NF-kappa B p65和VEGF在原发性肝癌中的表达及意义

[目的]探讨核转录因子(NF-kappa B p65)和血管内皮生成因子(VEGF)在晚期原发性肝癌(HCC)组织和正常肝脏组织中的表达及其意义。[方法]采用免疫组织化学染色SP法检测65例晚期HCC组织切片(其中36例直径≥5cm,16例5cm>直径>2cm,13例直径≤2cm;28例肝内病灶数目大于1个,37例肝内病灶数目为1个)和30例正常肝脏组织(对照组)中NF-kappa B p65和VEGF抗体的表达水平,采用秩和检验方法分析其差异性,并再以直线相关方法分析NF-kappa B p65和VEGF在HCC中表达的相关性。[结果]各肿瘤组随肿瘤直径的增大,NF-kappa B p65和VEGF表达水平均出现递增的趋势。肝内(肿瘤数目>1个)NF-kappa B p65和VEGF表达水平强于肝内无转移组(P<0.05)。NF-kappa B p65和VEGF在HCC中表达呈正相关。[结论]VEGF有促进肝癌生长和侵袭转移作用,而NF-kappaBp65在HCC生长中有促进VEGF表达上调的作用。

非小细胞肺癌中NF-kappa B的表达与凋亡的关系

目的:研究核因子kappa B(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-kappa B)在非小细胞肺癌中的表达,探讨不同NF-kappa B表达的非小细胞的凋亡率,明确NF-kappa B在非小细胞肺癌中的临床意义。方法:应用Western blot检测了45例从2005年10月到2005年12月手术切除的非小细胞肺癌的新鲜标本,并用Tunel法测其凋亡率。结果:在45例患者中,NF-Kappa B的相对量是0.6047±0.3572,而且分化差的非小细胞肺癌中的NF-kappa B的表达比分化好的非小细胞肺癌高(P<0.05);在NF-kappa B高表达中肺癌细胞的凋亡率为56.4%,而在低表达中则为76.7%(P<0.05)。结论:NF-kappa B的表达与非小细胞肺癌的分化相关,在非小细胞肺癌中,NF-kappa B抑制凋亡,并在非小细胞肺癌的形成和发展中起重要作用,或许可以作为基因治疗的靶点为非小细胞肺癌的诊治提供新的思路。

离子硅对成骨细胞NF-kappa B核内转录因子活性的影响

目的研究离子硅对体外培养的成骨细胞NF-kappa B核转录因子活性的影响。方法分别用终浓度为1 mmol/L和2 mmol/L离子硅(SiO32)-处理MC3T3-E1成骨细胞,处理时间分别为6、12、24和48 h,设置对照组(不加处理因素);采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期,计算细胞的增殖指数;Westernblotting方法检测NF-kappa B信号通路的相关蛋白表达量及其变化。结果流式细胞术结果显示,与对照组相比,1 mmol/L浓度的离子硅处理24 h组和48 h组,MC3T3-E1细胞增殖明显;Western blot结果显示,1 mmol/L浓度的离子硅促进成骨细胞增殖与p-NF-kappa B表达上升密切相关。结论骨材料中释放的微量的硅不会引起成骨细胞损伤,相反,微量的硅酸盐可能通过激活NF-kappa B诱导成骨细胞增殖。

NF-kappa B抑制剂PDTC抑制IL-1β诱导软骨细胞生成NO的实验研究

为探讨PDTC对IL 1β诱导的大鼠软骨细胞生成NO的影响 ,寻找抑制NO生成的新途径。分离并培养大鼠软骨细胞 ,加入不同度的PDTC ,以IL 1β刺激软骨细胞 ,RT PCR检测iNOS的mRNA表达 ,NO检测试剂盒检测NO的含量。结果显示PDTC能显著抑制IL 1β诱导的iNOSmRNA的表达及NO的生成且呈剂量依赖性。表明PDTC能抑制IL 1β诱导的NO生成 。

Expression of NF-kappaB in rotavirus-induced damage to the liver and biliary tract in neonatal mice

