 160-day-old Sujiang sows weighing 80 kg were selected and anaesthetized. The hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were taken out for preparation of frozen sections. The expression and localization of the NPY-Y1 mRNA in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis was observed by the in situ hybridization. The PBS was substituted for hybridization solution to set up a control. ~ Result] Positive hybridization signals of the NPY-Y1 mRNA were detected in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary at different develop- mental stages, and these signals were stronger in the 60-day-old sows （before the puberty） than in the 160-day-old sows （during the puberty）. E Conclusion] The NPY-Y1 mRNA is distributed in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and can regulate reproductive process of sows.

MYOD1 inhibits avian adipocyte differentiation via miRNA-206/KLF4 axis

Background:A considerable number of muscle development-related genes were differentially expressed in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.However,the functions of them in adipocyte differentiation remain largely known.In this study,the myoblast determination protein 1(MYOD1)was selected as a representative of muscle development.We investigated its expression,function,and regulation in avian adipocyte differentiation.Results:The expression of MYOD1 decreased significantly in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation.CRIS PR/Cas9-mediated deletion of MYOD1 induced adipocyte differentiation,whereas over-expression of MYOD1 inhibited adipogenesis.The mRNA-seq data showed that MYOD1 could perturb the lipid biosynthetic process during differentiation.Our results showed that MYOD1 directly up-regulates the miR-206 expression by binding the upstream 1200 bp region of miR-206.Then,over-expression of miR-206 can inhibit the adipogenesis.Furthermore,MYOD1 affected the expression of endogenous miR-206 and its target gene Kruppel-like factor 4(KLF4),which is an important activator of adipogenesis.Accordingly,the inhibition of miR-206 or over-expression of KLF4 could counteract the inhibitory effect of MYOD1 on adipocyte differentiation.Conclusions:Our results establish that MYOD1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation by up-regulating miR-206 to suppress the KLF4 expression.These findings identify a novel function of MYOD1 in adipocyte differentiation,suggesting a potential role in body-fat distribution regulation.

LncRNA-NEAT1调控miR-182-5p表达对狼疮性肾炎肾系膜细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)核旁丛组装转录本1(NEAT1)在狼疮性肾炎(lupus nephritis,LN)中通过微小RNA(miR)-182-5p/叉头盒蛋白O1(FoxO1)/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)轴对肾系膜细胞损伤的影响。方法收集2019年3月至2021年7月凉山州第二人民医院收治的32例LN患者(LN组)外周血和32例体检健康者(健康对照组)外周血,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法检测外周血单个核细胞中NEAT1以及miR-182-5p、FoxO1、β-catenin mRNA表达水平,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-1β含量。采用20%LN患者血清处理肾系膜细胞的方法构建LN肾系膜细胞模型,造模完成后将细胞分为对照组(正常培养,不转染)、模型组(加入5μg/mL脂多糖培养)、si-NC组(转染si-NC后加入5μg/mL脂多糖培养)、si-NEAT1组(转染si-NEAT1后加入5μg/mL脂多糖培养)、si-NEAT1+anti-miR-NC组(共转染si-NEAT1和anti-miR-NC后加入5μg/mL脂多糖培养)、si-NEAT1+anti-miR-182-5p组(共转染si-NEAT1和anti-miR-182-5p后加入5μg/mL脂多糖培养)。qRT-PCR法检测各组细胞NEAT1、miR-182-5p表达水平;ELISA法测定各组细胞炎症因子水平;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒检测各组细胞LDH含量;细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)实验检测各组细胞增殖活力;流式细胞仪分析各组细胞凋亡情况;免疫印迹法检测各组细胞FoxO1、β-catenin蛋白表达水平。结果与健康对照组比较,LN组患者外周血单个核细胞中NEAT1、FoxO1、β-catenin mRNA表达水平以及血清中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量均显著上升,miR-182-5p表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组肾系膜细胞增殖活力、FoxO1和β-catenin蛋白水平以及LDH、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平均明显增加,miR-182-5p表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。敲低NEAT1后,细胞增殖活力和炎症反应减弱,FoxO1和β-catenin蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05);抑制miR-182-5p表达可减轻NEAT1敲低对LN肾系膜细胞模型细胞增殖、炎症因子及FoxO1、β-catenin蛋白表达的影响(P<0.05)。各组细胞间凋亡率无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论敲低NEAT1可通过靶向负调控miR-182-5p表达,抑制LN肾系膜细胞过度增殖,降低炎症反应,其可能与抑制FoxO1/β-catenin通路有关。

