Have you heard of NG2 cells or NG2 glia or polydendro- cytes~. These are new names for the precursor cells that used to be referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPCs）, which become the oligodendrocytes tha...Have you heard of NG2 cells or NG2 glia or polydendro- cytes~. These are new names for the precursor cells that used to be referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPCs）, which become the oligodendrocytes that myelinate central nervous system （CNS） axons. Evidence suggests, however, that they have other functions, besides differentiating into oligodendrocytes. Most notably, the OPCs/NG2 cells are uni- formly distributed in grey matter as well as in white matter, which matches poorly with the distribution of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, not every NG2 cell is fated to become an oligodendrocyte. Hence the term OPC can be fairly applied only when discussing the role of these cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage.展开更多
Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large d...Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.展开更多
目的研究NG2细胞在大鼠脊髓损伤白质内源性增殖及形态特征。方法成年SD雄性大鼠42只,随机平均分为模型组和假手术组。按课题组自行设计的方法制作脊髓压迫模型,假手术组仅暴露脊髓。分别于术后1、3、7d运用免疫组化检测脊髓内NG2细胞的...目的研究NG2细胞在大鼠脊髓损伤白质内源性增殖及形态特征。方法成年SD雄性大鼠42只,随机平均分为模型组和假手术组。按课题组自行设计的方法制作脊髓压迫模型,假手术组仅暴露脊髓。分别于术后1、3、7d运用免疫组化检测脊髓内NG2细胞的表达。采用Image Pro Plus6.0软件对NG2阳性细胞计数并测量其胞体面积和突起长度。结果伤后1d,NG2+细胞增多(30.17±11.08)/视野,至3d达到高峰(90.75±9.40)/视野,7d后下降(78.38±8.91)/视野,但仍多于假手术组(19.92±6.68)/视野(P<0.05)。在假手术组,NG2+细胞平均胞体面积为(205.67±10.80)μm2、平均突起长度为(22.92±1.24)μm,伤后1d,NG2+细胞胞体变小(128.25±32.06)μm2、突起变短(10.98±4.25)μm,3d后胞体变大(225.26±16.64)μm2、突起增长(18.63±2.26)μm(P<0.05),至7d变化不明显(P>0.05)。在脊髓压迫损伤后,可见许多胞体较小呈圆形、突起少或无的NG2+细胞集落。结论在脊髓压迫损伤一周内,NG2细胞增殖活跃,胞体渐大,突起变长,但仍短于正常。展开更多
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha （PDGFRct） is a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system. NG2 is also considered a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, whet...Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha （PDGFRct） is a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system. NG2 is also considered a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, whether there are differences in the distribution and morphol- ogy of oligodendrocyte precursor cells labeled by NG2 or PDGFRa in the developing neonatal rat brain remains unclear. In this study, by immunohistochemical staining, NG2 positive （NG2＋） cells were ubiquitous in the molecular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal pyramidal layer, and polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum, external capsule, piriform cortex, and medial septal nucleus. NG2~ cells were stellate or fusiform in shape with long processes that were progressively decreased and shortened over the course of brain development. The distribution and morphology of PDGFRct positive （PDGFRa＋） cells were coincident with NG2＋ cells. The co- localization of NG2 and PDGFRu in the cell bodies and processes of some cells was confirmed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Moreover, cells double-labeled for NG2 and PDGFRa were predominantly in the early postnatal stage of development. The numbers of NG2＋/PDGFRa＋ cells and PDGFRa＋ cells decreased, but the number of NG2＋ cells increased from postnatal days 3 to 14 in the developing brain. In addition, amoeboid microglial cells of the corpus callosum, newborn brain macrophages in the normal developing brain, did not express NG2 or PDGFRu, but NG2 expression was detected in amoeboid microglia after hypoxia. The present results suggest that NG2 and PDGFRct are specific markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells at different stages during early development. Additionally, the NG2 protein is involved in inflammatory and pathological processes of amoeboid microglial cells.展开更多
基金supported by NIH NS079631,Shriners Hospitals for Children and Craig H.Neilsen Foundation
文摘Have you heard of NG2 cells or NG2 glia or polydendro- cytes~. These are new names for the precursor cells that used to be referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPCs）, which become the oligodendrocytes that myelinate central nervous system （CNS） axons. Evidence suggests, however, that they have other functions, besides differentiating into oligodendrocytes. Most notably, the OPCs/NG2 cells are uni- formly distributed in grey matter as well as in white matter, which matches poorly with the distribution of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, not every NG2 cell is fated to become an oligodendrocyte. Hence the term OPC can be fairly applied only when discussing the role of these cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage.