BACKGROUND: Biliary atresia, the etiology of which still remains unclear, occurs exclusively in newborns and most are infected with rotavirus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the histopathological patterns of different kinds of rotavirus in the liver and biliary tract of neonatal mice and the expression of NF-kappa B in the liver and biliary tract of infected mice. METHODS: Twenty-three adult mice (8 were male and 15 female) were divided into 8 breeding pairs, and each pair (I male and 2 females) was housed in a cage in a laminar flow hood. Newborn mice, 24-48 hours old were randomly divided into A, B and C groups. The A and B groups were respectively inoculated with MMU18006 and SA11 rotavirus through the intraperitoneal route, while group C as blank control was only inoculated with culture medium. The liver was dissected after 5, 10, 15, 21 and 28 days; the weight of each mouse and the histopathological patterns in the liver were recorded. The expression of NF-kappa B in the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the expression intensity was analyzed with a GT-2 imaging instrument. RESULTS: The average increase in weight of infected mice was significantly slower than that of the normal control, while the growth rate of group A (injected with MMU18006 rotavirus) was slower than that of group B (SA11 rotavirus). In infected mice, the acute and chronic inflammation of liver and intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts was more significant in group A. Stenosis was found in most intrahepatic bile ducts, and sporadically in extrahepatic bile ducts. The expression of NF-kappa B in infected mice was dramatically higher than that of the normal control, while the expression in group A was higher than in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Significant damage to the liver and biliary tract of neonatal mice can be induced by inoculating MMU18006 rotavirus through the intraperitoneal route, which is very similar to the pathology of biliary atresia in the newborn human. Similar inoculation with SA11 rotavirus can only result in moderate impairment that disappears quickly. The difference of pathogenicity between the two rotaviruses may depend on their differing capacities to increase the expression of NF-kappa B in the liver and biliary tract.

Activation of TLR-4 and liver injury via NF-kappa B in rat with acute cholangitis

BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type 1 transmembrane receptors, which can recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Among them, TLR-4 is specific to lipopolysaccharide. It transfers the infection signal into the cell and promotes the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) to the nucleus and the subsequent transcriptional activation of genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Acute cholangitis (AC) is a common biliary tract infection in oriental countries, and often leads to liver injury. The activation of TLR-4 and its significance in liver injury in rats with AC remain unclear. METHODS: Rat models of AC (biliary tract obstruction+E. coli injection, n=36) and control models (biliary tract obstruction+saline, n=18) were made. Liver tissue injury was investigated by pathological examination. The levels of serum TNF-alpha and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expressions of TLR-4, NF-kappa B mRNAs and proteins in the liver were detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Severe liver tissue injury in rats with AC was evident as shown by pathological examination. TLR-4 and NF-kappa B were strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in the AC group. They were negative or slightly positive in the control group. TLR-4 mRNA and protein in the liver of rats with AC increased 1 hour after biliary tract ligation and E. coli injection, and peaked at 6 hours after surgery. Twenty-four hours later, they began to decrease. The expression of TLR-4 was paralleled by that of NF-kappa B in the liver and TNF-alpha in serum. CONCLUSION: The higher expression of TLR-4 in the liver of rats with AC may be involved in liver injury through the activation of NF-kappa B and release of cytokines such as TNF-alpha.

Effects of Dan-shao-hua-xian on expression of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B in rat liver fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) play important roles in liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dan-shao-hua-xian, a preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, on the expression of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B in the fibrotic livers of rats. METHODS: Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment (model, 8 weeks+treatment, 8 weeks; group A), natural recovery (model, 8 weeks+ saline, 8 weeks; group B), model (model only, 8 weeks; group Q, and control (normal, untreated, 16 weeks; group D). Each group consisted of 20 rats (except for group D, which had 10). Fibrotic liver models were induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of CCI4, oral administration of alcohol and a high-lipid/low-protein diet for 8 weeks. After the models were established, the rats in group A were orally given Dan-shao-hua-xian capsules daily for another 8 weeks. Then, the liver indices serum hyaluronic acid (HA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by optical microscopy. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the liver tissue was determined. The expression of PPAR-gamma was detected by immunohistochemical techniques. The protein levels of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The concentrations of serum HA, TNF-alpha and Hyp in group C increased compared with group D (P<0.05), and they decreased in group A compared with group C (P<0.05). The expression of PPAR-gamma in group C decreased compared with group D (P<0.05), and it increased in group A compared with groups B and C (P<0.05). Similarly, Western blotting showed that the expression of PPAR-gamma in group C decreased compared with group D, and it increased in group A compared with group C. The expression of NF-kappa B increased in group C compared with group D (P<0.05), and it decreased in group A compared with group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dan-shao-hua-xian capsules enhance the expression of PPAR-gamma but decrease that of TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B in the liver tissues of CCI4-induced hepatic fibrotic rats. These effects may play a role in its activity in treating hepatic fibrosis.