CM-1卫星星敏感器在轨测量精度初步评价

星敏感器是目前主流的高精度姿态测量仪器,在轨运行期间星敏感器会产生系统误差、高频误差和低频误差。文章进行了陆地生态系统碳监测卫星(CM-1卫星)星敏感器系统误差与高频误差的计算,分析了星敏1a与1b的光轴夹角误差与卫星星下点纬度的变化规律,基于傅里叶变换对光轴夹角低频误差进行建模,并以此来反映两星敏感器的低频误差。在轨数据表明,星敏1a旋转至星敏1b以及星敏1a旋转至2的系统误差分别为(6.906′,-12.569′,-1.552′)和(-4.540′,-27.199′,13.522′)。星敏数据中精度最高的是星敏1a/1b融合数据,三轴误差分别为0.505″、0.633″和0.800″。同组的星敏1a和1b精度类似,星敏1a三轴误差分别为0.990″、0.981″和16.731″,星敏2a三轴误差分别为0.888″、1.022″和15.156″。星敏2精度稍差,三轴误差分别为2.061″、2.382″和27.231″;星敏1a与1b光轴夹角误差(3σ)为2.50″,光轴夹角低频和高频误差分别为2.046″和1.470″。在相邻轨道星下点纬度相同时光轴夹角误差基本相同。

SDF-1/CXCR4轴在皮肤及周围神经损伤修复中的研究进展

皮肤组织遭受损伤时,其损伤修复对于恢复皮肤的稳态非常重要,趋化因子SDF-1在此过程中起着非常关键的作用。本文对SDF-1/CXCR4轴在创面愈合、损伤处神经修复作用、创伤后瘢痕形成以及其对损伤部位神经疼痛的影响进行综述,为开发更有效的皮肤及周围神经损伤的治疗方法和策略提供指导。

环状人网状蛋白4调节miR-582-5p/神经纤毛蛋白1轴对结直肠癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

目的探讨环状人网状蛋白4(CircRTN4)调节miR-582-5p/神经纤毛蛋白1(NRP1)轴对结直肠癌(CRC)细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2023年1月河南科技大学第一附属医院收治的CRC患者50例,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白质免疫印迹法分别检测患者的癌组织、癌旁组织、人正常结肠黏膜上皮细胞和CRC细胞中CircRTN4、miR-582-5p mRNA及NRP1的蛋白表达;将SW480细胞分别转染si-RTN4、miR-582-5p inhibitor及相应对照,qRT-PCR检测转染效率;通过平板克隆实验、Transwell小室和流式细胞仪等研究CircRTN4对CRC细胞的影响;蛋白质免疫印迹法检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)及NRP1蛋白表达;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-582-5p与RTN4和NRP1的作用;构建肺癌裸鼠模型,分析敲低RTN4对肿瘤质量、体积及移植瘤中miR-582-5p、NRP1、Ki-67蛋白表达的影响。结果在CRC组织和细胞系中,RTN4、NRP1表达升高,miR-582-5p表达降低(P<0.05);敲低RTN4,降低SW480细胞迁移、增殖与侵袭,下调PCNA、Bcl-2、MMP-2、NRP1表达,促进miR-582-5p、Bax表达及细胞凋亡(P<0.05);miR-582-5p作为RTN4靶点,下调miR-582-5p可减弱RTN4敲低对SW480细胞恶性行为的抑制作用(P<0.05);体内实验显示,抑制RTN4可降低移植瘤质量和体积,降低Ki-67、NRP1表达水平,升高miR-582-5p表达(P<0.05)。结论在CRC组织和细胞系中,CircRTN4高表达,敲低CircRTN4可能通过调节miR-582-5p/NRP1轴抑制CRC细胞的恶性行为。

Sleeve gastrectomy ameliorates endothelial function and prevents lung cancer by normalizing endothelin-1 axis in obese and diabetic rats

