以苯酚、丙酮为原料,以自制Keggin型配合物[(CH2)5NH2]4SiW12O40为催化剂,催化合成双酚A,并对目标产物进行了熔点测定、元素分析和红外光谱(IR)分析。考察了酚酮摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对双酚A收率的影响。结果表明:丙酮6 m...以苯酚、丙酮为原料,以自制Keggin型配合物[(CH2)5NH2]4SiW12O40为催化剂,催化合成双酚A,并对目标产物进行了熔点测定、元素分析和红外光谱(IR)分析。考察了酚酮摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对双酚A收率的影响。结果表明:丙酮6 m L(0.08 mol),n(苯酚):n(丙酮):n(催化剂)=4∶1∶0.04,甲苯45 m L,反应温度40℃,反应时间2 h,目标产物收率达到70%以上。展开更多
Density functional theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p） level of theory to study the hydrates of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O for n = 0～4. Neutrals of the most stable clusters, when n = 0 and 1, spontaneously formed a...Density functional theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p） level of theory to study the hydrates of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O for n = 0～4. Neutrals of the most stable clusters, when n = 0 and 1, spontaneously formed and were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of monomeric species. Double ions （clusters containing a NH4＋ cation and a HSO4- anion） or even ternary ions （clusters with two NH4＋ cations and one SO42- anion） spontaneously formed in the most stable clusters of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O （n = 2, 3, 4）. The energetics of binding and incremental association was also calculated. Double ions are not energetically favorable until 2NH3：H2SO4：2H2O because of the about equal free energies for forming the neutral （the most stable） and double ion （the second stable） isomers. The free energy of incremental association from free H2O and 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O has a maximum at n = 2 at room temperature with ΔG ≈ –2 kcal/mol. The comparison of incremental association energies between 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O, NH3：H2SO4：nH2O and H2SO4：nH2O clusters revealed that NH3 plays an important role in the atmospheric particle nucleation.展开更多
文摘以固体A l2(SO4)3.nH2O为催化剂,在微波辐射下,以α-萘乙酸和甲醇为原料合成了α-萘乙酸甲酯。考察了催化剂的用量、微波功率、微波辐射时间、醇酸比对酯产率的影响。实验结果表明,最佳实验条件为:催化剂用量6%,微波功率600 W,微波辐射时间28 m in,醇酸摩尔比12∶1,酯产率72.45%。
文摘以苯酚、丙酮为原料,以自制Keggin型配合物[(CH2)5NH2]4SiW12O40为催化剂,催化合成双酚A,并对目标产物进行了熔点测定、元素分析和红外光谱(IR)分析。考察了酚酮摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对双酚A收率的影响。结果表明:丙酮6 m L(0.08 mol),n(苯酚):n(丙酮):n(催化剂)=4∶1∶0.04,甲苯45 m L,反应温度40℃,反应时间2 h,目标产物收率达到70%以上。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20528706)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20090450385)
文摘Density functional theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p） level of theory to study the hydrates of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O for n = 0～4. Neutrals of the most stable clusters, when n = 0 and 1, spontaneously formed and were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of monomeric species. Double ions （clusters containing a NH4＋ cation and a HSO4- anion） or even ternary ions （clusters with two NH4＋ cations and one SO42- anion） spontaneously formed in the most stable clusters of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O （n = 2, 3, 4）. The energetics of binding and incremental association was also calculated. Double ions are not energetically favorable until 2NH3：H2SO4：2H2O because of the about equal free energies for forming the neutral （the most stable） and double ion （the second stable） isomers. The free energy of incremental association from free H2O and 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O has a maximum at n = 2 at room temperature with ΔG ≈ –2 kcal/mol. The comparison of incremental association energies between 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O, NH3：H2SO4：nH2O and H2SO4：nH2O clusters revealed that NH3 plays an important role in the atmospheric particle nucleation.