基金supported by funding from FAPERGS under Grant No.1010267FAPERGS/PPSUS+8 种基金No.17/2551-0001FAPERGS/PRONEXNo.16/2551-0000499-4FAPERGS/CAPES under Grant No.19/25510000717-5Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico under Grants Nos.4011645/2012-6 and#5465346/2014-6Irish Research Council Government of Ireland Postdoctoral FellowshipNo.GOIPD/2022/792Irish Research Council Enterprise Postdoctoral FellowshipNo.EPSPD/2022/112。
文摘Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.
文摘目的研究NG2细胞在大鼠脊髓损伤白质内源性增殖及形态特征。方法成年SD雄性大鼠42只,随机平均分为模型组和假手术组。按课题组自行设计的方法制作脊髓压迫模型,假手术组仅暴露脊髓。分别于术后1、3、7d运用免疫组化检测脊髓内NG2细胞的表达。采用Image Pro Plus6.0软件对NG2阳性细胞计数并测量其胞体面积和突起长度。结果伤后1d,NG2+细胞增多(30.17±11.08)/视野,至3d达到高峰(90.75±9.40)/视野,7d后下降(78.38±8.91)/视野,但仍多于假手术组(19.92±6.68)/视野(P<0.05)。在假手术组,NG2+细胞平均胞体面积为(205.67±10.80)μm2、平均突起长度为(22.92±1.24)μm,伤后1d,NG2+细胞胞体变小(128.25±32.06)μm2、突起变短(10.98±4.25)μm,3d后胞体变大(225.26±16.64)μm2、突起增长(18.63±2.26)μm(P<0.05),至7d变化不明显(P>0.05)。在脊髓压迫损伤后,可见许多胞体较小呈圆形、突起少或无的NG2+细胞集落。结论在脊髓压迫损伤一周内,NG2细胞增殖活跃,胞体渐大,突起变长,但仍短于正常。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31100769
文摘Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha （PDGFRct） is a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system. NG2 is also considered a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, whether there are differences in the distribution and morphol- ogy of oligodendrocyte precursor cells labeled by NG2 or PDGFRa in the developing neonatal rat brain remains unclear. In this study, by immunohistochemical staining, NG2 positive （NG2＋） cells were ubiquitous in the molecular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal pyramidal layer, and polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum, external capsule, piriform cortex, and medial septal nucleus. NG2~ cells were stellate or fusiform in shape with long processes that were progressively decreased and shortened over the course of brain development. The distribution and morphology of PDGFRct positive （PDGFRa＋） cells were coincident with NG2＋ cells. The co- localization of NG2 and PDGFRu in the cell bodies and processes of some cells was confirmed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Moreover, cells double-labeled for NG2 and PDGFRa were predominantly in the early postnatal stage of development. The numbers of NG2＋/PDGFRa＋ cells and PDGFRa＋ cells decreased, but the number of NG2＋ cells increased from postnatal days 3 to 14 in the developing brain. In addition, amoeboid microglial cells of the corpus callosum, newborn brain macrophages in the normal developing brain, did not express NG2 or PDGFRu, but NG2 expression was detected in amoeboid microglia after hypoxia. The present results suggest that NG2 and PDGFRct are specific markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells at different stages during early development. Additionally, the NG2 protein is involved in inflammatory and pathological processes of amoeboid microglial cells.
