Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs r...Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.展开更多
＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source ro...＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.展开更多
Cold stress is an important factor that limits apple production. In this study, we examined the tissue-cultured plantlets of apple rootstocks ‘M9T337' and ‘60-160', which are resistant and sensitive to cold ...Cold stress is an important factor that limits apple production. In this study, we examined the tissue-cultured plantlets of apple rootstocks ‘M9T337' and ‘60-160', which are resistant and sensitive to cold stress, respectively. The enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and physiological changes in ‘M9T337' and ‘60-160' plantlets were clearly different after cold stress(1°C) treatment for 48 h, suggesting that they have differential responses to cold stress. The differential expression of WRKY transcription factors in the two plantlets showed that MdWRKY40is and MdWRKY48 are potential regulators of cold tolerance. When we overexpressed MdWRKY40is and MdWRKY48in apple calli, the overexpression of MdWRKY48 had no significant effect on the callus, while MdWRKY40is overexpression promoted anthocyanin accumulation, increased callus cold tolerance, and promoted the expression of anthocyanin structural gene MdDFR and cold-signaling core gene MdCBF2. Yeast one-hybrid screening and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that MdWRKY40is could only bind to the MdDFR promoter. Yeast twohybrid screening and bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that MdWRKY40is interacts with the CBF2inhibitor MdMYB15L through the leucine zipper(LZ). When the LZ of MdWRMY40is was knocked out, MdWRKY40is overexpression in the callus did not affect MdCBF2 expression or callus cold tolerance, indicating that MdWRKY40is acts in the cold signaling pathway by interacting with MdMYB15L. In summary, MdWRKY40is can directly bind to the MdDFR promoter in order to promote anthocyanin accumulation, and it can also interact with MdMYB15L to interfere with its inhibitory effect on MdCBF2, indirectly promoting MdCBF2 expression, and thereby improving cold tolerance.These results provide a new perspective for the cold-resistance mechanism of apple rootstocks and a molecular basis for the screening of cold-resistant rootstocks.展开更多
The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on root and shoot growth of maize( Zea mays L.) and the uptake and accumulation of Cu2+ by its roots and shoots were investigated in the present study. The con...The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on root and shoot growth of maize( Zea mays L.) and the uptake and accumulation of Cu2+ by its roots and shoots were investigated in the present study. The concentrations of copper sulfate (CuSO4 (.) 5H(2)O) used were in the range of 10(-5) -10(-3)mol/L. Root growth decreased progressively with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in solution. The seedlings exposed to 10(-3) mol/L Cu2+ exhibited substantial growth reduction, yielding only 68% of the root length of the control. The shoot growth of the seedlings grown at 10(-5) -10(-4) mol/L Cu2+ were more or less the same as the control seedlings. The leaves treated with 10(-3) mol/L Cu2+ were obviously inhibited in shoot growth. The fresh and dry weights both in roots and shots decreased progressively with increasing Cu2+ concentration. This fits well with the above mentioned effects of copper sulfate on root growth. Zea mays has considerable ability to remove Cu from solutions and accumulate it. The Cu content in roots of Z. mays increased with increasing solution concentration of Cu2+. The amount of Cu in roots of plants treated with 10(-3), 10(-4) and 10(-5) mol/L Cu2+ were 10, 8 and 1.5 fold, respectively, greater than that of roots of control plane. However, the plants transported and concentrated only a small amount of Cu in their shoots.展开更多
Lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases,or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders....Lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases,or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.Mitochondrial dysfunction,lipofuscin accumulation,autophagy disruption,and ferroptosis have been implicated as the critical pathomechanisms of lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in these disorders.Currently,the connection between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation and the initial cause or consequence in neurodegeneration processes is unclear.In this review,we have compiled the known mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation triggers iron accumulation and lipofuscin formation,and the effect of iron overload on lipid peroxidation and cellular function.The vicious cycle established between both pathological alterations may lead to the development of neurodegeneration.Therefore,the investigation of these mechanisms is essential for exploring therapeutic strategies to restrict neurodegeneration.In addition,we discuss the interplay between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in neurodegeneration,particularly in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration,a rare neurodegenerative disease with autosomal recessive inheritance,which belongs to the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1301300)。
文摘Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.