BACKGROUND Previous evidence has implied that obesity is an independent risk factor for developing cancer.Being closely related to obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus provides a suitable environment for the formation and metastasis of tumors through multiple pathways.Although bariatric surgeries are effective in preventing and lowering the risk of various types of cancer,the underlying mechanisms of this effect are not clearly elucidated.AIM To uncover the role and effect of sleeve gastrectomy(SG)in preventing lung cancer in obese and diabetic rats.METHODS SG was performed on obese and diabetic Wistar rats,and the postoperative transcriptional and translational alterations of the endothelin-1(ET-1)axis in the lungs were compared to sham-operated obese and diabetic rats and age-matched healthy controls to assess the improvements in endothelial function and risk of developing lung cancer at the postoperative 4 th,8 th,and 12 th weeks.The risk wasalso evaluated using nuclear phosphorylation of H2 A histone family member X as a marker of DNA damage(double-strand break).RESULTS Compared to obese and diabetic sham-operated rats,SG brought a significant reduction to body weight,food intake,and fasting blood glucose while improving oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.In addition,ameliorated levels of gene and protein expression in the ET-1 axis as well as reduced DNA damage indicated improved endothelial function and a lower risk of developing lung cancer after the surgery.CONCLUSION Apart from eliminating metabolic disorders,SG improves endothelial function and plays a protective role in preventing lung cancer via normalized ET-1 axis and reduced DNA damage.

Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(银杏蜜环口服溶液) attenuates inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in post stroke depression

OBJECTIVE The Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(Yinxingmihuan Koufu Rongye,YXMH),a representative drug for"Treating both Brain and Heart",showed considerable clinical effects in isch⁃emic cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.Recently,it is reported that YXMH has the potential for treating myocardial and cerebral ischemia related mental disorders,such as post stroke depression(PSD)and chronic heart disease(CHD)associated anxiety disorder.However,its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated.Meanwhile,increasing evidence revealed that there are close functional links between depression and habenular nucleus.The present study investigates the underlying mechanism of YXMH on attenuating the inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in in a rat model of PSD.METHODS Rats were randomly devided into sham group,model group,Ginaton group(18 mg·kg^-1),Armillariella Mellea group(600 mg·kg-1),Fluoxetine group(10 mg·kg^-1),YXMH high-dose group(618 mg·kg^-1)and YXMH low-dose group(309 mg·kg^-1).The PSD model was induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation(2-Chloro-D-phenylalanine,PCPA,IH,200 mg·kg^-1,for 3 times,before the behavior test)in SD male rats.Then rats were treated with corresponding medicaments through gavage once a day until 3 weeks later,followed by body mass measurement,neurological deficit score evaluation,gripping strength and thermal withdrawl latency measurement,as well as depression related behavioral indicators,the open field test(OFT)and sucrose preference test.The pathological morphological changes of habenular nucleus was observed by HE staining,the expression of IBA-1 was measured and analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining,and alterations of proteins and genes related to the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis were analyzed using Western blotting(CX3CL1,CX3CR1)and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(CX3CL1,CX3CR1).RESULTS Compared with the sham group,rats in the model group manifested as decreased body mass,deficient neurological behavior and gripping strength,reduced loco⁃motor activity and sugar water consumption,as well as elevated thermal withdrawl latency(P<0.05,P<0.01).Mean⁃while,the pathological morphology of the habenular nucleus on the ischemic hemisphere showed significant neuronal degeneration,microglial proliferation,inflammatory cells and glia cells infiltration,together with up-regualted expression of IBA-1,CX3CL1,CX3CR1 protein and CX3CL1,CX3CR1 mRNA.YXMH attenuated inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through improving pathological morphology,inhibiting IBA-1 activation,down-regulating the expres⁃sion of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 proteins and genes,and thus improved the behavior performance of ischemic injury and depression.CONCLUSION YXMH ameliorates neurological deficit and depressive behavior in rat model of PSD induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation,and the mechanism is probably related to attenu⁃ating inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis.

基于NX1899的立式四轴加工中心后处理定制

以立式四轴加工中心后处理为研究对象,基于NX1899后处理构造器Post Builder制定FANUC Oi-MF数控系统四轴加工中心后处理文件。通过Tcl语言编写程序,使后处理文件实现自动判断3+1定轴加工或四轴联动加工,输出锁紧和松开旋转轴的M代码及解决旋转轴在快速转动时产生卡滞的情况,最后通过实际加工冰墩墩验证后处理文件安全可靠。

