Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and intake pre-heating on performance and emission characteristics of dual fuel engines at part loads

Achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx,CO and unburned hydrocarbon(UHC) emissions without compromising engine performance at part loads is the current focus of dual fuel engine research.The present work focuses on an experimental investigation conducted on a dual fuel(diesel-natural gas) engine to examine the simultaneous effect of inlet air pre-heating and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) ratio on performance and emission characteristics at part loads.The use of EGR at high levels seems to be unable to improve the engine performance at part loads.However,it is shown that EGR combined with pre-heating of inlet air can slightly increase thermal efficiency,resulting in reduced levels of both unburned hydrocarbon and NOx emissions.CO and UHC emissions are reduced by 24% and 31%,respectively,The NOx emissions decrease by 21% because of the lower combustion temperature due to the much inert gas brought by EGR and decreased oxygen concentration in the cylinder.

Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/n-butanol blends with split-injection and exhaust gas recirculation stratification

Oxygen fuels have broad application prospects and great potential for realizing efficient and clean combustion,and hence this study applies diesel/n-butanol blends to explore the influence of split-injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics.Simultaneously,changing the way of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)gas introduction forms uneven in-cylinder components distribution,and utilizing EGR stratification optimizes the combustion process and allows better emission results.The results show that the split-injection strategy can reduce the NO_(x)emissions and keep smoke opacity low compared with the single injection,but the rise in accumulation mode particles is noticeable.NO_(x)emissions show an upward trend as the injection interval expands,while soot emissions are significantly reduced.The increase in pre-injection proportion causes the apparent low-temperature heat release,and the two-stage heat release can be observed during the process of main combustion heat release.More pre-injection mass makes NO_(x)gradually increase,but smoke opacity reaches the lowest point at 15%pre-injection proportion.EGR stratification can optimize the emission results under the split injection strategy,especially the considerable suppression of accumulation mode particulate emissions.Above all,fuel stratification coupled with EGR stratification is beneficial for further realizing the in-cylinder purification of pollutants.

Collaborative optimization of exhaust gas recirculation and Miller cycle of two-stage turbocharged marine diesel engines based on particle swarm optimization

To meet increasingly stringent emission standards and lower the brake-specific fuel consumption(BSFC)of marine engines,a collaborative optimization study of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)and a Miller cycle coupled turbocharging system was carried out.In this study,a one-dimensional numerical model of the EGR,Miller cycle,and adjustable two-stage turbocharged engine based on WeiChai 6170 marine diesel engine was established.The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to achieve multi-input and multi-objective comprehensive optimization,and the effects of EGR-coupled Miller regulation and high-pressure turbine bypass regulation on NO_(x)and BSFC were investigated.The results showed that a medium EGR rate-coupled medium Miller degree was better for the comprehensive optimization of NO_(x)and BSFC.At medium EGR rate and low turbine bypass rates,NO_(x)and BSFC were relatively balanced and acceptable.Finally,an optimal steady-state control strategy under full loads was proposed.With an increase in loads,the optimized turbine bypass rate and Miller degree gradually increased.Compared with the EGRonly system,the optimal system of EGR and Miller cycle coupled turbine bypass reduced NO_(x)by 0.87 g/(kW·h)and BSFC by 17.19 g/(kW·h)at 100%load.Therefore,the EGR and Miller cycle coupled adjustable two-stage turbocharging achieves NO_(x)and BSFC optimization under full loads.

EFFECTS OF COOLED EXTERNAL EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON DIESEL HOMOGENEOUS CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

The effects of cooled external exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） on the combustion and emission performance of diesel fuel homogeneous charge compression ignition （HCCI） are studied. Homogeneous mixture is formed by injecting fuel in-cylinder in the negative valve overlap （NVO） period. So, the HCCI combustion which has low NOx and smoke emission is achieved. Cooled external EGR can delay the start of combustion effectively, which is very useful for high cetane fuel （diesel） HCCI, because these fuels can easily self-ignition, which makes the start of combustion more early. External EGR can avoid the knock combustion of HCCI at high load which means that the EGR can expand the high load limit. HCCI maintains low smoke emission at various EGR rate and various load compared with conventional diesel engine because there is no fuel-rich area in cylinder.

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and ethyl hexyl nitrate additive on biodiesel fuelled diesel engine for the reduction of NOx emissions

Cetane improvers reduce the ignition delay, which in turn reduces the combustion temperatures thereby reduce NOx emissions. Exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） proved to be an effective way to reduce the NOx emissions. In this present experimental work, a combination of exhaust gas recirculation and cetane improver ethyl hexyl nitrate （EHN） is used to investigate the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder four stroke naturally aspirated direct injection and air cooled diesel engine. Test results show that the brake thermal efficiency increases with the increase in the percentage of EGR which is accompanied by a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperatures, and that bio- diesel with cetane improver under 20% EGR reduces NOx emissions by 33% when compared to baseline fuel without EGR. However carbon monoxide （CO）, hydro carbon （HC） and smoke emissions increase with an increase in percentage of EGR.

