Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large d...Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.展开更多
Have you heard of NG2 cells or NG2 glia or polydendro- cytes~. These are new names for the precursor cells that used to be referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which become the oligodendrocytes tha...Have you heard of NG2 cells or NG2 glia or polydendro- cytes~. These are new names for the precursor cells that used to be referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which become the oligodendrocytes that myelinate central nervous system (CNS) axons. Evidence suggests, however, that they have other functions, besides differentiating into oligodendrocytes. Most notably, the OPCs/NG2 cells are uni- formly distributed in grey matter as well as in white matter, which matches poorly with the distribution of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, not every NG2 cell is fated to become an oligodendrocyte. Hence the term OPC can be fairly applied only when discussing the role of these cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage.展开更多
Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells) are a distinct type of glia that populate the developing and adult central nervous systems (CNS). In the adult CNS, they retain mitotic activity and represent the largest proliferating ...Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells) are a distinct type of glia that populate the developing and adult central nervous systems (CNS). In the adult CNS, they retain mitotic activity and represent the largest proliferating cell popula- tion. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulate the fate of polydendrocytes, which give rise to both oligo- dendrocytes and astrocytes. In addition, polydendrocytes actively differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendro- cytes in response to demyelination. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polydendrocyte development, which provides an important basis for understanding the mechanisms that lead to the remyelina- tion of demyelinated lesions.展开更多
基金supported by funding from FAPERGS under Grant No.1010267FAPERGS/PPSUS+8 种基金No.17/2551-0001FAPERGS/PRONEXNo.16/2551-0000499-4FAPERGS/CAPES under Grant No.19/25510000717-5Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico under Grants Nos.4011645/2012-6 and#5465346/2014-6Irish Research Council Government of Ireland Postdoctoral FellowshipNo.GOIPD/2022/792Irish Research Council Enterprise Postdoctoral FellowshipNo.EPSPD/2022/112。
文摘Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.
基金supported by NIH NS079631,Shriners Hospitals for Children and Craig H.Neilsen Foundation
文摘Have you heard of NG2 cells or NG2 glia or polydendro- cytes~. These are new names for the precursor cells that used to be referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which become the oligodendrocytes that myelinate central nervous system (CNS) axons. Evidence suggests, however, that they have other functions, besides differentiating into oligodendrocytes. Most notably, the OPCs/NG2 cells are uni- formly distributed in grey matter as well as in white matter, which matches poorly with the distribution of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, not every NG2 cell is fated to become an oligodendrocyte. Hence the term OPC can be fairly applied only when discussing the role of these cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage.
基金supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Healththe National Multiple Sclerosis Societythe Connecticut Stem Cell Research Program
文摘Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells) are a distinct type of glia that populate the developing and adult central nervous systems (CNS). In the adult CNS, they retain mitotic activity and represent the largest proliferating cell popula- tion. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulate the fate of polydendrocytes, which give rise to both oligo- dendrocytes and astrocytes. In addition, polydendrocytes actively differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendro- cytes in response to demyelination. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polydendrocyte development, which provides an important basis for understanding the mechanisms that lead to the remyelina- tion of demyelinated lesions.