原花青素B2通过NRF2/HO-1/xCT/GPX4轴抑制氧化应激减轻H_(2)O_(2)诱导的人少突胶质细胞的损伤

目的探讨原花青素B2(proanthocyanidins B2,PCB2)对过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))诱导的人少突胶质细胞(MO3.13)氧化损伤和凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法筛选H_(2)O_(2)和PCB2的最佳作用浓度。分为正常组、PCB2组(100 mg·L^(-1) PCB2处理24 h)、H_(2)O_(2)模型组(500μmol·L^(-1) H_(2)O_(2)处理24 h)、H_(2)O_(2)+PCB2组(500μmol·L^(-1) H_(2)O_(2)与100 mg·L^(-1) PCB2共同处理24 h)。FRAP法检测PCB2的抗氧化能力;CCK-8法检测各组细胞存活率,LDH法进行细胞毒性检测;微量酶标法和ELISA法检测各组细胞中LDH、NO、H_(2)O_(2)含量以及CAT、SOD活力;免疫荧光和Western blot分别检测各组细胞中NRF2、xCT、HO-1、Ferritin、GPX4的蛋白表达水平。亚铁离子荧光探针(FerroOrange)检测细胞内亚铁离子(Fe 2+)含量。结果H_(2)O_(2)能诱导MO3.13氧化损伤并导致细胞铁死亡,PCB2能够减轻MO3.13氧化损伤和铁死亡;与H_(2)O_(2)模型组相比,PCB2干预能够明显升高MO3.13内LDH含量,降低NO、H_(2)O_(2)含量,提高SOD、CAT活力;上调NRF2、xCT、HO-1、Ferritin、GPX4的蛋白表达水平。结论PCB2能够通过NRF2/HO-1/xCT/GPX4轴增强细胞抗氧化能力,减轻H_(2)O_(2)诱导的MO3.13氧化损伤。

Analysis of feasibility of application of Beishu point acupressure therapy in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease via AMPK / ULK1 mediated autophagy pathway based on "adjusting central axis via pivot" theory

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a digestive system disease characterized by uncomfortable symptoms caused by reflux of gastric contents.It has increased sharply with the development of my country’s society and economy.If there is no reasonable and effective Prevention and treatment measures will inevitably increase the financial burden of patients,and also pose a major threat to the quality of life and health of patients.Cell signal transduction mediated by various receptors participates in the regulation mechanism of the body's various levels of biological functions.By inhibiting or activating its functions,the purpose of curing diseases can be achieved,and cell signal transduction has been used in traditional Chinese medicine.Studying.The theory of"adjusting the central axis"was explored by Professor Xie Sheng through decades of clinical experience.It has been proven in practice to treat GERD.It starts from the model of TCM viscera and expounds that the pathogenesis of GERD involves multiple viscera.Multi-system and multi-factor,explain the correlation of the disease with a variety of zang-fu syndromes,and use this as a basis to guide the clinical use of hidden prescriptions.The back-shu pointer therapy can prevent GERD by correcting the unbalanced state of the viscera and qi machine,and promoting the junction of the two channels of Ren and Du.Based on the theory of"adjusting the hub by the pivot",this article expounds the pathogenesis of GERD from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine.By consulting the literature and combining with the previous research,it proposes to analyze the methods and methods of Backshu pointer therapy to prevent and treat GERD from the AMPK/ULK1 mediated autophagy pathway.

LncRNA FGD5-AS1靶向miR-16-5p/CREB1轴减轻缺氧/复氧诱导大鼠H9c2心肌细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的:探究长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)FGD5反义RNA1(FGD5-AS1)对缺氧/复氧(H/R)诱导的大鼠H9c2心肌细胞凋亡的影响以及对微小RNA-16-5p/cAMP响应元件结合蛋白1(miR-16-5p/CREB1)轴的调节机制。方法:将H9c2细胞分为对照组和H/R组(缺氧6 h,复氧6 h),然后将H/R组细胞分别进行转染,分为oe-NC组、oe-FGD5-AS1组、oe-FGD5-AS1+miR-16-5p mimic-NC组、oe-FGD5-AS1+miR-16-5p mimic组。实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应法(RT-qPCR)检测细胞中FGD5-AS1、miR-16-5p、CREB1的mRNA水平;蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法测定裂解凋亡蛋白酶-3(cleaved Caspase-3)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)蛋白表达;CCK-8法测定细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;双荧光素酶活性实验分别验证miR-16-5p和FGD5-AS1、CREB1的靶向关系。结果:与对照组比较,H/R组细胞中FGD5-AS1和CREB1的mRNA水平、细胞存活率、Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),miR-16-5p mRNA水平、细胞凋亡率及cleaved Caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与H/R组和oe-NC组比较,转染过表达FGD5-AS1基因的H9c2细胞中FGD5-AS1和CREB1的mRNA水平、细胞存活率、Bcl-2蛋白表达增高,凋亡率及miR-16-5p、cleaved Caspase-3、Bax水平下降(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶活性实验验证了FGD5-AS1、CREB1均与miR-16-5p有结合位点。结论:过表达FGD5-AS1可能通过靶向下调miR-16-5p表达,上调CREB1表达,抑制H/R诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡。