Optimized analysis of sharpening characteristics of a compact RF pulse source based on a gyro-magnetic nonlinear transmission line for ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse application

We constructed a compact high-power RF pulse generator based on a gyro-magnetic nonlinear transmission line(GNLTL) to produce a high-voltage pulse with a sub-nanosecond rise time and a relatively high repetition rate, which shows great potential for application in the high-power ultrawideband electromagnetic effect, etc. The influence of incident pulse parameters(rise time and voltage amplitude) and line length on the sharpening characteristics of the GNLTL were investigated experimentally to optimize the rising rate of the modulated pulse front. Based on the GNLTL equivalent circuit model consisting of an LC ladder network, the rise time, the voltage conversion coefficient and the rising rate properties of a modulated pulse were also numerically analyzed in a wider range. The results show that a?>?90 k V RF pulse with a rise time of 350 ps and a repetition rate of 1 kHz in burst mode is produced by the GNLTL at an axial biasing magnetic field of 22 kA m^-1 and a line length of 30 cm under the condition of a 70 kV incident pulse. Applying a faster and higher incident pulse is conducive to improving the sharpening effect of the GNLTL. Furthermore, within a certain range, increasing the line length of the GNLTL not only reduces the rise time, but increases the voltage conversion coefficient and the rising rate of a modulated pulse. Furthermore, considering the energy loss of ferrite rings, there is an optimal line length to obtain the fastest rising rate of a modulated pulse front edge.

A k-band broadband monolithic distributed frequency multiplier based on nonlinear transmission line

A fabrication technology of GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode （PSVD） is successfully developed and used to design and manufacture CaAs-based monolithic frequency multiplication based on 23-section nonlinear transmission lines （NLTLs） consisting of a coplanar waveguide transmission line and periodically distributed PSVDs. The throughout design and optimization procedure of 23-section monolithic NLTLs for frequency multiplication in the k-band range is based on a large signal equivalent model of PSVD extracted from small-signal S-parameter measurements. This paper reports that the distributed SPVD exhibits a capacitance ratio of 5.4, a normalized capacitance of 0.86 fF/μm2 and a breakdown voltage in excess of 22 V. The integrated 23-section NLTLs fed by 20-dBm input power demonstrates a 26-GHz peak second harmonic output power of 14-dBm with 25.3% conversion efficiency in the second harmonic output frequency range of 6 GHz-26 GHz.

A monolithic distributed phase shifter based on right-handed nonlinear transmission lines at 30 GHz

The epitaxial material, device structure, and corresponding equivalent large signal circuit model of GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode are successfully developed to design and fabricate a monolithic phase shifter, which is based on right-handed nonlinear transmission lines and consists of a coplanar waveguide transmission line and periodically distributed GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode. The distributed-Schottky transmission-line-type phase shifter at a bias voltage greater than 1.5 V presents a continuous 0°–360° differential phase shift over a frequency range from 0 to 33 GHz. It is demonstrated that the minimum insertion loss is about 0.5 dB and that the return loss is less than-10 dB over the frequency band of 0–33 GHz at a reverse bias voltage less than 4.5 V. These excellent characteristics, such as broad differential phase shift, low insertion loss, and return loss, indicate that the proposed phase shifter can entirely be integrated into a phased array radar circuit.

A GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode for left-handed nonlinear transmission line applications

The left-handed nonlinear transmission line （LH-NLTL） based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit （MMIC） technology possesses significant advantages such as wide frequency band, high operating frequency, high conversion efficiency, and applications in millimeter and submillimeter wave frequency multiplier. The planar Schottky varactor diode （PSVD） is a major limitation to the performance of the LH-NLTL frequency multiplier as a nonlinear component. The design and the fabrication of the diode for such an application are presented. An accurate large-signal model of the diode is proposed. A 16 GHz-39,6 GHz LH NLTL frequency doubler using our large-signal model is reported for the first time. The measured maximum output powers of the 2nd harmonic are up to 8 dBm at 26.4 GHz, and above 0 dBm from 16 GHz to 39.6 GHz when the input power is 20 dBm. The application of the LH-NLTL frequency doubler furthermore validates the accuracy of the large-signal model of the PSVD.

Nonlinear properties of the lattice network-based nonlinear CRLH transmission lines

The nonlinear properties of lattice network-based（LNB） composite right-/left-handed transmission lines（CRLH TLs）with nonlinear capacitors are experimentally investigated.Harmonic generation,subharmonic generation,and parametric excitation are clearly observed in an unbalanced LNB CRLH TL separately.While the balanced design of the novel nonlinear TL shows that the subharmonic generation and parametric processes can be suppressed,and almost the same power level of the higher harmonics can be achieved over a wide bandwidth range,which are difficult to find in conventional CRLH TLs.