Effects of ivabradine on Notch and NF-kappa B signaling pathway in myocardial cells of rats with myocardial infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects of ivabradine on Notch and NF-kappa B signaling pathway in myocardial cells of rats with myocardial infarction.Methods: The model of myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The surviving rats were randomly divided into model group (MI group,n=8) and treatment group (IVA group,n=8). Rats with the same location but without ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery were used as control group (CON group,n = 8). IVA was administered for 28 d. Hemodynamic and cardiac function indexes of all rats were measured: heart rate (HR), systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximum rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular internal pressure (+dp/dt);left ventricular mass index, left ventricular cross-sectional diameter and infarct area;The expression of Notch signaling pathway components mRNA (Notch-1, Dll-4, Hes-1) in rat cardiomyocytes was detected by PT-PCR, and the expression of DICD-1 and P65 protein was detected by western-blot. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups, and SNK was used for comparison between groups.Results: SBP, DBP, MAP, LASP, LVEDP and (+dp/dt) in MI group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while IVA was higher than those in MI group (P<0.05). Left ventricular mass index and left ventricular sectional diameter in MI group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), but lower than those in IVA group (P<0.05). The expression of Notch-1 in MI group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), but lower than that in IVA group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Dll-4 and Hes-1 mRNA between the three groups (P>0.05). The expression levels of NICD-1 and P 65 in MI group were significantly higher than those in CON group (P<0.05), but lower than those in IVA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: IVA may improve cardiac function and inhibit ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction through Notch and NF-kappa B signaling pathways.

Lactate Decreases Bortezomib Sensitivity and Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma

Objective:Metabolic disorders are regarded as hallmarks of multiple myeloma(MM)and are responsible for rapid cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.However,the exact biological roles of metabolites in MM cells have not been fully explored.This study aimed to explore the feasibility and clinical significance of lactate for MM and investigate the molecular mechanism of lactic acid(Lac)in the proliferation of myeloma cells and cell sensitivity to bortezomib(BTZ).Methods:Metabolomic analysis of the serum was carried out to obtain metabolites expression and clinical characteristics in MM patients.The CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle changes.Western blotting was used to detect the potential mechanism and apoptosis-and cycle-related protein changes.Results:Lactate was highly expressed in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of MM patients.It was significantly correlated with Durie-Salmon Staging(DS Staging)and the International Staging System(ISS Staging)and the serum and urinary involved/uninvolved free light chain ratios.Patients with relatively high lactate levels had a poor treatment response.Moreover,in vitro experiments showed that Lac could promote the proliferation of tumor cells and decrease the proportion of G0/G1-phase cells,which was accompanied by an increased proportion of S-phase cells.In addition,Lac could decrease tumor sensitivity to BTZ by disrupting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2(NFκB2)and Re1B.Conclusion:Metabolic changes are important in MM cell proliferation and treatment response;lactate could be used as a biomarker in MM and as a therapeutic target to overcome cell resistance to BTZ.

组织芯片研究Notch1与NF-κB在胃癌中的表达和意义

目的:研究Notchl和NF-KB在胃癌中的表达与临床病理特征的关系以及两者间相互作用的关系。方法:通过免疫组化的方法检测了含有168例胃癌和27例正常胃组织的组织芯片中Notchl和NF-κB的表达情况。结果:Notchl在胃癌中表达较正常胃组织明显上调(P<0.01),并与肿瘤大小、分化程度、浸润深度、脉管浸润明显相关;NF-κB在胃癌中表达明显高于正常对照组,并与肿瘤大小、分化程度、浸润深度、远处转移及脉管浸润明显相关。Kaplan-Meier分析显示Notchl和NF-κB阳性组的预后较阴性组差。Cox回归多因素分析显示Notchl是影响胃癌预后的独立因素之一(P<0.05)。结论:NF-κB的过度表达可能参与了Notchl信号通路失调介导的胃癌发生发展机制。Notchl可能成为评价胃癌预后和生存的新的指标,也可能作为胃癌治疗的新靶点。

Hedgehog和NF-κB信号通路在结核分枝杆菌感染Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞中的免疫调控作用初探