Experimental Investigation for NO_x Emission Reduction in Hydrogen Fueled Spark Ignition Engine Using Spark Timing Retardation, Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Water Injection Techniques

The experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder hydrogen fueled spark ignition(SI)generator set with different spark timings(4-20℃A bTDC),exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)up to 28% by volume and water injection up to 1.95 kg/h(maximum water to fuel mass ratio of 8:1).The engine speed was kept constant of 3000 r/min.The NOx emission and thermal efficiency of engine with gasoline and hydrogen fuel operation at 1.4 kW power output are 5 g/kWh and 12.1 g/kWh,and 15% and 20.9% respectively.In order to reduce the NOx emission at source level,retarding spark timing,exhaust gas recirculation(EGR),and water injection techniques were studied.Nox emission decreased with spark timing retardation,EGR,and water injection.NOx emission with hydrogen at 1.4 kW power output decreased from 12.1 g/kWh with maximum brake torque(MBT)spark timing(10℃A bTDC)to 8.1 g/kWh with retarded spark timing(4℃A bTDC)due to decrease in the in-cylinder peak pressure and temperature.The Nox emission decreased to 6.1 g/kWh with 20% EGR due to thermal and chemical dilution effect.However,thermal efficiency decreased about 33% and 17% with spark timing retardation and 20EGR respectively as compared to that of MBT spark timing.But,in the case of water injection,the NOx emission decreased significantly without affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine and it is 5.6 g/kWh with water-hydrogen ratio of 4:1(water flow rate of 0.92 kg/h).Water injection is the best suitable method to reduce the NOx emission in a hydrogen fueled engine compared with the spark timing retardation and EGR technique.

甲醇和EGR降低柴油机NO_x和碳烟排放的试验研究

在4100QBZL增压中冷柴油机上进行了M15甲醇柴油的试验研究。在维持原机动力性的基础上,研究了不同EGR率对柴油机燃用M15甲醇柴油时的动力性、经济性、燃烧特性、NOx和碳烟排放的影响。结果表明:甲醇可以同时降低柴油机的NOx和碳烟排放,但造成柴油机动力性下降,经济性变差。增加9.5%的供油量后,柴油机可以维持原机的动力性,碳烟排放较低,但NOx排放量大幅度上升。采用EGR系统后,随着EGR率的增加,最高缸压、最大放热率和缸内温度逐渐降低,所对应的曲轴转角后移,NOx排放大幅度降低,烟度有不同程度的恶化。在维持动力性和经济性的基础上选择合适的EGR率可以使柴油机的NOx排放和烟度排放均低于燃用0#柴油。

增压中冷柴油机EGR数值模拟与试验研究

建立了带废气再循环(EGR)系统的增压中冷柴油机工作过程热力学计算模型,并进行数值模拟,模拟计算与试验结果表明两者基本吻合,误差在合理范围内。在此基础上,研究EGR在不同工况下对柴油机动力性、经济性和排放性的影响,并根据柴油机的综合性能对各工况下最佳EGR率进行优化,得出理想的EGR控制MAP图。最后按照模拟计算结果搭建试验平台,并进行试验研究。研究结果表明:13工况排放测试循环工况的NOx和碳烟排放分别为3.0g/(kW.h)和0.45g/(kW.h),满足欧Ⅳ排放法规的要求。

EGR结合机外净化技术降低柴油机排放的研究

针对增压直喷柴油机开展全面净化的研究,设计了一套废气再循环(EGR)结合机外废气净化(EGC)系统,该系统能在柴油机较宽转速和负荷范围内有效净化废气排放。试验结果表明,EGR结合EGC技术在降低柴油机的废气排放方面具有很大突破。

EGR系统对柴油发动机排放性能的影响

为了降低柴油机的NO_X的排放,所设计EGR的系统采用并联的文曲利管对EGR率进行控制。通过建立计算EGR率的数学模型,可以控制废气再循环系统的EGR率,为EGR的设计提供了依据。对文曲利管的工作特点进行了分析,对采用文曲利管的EGR系统进行了分析计算,计算出了典型的EGR系统的文曲利管的相关结构参数。结合试验结果分析了EGR系统对柴油发动机排放的影响,得到了EGR系统能够有效地降低柴油机的NO_X的排放的结论。

汽车排气再循环(EGR)控制系统的设计

针对当前国内汽车排放标准的日益严格,依据发动机EGR控制系统的要求和特点,简单介绍EGR系统的工作原理,为了控制排放,通过发动机排放试验,设计了EGR控制系统的硬件以及控制软件,实验表明,采用EGR技术,可以降低NOx的排放,但HC、CO和PM排放有所增加。

农用柴油机EGR控制系统电路设计

针对增压直喷柴油机,开展废气再循环(EGR)技术的电子控制研究与应用,以降低氮氧化物(NOx)排放。依据柴油机EGR控制系统的工作特点和功能要求,以80C196单片机为核心,进行了控制系统的硬件电路设计和控制软件编写。发动机负荷特性试验表明,柴油机在应用EGR控制系统后,NOx排放大幅降低,HC和CO排放略有增加,柴油机动力性和经济性与原机相当,验证了EGR电控系统设计的合理性。

