Background Among various treatments preventing vein graft restenosis, external stent is receiving more and more attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-restrictive external stent on the prevention...Background Among various treatments preventing vein graft restenosis, external stent is receiving more and more attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-restrictive external stent on the prevention of vein graft restenosis and the potential mechanisms of platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF） in the process of restenosis.Methods Thirty-six ＂New Zealand white rabbits＂ were randomly divided into two groups, stented group （group S） and control group （non-stented group, group NS）. Each rabbit underwent a reversed autologous external jugular vein into common carotid artery bypass grafting. In group S, the vein grafts were surrounded by a non restrictive stent which was 6 mm in diameter （a kind of Dacron vascular prosthesis）; and in group NS, there was no stent to support the vein grafts.The grafts were harvested at the first week （1W）, second week （2W） and fourth week （4W） after surgery respectively. The dimensions （including the thickness and area of the intima and media, luminal area） were measured by computer-aided image analysis system, and the intimal hyperplasia ratio was defined as the percentage of the area enclosed by the internal elastic lamina occupied by the intima.Results At 1W, the difference of the thickness and area of the intima between groups S and NS was not significant （P 〉0.05）; at 2W and 4W, the thickness and area of the intima and the intimal hyperplasia ratio in group S were less significant than those in group NS （P 〈0.05）; from 1W to 4W, the thickness and area of the media in group S were smaller than those in group NS （P〈0.05）. Immunocytochemistry staining of PDGF-B showed that the percentage of positive cells of intima in both two groups was peaked at 2W, and a significantly smaller percentage was detected in group S compared with that in group NS at 2W and 4W （P 〈0.05）; the percentage of PDGF-B positive cells of media in both two groups was also peaked at 2W, and that in group S was smaller than that in group NS from 1W to 4W （P 〈0.05）; and the percentage of PDGF-B positive cells of adventitia in group S was peaked at 4W, whereas the percentage of adventitia in group NS peaked at 2W, and the percentage of adventitia in group S was greater than in group NS at 4W （P 〈0.05）.Conclusions Non-restrictive external stenting inhibits the hyperplasia of the intima and media of the vein grafts and reduces the thickness and area of the intima and media; Non-restrictive external stenting inhibits the synthesis of PDGF and changes its distribution, and then inhibits the hyperplasia of the intima.展开更多
This paper attacks the conservatism of grammar teaching in China.It takes the example of teachingnon-restrictive clauses in English and demonstrates that a communicative approach can and should beapplied even to such ...This paper attacks the conservatism of grammar teaching in China.It takes the example of teachingnon-restrictive clauses in English and demonstrates that a communicative approach can and should beapplied even to such a linguistic subject.A procedure is suggested in which group work and problem-solving activities attempt to raise students’awareness of grammar problems and encourage them to findtheir own solutions.展开更多
The attributive clause is a common sentencetype in English.Its position is very flexible. The way of translation the at-tributive clause is involved with the restrictive clause and the non-restrictive clause.In common...The attributive clause is a common sentencetype in English.Its position is very flexible. The way of translation the at-tributive clause is involved with the restrictive clause and the non-restrictive clause.In common translation practice,it must be analyzed concretely according to different cases.展开更多
According to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution,Basel Convention for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal,Solid W...According to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution,Basel Convention for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal,Solid Waste Import Management Method and other relevant laws and regulations,the Ministry of Environmental Protection,Ministry of Commerce,National Development and Reform Commission,General Administration of Customs,as well as General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine jointly released announcement to make adjustment and revision of the current Prohibited Import Catalogues of Solid Wastes,Restricted Import Catelogues of Solid Waste Used as Raw Material and Non-restricted Import Catelogues of Solid Waste Used as Raw Material,and released Imported Waste Management Catalogues(2017)on August 16th,2017.展开更多
文摘Background Among various treatments preventing vein graft restenosis, external stent is receiving more and more attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-restrictive external stent on the prevention of vein graft restenosis and the potential mechanisms of platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF） in the process of restenosis.Methods Thirty-six ＂New Zealand white rabbits＂ were randomly divided into two groups, stented group （group S） and control group （non-stented group, group NS）. Each rabbit underwent a reversed autologous external jugular vein into common carotid artery bypass grafting. In group S, the vein grafts were surrounded by a non restrictive stent which was 6 mm in diameter （a kind of Dacron vascular prosthesis）; and in group NS, there was no stent to support the vein grafts.The grafts were harvested at the first week （1W）, second week （2W） and fourth week （4W） after surgery respectively. The dimensions （including the thickness and area of the intima and media, luminal area） were measured by computer-aided image analysis system, and the intimal hyperplasia ratio was defined as the percentage of the area enclosed by the internal elastic lamina occupied by the intima.Results At 1W, the difference of the thickness and area of the intima between groups S and NS was not significant （P 〉0.05）; at 2W and 4W, the thickness and area of the intima and the intimal hyperplasia ratio in group S were less significant than those in group NS （P 〈0.05）; from 1W to 4W, the thickness and area of the media in group S were smaller than those in group NS （P〈0.05）. Immunocytochemistry staining of PDGF-B showed that the percentage of positive cells of intima in both two groups was peaked at 2W, and a significantly smaller percentage was detected in group S compared with that in group NS at 2W and 4W （P 〈0.05）; the percentage of PDGF-B positive cells of media in both two groups was also peaked at 2W, and that in group S was smaller than that in group NS from 1W to 4W （P 〈0.05）; and the percentage of PDGF-B positive cells of adventitia in group S was peaked at 4W, whereas the percentage of adventitia in group NS peaked at 2W, and the percentage of adventitia in group S was greater than in group NS at 4W （P 〈0.05）.Conclusions Non-restrictive external stenting inhibits the hyperplasia of the intima and media of the vein grafts and reduces the thickness and area of the intima and media; Non-restrictive external stenting inhibits the synthesis of PDGF and changes its distribution, and then inhibits the hyperplasia of the intima.
文摘This paper attacks the conservatism of grammar teaching in China.It takes the example of teachingnon-restrictive clauses in English and demonstrates that a communicative approach can and should beapplied even to such a linguistic subject.A procedure is suggested in which group work and problem-solving activities attempt to raise students’awareness of grammar problems and encourage them to findtheir own solutions.
文摘The attributive clause is a common sentencetype in English.Its position is very flexible. The way of translation the at-tributive clause is involved with the restrictive clause and the non-restrictive clause.In common translation practice,it must be analyzed concretely according to different cases.
文摘According to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution,Basel Convention for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal,Solid Waste Import Management Method and other relevant laws and regulations,the Ministry of Environmental Protection,Ministry of Commerce,National Development and Reform Commission,General Administration of Customs,as well as General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine jointly released announcement to make adjustment and revision of the current Prohibited Import Catalogues of Solid Wastes,Restricted Import Catelogues of Solid Waste Used as Raw Material and Non-restricted Import Catelogues of Solid Waste Used as Raw Material,and released Imported Waste Management Catalogues(2017)on August 16th,2017.