探讨结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)感染Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞(Alveolar epithelial typeⅡcells,AECⅡ)的免疫应答过程中,Hedgehog与NF-κB信号通路及炎症细胞因子的表达变化规律。利用结核分枝杆菌BCG(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin,BCG,卡介苗,弱毒株)和H37Rv(国际标准强毒株)株分别感染人AECⅡ细胞株A549,利用q PCR和Western blot检测Hedgehog信号通路以及NF-κB信号通路相关因子和炎症细胞因子的表达变化。结果表明,H37Rv和BCG感染A549细胞后,Hedgehog信号通路中Shh、Ptch和Gli1与NF-κB信号通路中p-NF-κB m RNA的表达水平升高,同时,伴随着炎症细胞因子IL-8和TNF-αm RNA的表达水平也升高。并且,H37Rv感染A549细胞引起信号分子Shh、Ptch、Gli1和NF-κB蛋白的表达水平高于BCG。Mtb感染AECⅡ细胞都能激活Hedgehog信号通路和NF-κB信号通路并促进细胞的炎症因子分泌,强毒株感染对信号通路的活化强于弱毒株。

人参皂苷Rg3对缺氧诱导的Eca-109和786-0细胞血管内皮生长因子和核因子κB表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg3对人食管癌细胞株Eca-109和人肾癌细胞株786-0细胞缺氧诱导的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和核因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法在常氧和缺氧环境下,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测Rg3对Eca-109和786-0细胞增殖的影响,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测Rg3对VEGF mRNA表达的影响,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测Rg3和NF-κB抑制剂对VEGF蛋白表达的影响,蛋白质印迹(Western)检测Rg3对P65蛋白表达的影响。结果在常氧或缺氧环境中,MTT显示Rg3都能显著抑制Eca-109和786-0细胞增殖,实时荧光定量PCR显示Rg3能显著抑制Eca-109和786-0细胞VEGF mRNA表达,ELISA显示Rg3和NF-κB抑制剂都能显著抑制VEGF蛋白的分泌,Western显示Rg3抑制P65蛋白表达。结论 Rg3可以抑制缺氧和常氧状态下的VEGF表达,其机制与抑制P65蛋白表达密切相关。

磷酸盐对阿扎霉素B生物合成的调节

磷酸钙不仅可以促进阿扎霉素B产生菌的生长,而且对阿扎霉素B的生物合成具有一定的促进作用。在发酵培养基中添加1mmol/L磷酸钙可使阿扎霉素B发酵效价最高达1892mg/L,比对照提高26%;此外添加2mmol/L磷酸钙能够部分解除氨离子对阿扎霉素B生物合成的抑制,解除率为20%。

短链脂肪酸对阿扎霉素B生物合成的调节

研究了短链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸对吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株阿扎霉素B生物合成的影响。结果表明,短链脂肪酸普遍具有促进阿扎霉素B的合成作用,而长链脂肪酸的作用则相反。在发酵至48h,添加0.1%丙酸钠和0.2%乙酸钠,阿扎霉素B的产量分别达到2120mg/L和1861mg/L,比对照提高了58.8%和39.4%。进一步研究表明,丙酸盐可通过诱导丙酸激酶的表达,从而大幅度地提高阿扎霉素B的产量。

La(Ⅲ)对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆叶绿素合成与降解影响的机理

采用水培实验方法研究了稀土元素La(Ⅲ)对紫外辐射(UV-B:0.15Wm-2,0.45Wm-2)胁迫下大豆(Glycine max)幼苗的δ-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)、胆色素原(PBG)、原叶绿素(酸)(Pchl)、原卟啉IX(Proto-IX)、镁原卟啉(Mg-Proto)等5种叶绿素(Chl)合成中间产物含量及Chl降解关键酶-叶绿素酶(Chlase)活性的影响,从叶绿素的生物合成及降解角度诠释La(Ⅲ)对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗叶绿素含量影响的机理。实验结果表明:La(Ⅲ)具有提高叶绿素生物合成中间产物——ALA(δ-氨基乙酰丙酸)、PBG(胆色素原)、Proto-IX(原卟啉IX)、Mg-Proto(镁原卟啉)含量的作用,促进Pchl(原叶绿素)转化为叶绿素,进而缓解UV-B辐射胁迫下中间产物PBG、Proto-IX和Mg-Proto的形成,使叶绿素的生物合成受阻,受阻位点为ALA→PBG。