基金supported by the National Major Grant of"Accumulation Law,Key Technologies and Evaluations of the Stratigraphic Reservoirs"(No.2008ZX05000-001) from the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina
文摘＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2021MC045)the Key Research & Development Plan (Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project) of Shandong Province, China (2021LZGC024)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27)。
文摘Cold stress is an important factor that limits apple production. In this study, we examined the tissue-cultured plantlets of apple rootstocks ‘M9T337' and ‘60-160', which are resistant and sensitive to cold stress, respectively. The enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and physiological changes in ‘M9T337' and ‘60-160' plantlets were clearly different after cold stress(1°C) treatment for 48 h, suggesting that they have differential responses to cold stress. The differential expression of WRKY transcription factors in the two plantlets showed that MdWRKY40is and MdWRKY48 are potential regulators of cold tolerance. When we overexpressed MdWRKY40is and MdWRKY48in apple calli, the overexpression of MdWRKY48 had no significant effect on the callus, while MdWRKY40is overexpression promoted anthocyanin accumulation, increased callus cold tolerance, and promoted the expression of anthocyanin structural gene MdDFR and cold-signaling core gene MdCBF2. Yeast one-hybrid screening and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that MdWRKY40is could only bind to the MdDFR promoter. Yeast twohybrid screening and bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that MdWRKY40is interacts with the CBF2inhibitor MdMYB15L through the leucine zipper(LZ). When the LZ of MdWRMY40is was knocked out, MdWRKY40is overexpression in the callus did not affect MdCBF2 expression or callus cold tolerance, indicating that MdWRKY40is acts in the cold signaling pathway by interacting with MdMYB15L. In summary, MdWRKY40is can directly bind to the MdDFR promoter in order to promote anthocyanin accumulation, and it can also interact with MdMYB15L to interfere with its inhibitory effect on MdCBF2, indirectly promoting MdCBF2 expression, and thereby improving cold tolerance.These results provide a new perspective for the cold-resistance mechanism of apple rootstocks and a molecular basis for the screening of cold-resistant rootstocks.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No .39870 0 47) .
文摘The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on root and shoot growth of maize( Zea mays L.) and the uptake and accumulation of Cu2+ by its roots and shoots were investigated in the present study. The concentrations of copper sulfate (CuSO4 (.) 5H(2)O) used were in the range of 10(-5) -10(-3)mol/L. Root growth decreased progressively with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in solution. The seedlings exposed to 10(-3) mol/L Cu2+ exhibited substantial growth reduction, yielding only 68% of the root length of the control. The shoot growth of the seedlings grown at 10(-5) -10(-4) mol/L Cu2+ were more or less the same as the control seedlings. The leaves treated with 10(-3) mol/L Cu2+ were obviously inhibited in shoot growth. The fresh and dry weights both in roots and shots decreased progressively with increasing Cu2+ concentration. This fits well with the above mentioned effects of copper sulfate on root growth. Zea mays has considerable ability to remove Cu from solutions and accumulate it. The Cu content in roots of Z. mays increased with increasing solution concentration of Cu2+. The amount of Cu in roots of plants treated with 10(-3), 10(-4) and 10(-5) mol/L Cu2+ were 10, 8 and 1.5 fold, respectively, greater than that of roots of control plane. However, the plants transported and concentrated only a small amount of Cu in their shoots.
基金supported by FIS PI16/00786(2016)and FIS PI19/00377(2019)grantsthe Ministerio de Sanidad,Spain and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER Unión Europea)Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport.This activity has been co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)and by the Regional Ministry of Economic Transformation,Industry,Knowledge and Universities of the Junta de Andalucía,within the framework of the ERDF Andalusia operational program 2014-2020 Thematic objective“01-Reinforcement of research,technological development and innovation”through the reference research project CTS-5725 and PY18-850(to JASA).
文摘Lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases,or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.Mitochondrial dysfunction,lipofuscin accumulation,autophagy disruption,and ferroptosis have been implicated as the critical pathomechanisms of lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in these disorders.Currently,the connection between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation and the initial cause or consequence in neurodegeneration processes is unclear.In this review,we have compiled the known mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation triggers iron accumulation and lipofuscin formation,and the effect of iron overload on lipid peroxidation and cellular function.The vicious cycle established between both pathological alterations may lead to the development of neurodegeneration.Therefore,the investigation of these mechanisms is essential for exploring therapeutic strategies to restrict neurodegeneration.In addition,we discuss the interplay between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in neurodegeneration,particularly in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration,a rare neurodegenerative disease with autosomal recessive inheritance,which belongs to the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.