Exact solutions of the nonlinear differential-difference equations associated with the nonlinear electrical transmission line through a variable-coefficient discrete(G'/G)-expansion method

We investigated exact traveling soliton solutions for the nonlinear electrical transmission line. By applying a concise and straightforward method, the variable-coefficient discrete（G /G）-expansion method, we solve the nonlinear differential–difference equations associated with the network. We obtain some exact traveling wave solutions which include hyperbolic function solution, trigonometric function solution, rational solutions with arbitrary function, bright as well as dark solutions.

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF NONUNIFORM TRANSMISSION LINES WITH NONLINEAR TERMINAL NETWORKS

A semi-analytical method in time domain is presented for analysis of the transient response of nonuniform transmission lines. In this method, the telegraph equations in time domain is differenced in space domain first, and is transformed into a set of first-order differential equations of voltage and current with respect to time. By integrating these differential equations with respect to time, and precise computation, the solution of these differential equations can be obtained. This method can solve the transient response of various kinds of transmission lines with arbitrary terminal networks. Particularly, it can analyze the nonuniform lines with initial conditions, for which there is no existing effective method to analyze the time response so far. The results obtained with this method are stable and accurate. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of this method.

Mechanical analysis of transmission lines based on linear sliding cable element

In order to study the sliding characteristics when the cable structures are connected with other rods, a string of sliding cable dements （SCE） consisting of one active threenode SCE passing through the sliding point and multiple inactive two-node SCEs is put forward. Based on the updated Lagrangian formulation, the geometric nonlinear stiffness matrix of the three-node straight sliding cable dement is deduced. The examples about two-span and three-span continuous cable structures are studied to verify the effectiveness of the derived SCE. Comparing the cable tension of SCE with the existing research results, the calculating results show that the error is less than 1%. The sliding characteristics should be considered in practical engineering because of the obvious difference between the cable tension of the SCE and that of the cable element without considering sliding characteristics.

Mechanical response of transmission lines based on sliding cable element

In order to study the sliding characteristics when the cable is connected with the other rods in the transmission line structures,a linear sliding cable element based on updated Lagrangian formulation and a sliding catenary element considering the out-of-plane stiffness coefficient are put forward.A two-span and a three-span cable structures are taken as examples to verify the sliding cable elements.By comparing the tensions of the two proposed cable elements with the existing research results,the error is less than 1%,which proves the correctness of the proposed elements.The sliding characteristics should be considered in the practical engineering because of the significant difference between the tensions of sliding cable elements and those of cable element without considering sliding.The out-of-plane stiffness coefficient and friction characteristics do not obviously affect the cable tensions.

Modeling of Nonlinear Elements During Lightning Overvoltage Simulations

The paper presents some problems of lightning overvoltage modeling in transmission lines with nonlinear elements.The presented results were obtained mostly for fast front transients of subsequent lightning return stroke currents.The effectiveness of numerical algorithms of nonlinear models and possibilities of their development for such transients are analyzed.Computer simulations carried out by application of EMTP show that nonlinear models of back-flashover and ZnO arresters work properly,while the implemented corona model can not be used for relatively large peak values of subsequent lightning return-stroke currents.

Energy unidirectional transmission in an asymmetrically finite transmission line

The phenomenon of energy unidirectionM transmission is numerically investigated by using a system of two coupled discrete nonlinear electrical transmission lines, each line of the network contains a finite number of cells and has different pass band structures, respectively. Using numerical simulations, we examine the frequency multiplication of the driving frequency and the lattice filtering effect in the line. These lead to the generation of energy unidirectional transmission. In the present work, energy is carried by the second harmonic wave in the pass band. In addition, we also study the dependence of the energy efficiency on the driving amplitude and other parameters of the model, such as the system size and the nonlinear coefficient, by calculation. Furthermore, after detailed numerical simulation, an experimental demonstration is realized. The experimental results agree with those in simulation qualitatively.

Soliton excitation in the pass band of the transmission line based on modulation

We numerically investigate the excitation of soliton waves in the nonlinear electrical transmission line formed by many cells. When the periodic driving voltage with frequency in the pass band closing to the cutoff frequency is applied to the endpoint of the whole line, the soliton wave can be generated. The numerical results show that the soliton wave generation mainly depends on the self modulation associated with the nonlinear effect. In this study, the lower subharmonic component is also observed in the frequency spectrum. To further understand this phenomenon, we study the dependence of the subharmonic power spectrum and frequency on the forcing amplitude and frequency numerically, and find that the subharmonic frequency increases with the gradual growth of the driving amplitude.

Distortionless Lossy Transmission Lines Terminated by in Series Connected <i>RCL</i>-Loads

The paper deals with a lossy transmission line terminated at both ends by non-linear RCL elements. The mixed problem for the hyperbolic system, describing the transmission line, to an initial value problem for a neutral equation is reduced. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of periodic regimes are formulated. The proof is based on the finding out of suitable operator whose fixed point is a periodic solution of the neutral equation. The method has a good rate of convergence of the successive approximations even for high frequencies.