海风藤醇B对PAF越膜代谢和生物合成的影响

目的：研究海风藤醇Ｂ的抗血小板激活作用与其影响兔血小板中血小板激活因子（ＰＡＦ）的越膜代谢和生物合成间的关系。方法：采用放射性薄层层析法和ＰＡＦ生物测定法研究海风藤醇Ｂ对ＰＡＦ越膜代谢和生物合成的影响。结果：海风藤醇Ｂ、银杏内酯Ｂ（ＢＮ５２０２１）可抑制兔血小板［３Ｈ］－ＰＡＦ的越膜代谢，ＩＣ５０分别为８４．８，３４．９μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。海风藤醇Ｂ（１０，５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对Ａ２３１８７刺激的兔血小板生成ＰＡＦ无抑制作用，高浓度（１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１有轻微抑制，抑制率为１６．３％。结论：海风藤醇Ｂ可能通过对兔血小板ＰＡＦ的越膜代谢的抑制而影响血小板激活。

半边旗提取物5F对HO-8910PM细胞中NF-κB和FAK蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究半边旗(pteri semipinnata L，PsL)二萜类化合物5F对HO-8910PM细胞内核因子-kB(nuclear factor-kappaB，NF-kB)p65亚基、黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase，FAK)表达及p-FAK(phosphorylated FAK)水平的影响，探讨其抗肿瘤侵袭转移的作用机制。方法：MTT法测定5F对细胞增殖的影响；Western blot分析NF-kB(p65)、FAK蛋白表达及p-FAK水平。结果：12．50、25．00、50．00、100．00和200．00μmol／L的5F作用HO-8910PM细胞24h后，细胞增殖抑制率分别为(28．20±3．66)％、(30．96±1．83)％、(41．41±1．65)％、(60．67±2．24)％和(73．18±1．24)％，并有一定的剂量效应关系，P<0．05(P值分别为0．018、0．000、0．000、0．000和0．000)。25～100μmol／L的5F作用HO-8910PM细胞24h后，NF-kB(p65)蛋白表达水平明显下降；上调FAK蛋白表达，使FAK酪氨酸磷酸化程度降低(p-FAK／FAK)，P<0．01(P值分别为0．000、0．001和0．000)。结论：5F抗肿瘤侵袭转移与NF-kB(p65)表达以及FAK酪氨酸磷酸化程度降低有关。

白介素-1受体相关激酶-2和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶协同调控白介素-1诱导的NF-κB活化

目的研究白介素１受体相关激酶２（ＩＲＡＫ－２）和磷脂酰肌醇 ３－激酶（ＰＩ ３－激酶）在白介素－１（ＩＬ－１）诱导核因子－κＢ（ＮＦ－κＢ）活化中的作用。方法 Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ介导反义ＩＲＡＫ－２寡核苷酸或反义ＰＩ３－激酶寡核苷酸转染ＨｅｐＧ２细胞后；用逆转录 ＰＣＲ法检测 ＩＲＡＫ－２ ｍＲＮＡ和ＰＩ３－激酶ｍＲＮＡ表达水平，以Ｓａｎｄｗｉｃｈ ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＮＦ－κＢ的活化。结果（１）反义ＩＲＡＫ－２寡核苷酸和反义ＰＩ３－激酶寡核苷酸分别抑制ＩＲＡＫ－２ ｍＲＮＡ和ＰＩ－３激酶ｍＲＮＡ的表达：（２）反义ＩＲＡＫ－２寡核苷酸或反义ＰＩ３－激酶寡核苷酸部分抑制ＮＦ－κＢ活化；（３）与反义ＩＲＡＫ－２寡核苷酸或反义ＰＩ ３－激酶寡核苷酸单独转染ＨｅｐＧ２细胞相比，反义ＩＲＡＫ－２寡核苷酸和反义ＰＩ ３－激酶寡核苷酸共转染ＨｅｐＧ２细胞对ＮＦ－ｋＢ的抑制作用明显增强。结论在ＨｅｐＧ２细胞中， ＩＲＡＫ－２和ＰＩ ３－激酶都调控 ＮＦ－κＢ活化但都不能完全激活 ＮＦ－κＢ，ＩＲＡＫ－２和 ＰＩ ３－激酶在调控 ＮＦ－κＢ活化时有协同作用。