高压共轨柴油机EGR控制逻辑设计与控制脉谱标定

为了在满足排放法规限值的前提下,尽可能地降低油耗,设计了EGR的控制逻辑。EGR控制系统采用前馈控制与闭环控制相结合的形式,外环控制回路以设定的新鲜空气量作为输入,在线计算EGR阀的开度,间接调节EGR率。通过柴油机排放试验标定了EGR控制的脉谱,并进行了EGR控制的验证试验。结果表明,EGR控制逻辑运行稳定,控制参数易于标定。

柴油机冷EGR温度控制器的研究

为了降低柴油机NOx的排放量,设计了一种冷EGR温度控制器。该控制器可通过控制直流电动水泵的转速来调节冷却水的循环量,确保不同工况下的最佳EGR冷却温度。通过传感器信号获得EGR的冷却温度,如果EGR的冷却温度不在最佳冷却温度范围内,控制器通过PID控制改变脉宽调制信号PWM的占空比来调整水泵电机的平均电压以改变水泵的转速进而调节冷却水的循环量,从而实现冷EGR温度的自动控制。在CA498型柴油机上对该温度控制器进行了试验,结果表明,与未冷却的EGR系统相比,该冷EGR温度控制器可以有效地降低NOx的排放量。

柴油机EGR系统反馈控制参数研究

基于GT-Power软件建立了YC4E170-31型涡轮增压柴油机的仿真模型,并通过对比试验数据校核了仿真模型。在分析废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)对柴油机进气状态影响基础上,利用构建的仿真模型,研究了不同进气成分下热效应、稀释效应、化学效应对柴油机NOx排放的影响,对比分析了分别选择进气氧气质量分数和EGR率作为控制目标时,NOx排放随进气流量变化的趋势。结果表明:当进气流量一定时,氧气质量分数是影响NOx生成的主要参数,稀释效应对NOx排放的影响程度远高于热力及化学作用;瞬态工况下,选取EGR率作为EGR的控制参数是有局限性的,进气氧气质量分数与NOx排放的相关程度更高,更适合作为反映NOx排放生成的控制参数。

电控EGR台架试验设计与应用

为了降低柴油机氮氧化物(NOx)的排放,在YC6A260电控组合单体泵增压柴油机上,设计并加装了包括文丘里管、废气再循环(EGR)冷却器、EGR阀的电控EGR系统,并对所设计系统进行台架试验.结果表明,电控EGR系统可以很好地实现废气再循环,且能很好地降低NOx的排放,验证了此EGR系统的有效性,对EGR系统在重载柴油机上的应用有一定的参考价值.

基于EGR耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术

为了提升柴油机应用过程有害废气排放控制的效果,提出基于EGR耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术。以燃油燃烧各阶段为基础,构建柴油机燃烧模型,分别深入分析EGR技术与米勒循环技术对废气排放的影响,衡量指标为EGR率与米勒度。以废气排放影响分析结果为依据,以排放控制效果最佳为目标,确定EGR技术与米勒循环技术的最佳耦合方案,实现柴油机废气排放的最佳控制。实验数据表明,应用EGR耦合米勒循环技术后,废气排放量低于实际废气排放量,并低于EGR技术与米勒循环技术对应排放量,充分证实了该技术具备较好的排放控制效果,为大气环境保护提供帮助。

EGR对电控共轨二甲醚发动机排放影响的研究

研究了中高负荷时不同轨压和喷油提前角下,废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)对电控共轨二甲醚发动机排放的影响。研究结果表明:中等负荷时,随着EGR率的增大,发动机油耗率呈先减小后增大的趋势,氮氧化物(NOx)排放显著降低;对于HC和CO排放,在EGR率小于27%时基本保持不变,在EGR率增至27%时显著增加;采用27%左右EGR率,可将NOx排放降至0.5g/(kW·h)以内,此时轨压及提前角对NOx排放的影响消失。高负荷时,随着EGR率增大,发动机油耗率逐渐增大;NOx排放显著降低,轨压和提前角的变化对NOx排放影响减小;HC和CO排放逐渐增大。可通过轨压及喷油提前角的优选有效地控制中高负荷下NOx、HC、CO排放及油耗率。

EGR技术在柴油机上的应用

在A498BPG柴油机上进行EGR匹配试验,通过检测可知,A498BPG在使用高嘴端压力喷油泵、小孔径喷油器和匹配EGR系统后,NOx排放大幅度降低,达到了欧洲非道路用柴油机第三阶段排放法规要求。

米勒循环与EGR耦合对增压柴油机性能的影响

以某6缸四冲程两级增压船用柴油机为研究对象,建立两级增压柴油机米勒循环与废气再循环(Exhaust Gas Recirculation,EGR)耦合仿真模型,研究米勒循环和EGR耦合对两级增压柴油机燃油消耗率和NOx排放的影响.结果表明,当米勒度为-40°CA时,燃油消耗率相对原机降低3.5%,NOx排放相对原机降低25.5%;EGR率为30%时,燃油消耗率相对原机增加5.0%,NOx排放降低98.7%;当米勒度为-30°CA与EGR率为20%时,燃油消耗率相对原机仅增加0.1%,NOx排放降低92.7%.