Closed form soliton solutions of three nonlinear fractional models through proposed improved Kudryashov method

We introduce a new integral scheme namely improved Kudryashov method for solving any nonlinear fractional differential model.Specifically,we apply the approach to the nonlinear space-time fractional model leading the wave to spread in electrical transmission lines(s-tfETL),the time fractional complex Schrödinger(tfcS),and the space-time M-fractional Schrödinger-Hirota(s-tM-fSH)models to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.The implementing of the introduced new technique based on the models provides us with periodic envelope,exponentially changeable soliton envelope,rational rogue wave,periodic rogue wave,combo periodic-soliton,and combo rational-soliton solutions,which are much interesting phenomena in nonlinear sciences.Thus the results disclose that the proposed technique is very effective and straight-forward,and such solutions of the models are much more fruitful than those from the generalized Kudryashov and the modified Kudryashov methods.

旋磁非线性传输线原理分析和初步实验

作为一种特殊的宽带高功率微波源,旋磁非线性传输线(gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines,GNLTL)由于中心频率高、易于调频以及可以高重频运行等特点,得到了广泛的关注。为明确GNLTL的特殊工作机理,对比分析GNLTL与传统旋磁应用场景的不同之处。从微观磁化动力学入手,针对GNLTL产生微波的原因进行定性解释。搭建一套低功率的验证实验装置,重点针对实验场景构建、GNLTL设计进行介绍。实验得到微波信号的中心频率为750 MHz,3 dB波束带宽达12%,峰值功率为245 kW,初步验证了GNLTL的微波产生效果。

基于NLTL的皮秒级快沿产生方法研究

分析了非线性传输线上升沿压缩原理与基本构成，研究了非线性元件与线性传输线相结合实现非线性传输线的可行性。从工程化设计角度，深入研究基于NLTL的皮秒级快沿的产生方法。给出了非线性元件参数、传输线参数与上升时间压缩参数之间的关系式，非线性传输线设计中参数的计算方法与过程。利用设计仿真验证了该方法的可行性，并通过实验电路测试探讨了工程化设计问题。

无人机巡检图像防振锤缺陷识别技术

针对输电线路外界影响因素过多,导致防振锤缺陷检测精准度较差且效率偏低的问题,提出了一种基于图像表达及像素点坐标的防振锤缺陷智能识别技术。利用非线性映射描述防振锤的细节及轮廓,预估防振锤因受力形变引起的阻尼力、刚度、质量与位移等参数变化情况。利用变换矩阵建立识别坐标系,计算防振锤各轴上关键点的旋转角及动态位姿,与待识别节点中参数表达不一致的节点即为缺陷部位。实验结果表明,所提技术在复杂背景形态下也能实现精准的缺陷识别,且噪声及失真现象的处理效果也较优,具有良好的鲁棒性及适用性。

基于NLTL结构的皮秒级窄脉冲产生方法

为了实现采样脉冲信号的极短上升沿,增大仪器的带宽,首先,对NLTL原理和肖特基二极管的结构、电流特性进行了分析和研究;然后,提出了一种新的基于NLTL结构产生窄脉冲的简易方法,该方法结构简单,电路仅由少量的肖特基二极管和电容电感组成;最后,用Multisim软件进行了仿真验证,产生了上升沿为110ps,脉冲宽度为180ps的窄脉冲。与其他研究相比,该方法产生的脉冲波形良好,振铃较少,无需集成,成本低廉,有较高的应用价值。

含有阻尼颗粒的零频防舞器试验研究

针对现阶段舞动防治的实际需求,以及传统防舞装置存在的不足,提出了一种基于非线性能量槽技术设计,并含有阻尼颗粒的零频防舞器,加工了多套样机用于开展试验研究。首先利用试验室内振动台、140 m试验导线,基于受迫振动试验方法,验证零频防舞器的阻尼和减振效果;再利用户外真型试验线路,进行长期跟踪监测分析对比,验证该装置实际防舞效果。试验结论表明,在舞动常见的0.1~2 Hz频率范围内,该防舞器在增大阻尼、抑制振幅方面有着较为显著的效果。在实际线路上加装该装置后,可有效提升架空导线防舞、抑舞能力,从而达到保护导线和金具、延长使用寿命的目的。

基于非线性结构分析的架空输电线路风致位移响应研究

高压输电线路的稳定性和可靠性是影响电网安全稳定运行的重要因素。因此,开展输电塔线体系的风致响应研究,一直是输电工程技术领域的研究热点。以220 kV输电线路为例,进行了脉动风场的数值模拟,分析了塔线体系的振动形态,重点研究了风载荷作用下导线的振动形态以及在不同工况下由导线振动引起的位移变化。深入分析了输电线路的瞬态动力学响应,包括对架空输电线路的模态分析、风载荷下的振动过程以及不同工况下塔线的位移变化。结果表明:铁塔与导线的振动主要为一阶模态、二阶模态低频振动;导线的振动模式主要影响塔线体系的振动,不同时刻下振动位移的最大值对系统安全运行有更严重的影响。研究分析结果对输电线路的防风抗灾、安全稳定运行具有指导意义。