Non-Deterministic Liveness-Enforcing Supervisor Tolerant to Sensor-Reading Modification Attacks

In this paper, we study the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems assuming that cyber-attacks might occur. In particular, we focus on the problem of liveness enforcement and consider a sensor-reading modification attack(SM-attack) that may disguise the occurrence of an event as that of another event by intruding sensor communication channels. To solve the problem, we introduce non-deterministic supervisors in the paper, which associate to every observed sequence a set of possible control actions offline and choose a control action from the set randomly online to control the system. Specifically, given a bounded Petri net(PN) as the reference formalism and an SMattack, an algorithm that synthesizes a liveness-enforcing nondeterministic supervisor tolerant to the SM-attack is proposed for the first time.

山羊NPC1基因核心启动子鉴定与转录调控分析

NPC1基因编码的C型尼曼匹克蛋白1(NPC1)参与脂筏形成、病原微生物内吞以及内吞体的胞内转运等过程。本试验旨在阐明海南黑山羊NPC1基因的转录调控机制,为研究病原微生物与宿主细胞互作提供理论参考。首先,以山羊NPC1基因1466 bp启动子序列为模板,构建9个启动子5'端连续缺失的双荧光素酶报告载体,筛选NPC1基因核心启动子区;继而对核心启动子区的关键转录因子进行预测分析,构建转录因子结合位点缺失的双荧光素酶报告载体,筛选NPC1基因的关键转录因子结合位点。结果表明:山羊NPC1基因的核心启动子区位于转录起始位点上游-195 bp至-60 bp,并且该区域存在E2F3(-134/-120 bp)、SREBP-1(-107/-96 bp)、SP1(-68/-62 bp)等多个转录因子结合位点。双荧光素酶报告实验结果表明,缺失E2F3、SREBP-1、SP1三个转录因子结合位点均会使山羊NPC1基因启动子的转录活性显著下降(P<0.01),且缺失SREBP-1结合位点后NPC1基因转录活性下降最显著。提示,SREBP-1转录因子对海南黑山羊NPC1基因转录活性具有重要的调控作用。本试验成功鉴定山羊NPC1基因的核心启动子区(-195/-60 bp)及该区域的关键转录因子结合位点SREBP-1,为进一步研究山羊NPC1基因介导病原微生物与宿主互作分子机制提供理论基础。

NPC三电平整流器的混合参数自适应控制

为降低中点箝位型(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平整流器的电流谐波,在dq同步旋转坐标系下推导出带中点电压耦合项的NPC三电平整流器数学模型,并分析中点电压对电流控制的影响。对模型中的中点电压耦合项和交流侧等效电阻会增大电流谐波及无法通过常规方法进行准确估计的问题,设计一种混合参数自适应的迭代学习控制方法,以进行解耦控制并消除不确定参数的影响。通过构造Lyapunov函数和理论推导验证控制方法的稳定性。在整流器硬件平台上进行试验验证,结果表明,所设计的控制方法可有效降低电流谐波。

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器(eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI)拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后,通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿;最后,设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。

NPC型直挂储能变流器桥臂断路故障下低电压穿越的容错控制

NPC型直挂储能变流器长期运行可能发生桥臂断路故障造成设备停运以及影响低电压故障穿越,基于故障相与直流母线中点直连构成虚拟桥臂重构容错故障拓扑,提出了基于模型预测控制的桥臂容错低电压穿越控制策略。考虑重构后的容错拓扑结构降低了直流侧电压的利用率,研究分析了该容错结构进行低压穿越的最大输出电流整定方法。由于低电压穿越过程中电压跌落后的容错拓扑输出特性发生改变,对储能直挂容错结构的输出电流、电压进行模型预测矢量分析,推导出电压跌落与最大输出电流的关系式。在重构的空间电压矢量内选择能够支撑低电压穿越的矢量状态,控制储能变流器按照低电压穿越技术规范进行有功无功功率分配,支撑电网电压。仿真结果验证了所提出的控制策略保证容错拓扑结构可以在桥臂故障期间运行的有效性以及低电压穿越过程中提供无功功率支撑的可靠性。

流行语·说“NPC”

“NPC”是nonplayer character的缩写,意为非玩家角色,是指在电子游戏中那些不受真人玩家操控的角色类型,它们有设置好的固定的任务和台词,由玩家触发而启动。“NPC”“低微”的身份、“寡味”的对话、“死板”的任务,使之显得可有可无,其虽对游戏有点缀、丰富之用,但多被视为边角料。

NPC三电平虚拟同步机桥臂故障容错模型预测控制

虚拟同步机VSG(virtual synchronous generator)通过模拟同步机特性为新能源并网提供惯性和阻尼。然而,电力电子开关器件高频开关过程中可能会发生断路故障,导致输出电流波形严重畸变,影响电网安全稳定运行。针对中点箝位型NPC(neutral point clamped)三电平VSG桥臂故障问题,提出一种中点电压均衡的VSG容错模型预测控制策略。分析NPC三电平VSG单相桥臂故障后运行机理,在开关器件故障后利用直流侧电容组成虚拟桥臂,重构为VSG桥臂故障容错结构。建立故障情况下预测电流模型,重构故障状态空间电压矢量,将直流侧中点电容电压引入容错模型代价函数,减小电容电压波动,实现VSG桥臂故障容错运行。实验结果表明,在开关器件发生故障后,NPC三电平VSG能容错连续运行,验证了所提模型预测容错控制策略的有效性,提高了VSG运行可靠性。

代入、演绎、黏合:作为沉浸式文旅景观的真人NPC

沉浸式文旅的风靡,使真人NPC作为一种新兴职业进入大众视野。从游客到玩家,从凝视到参与,从观赏到互动,沉浸式文旅体验中,真人NPC通过符号表征建构自我身份,既是文旅游戏的“摆渡人”,又是体验互动的“掌控者”,全知视角固化其角色地位和玩家认同。真人NPC通过符号包装重塑文旅场景,全感官包裹增强现实性的“真”,开放叙事再造合法性的“善”,深度互动营造戏剧性的“美”,全感官演绎场景维度。通过符号消费生产文旅价值,耦合游戏空间、文化空间和消费空间,黏合玩家对文旅场景的集体记忆和文化认同,促进空间消费。真人NPC已作为沉浸式文旅景观存在,但“工具人”“舒适物”“消费品”的刻板印象,易使其在符号消费和过度营销中迷失自我,从而导致情感耗竭。

基于NPC三电平的永磁同步电机控制研究

基于NPC(neutral point clamped,中点钳位型)三电平逆变器的永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)的矢量控制系统中,传统的直角坐标系SVPWM算法三角函数计算量大,系统计算时间长,软件程序复杂,而且存在中点电位不平衡的问题,影响电流、电机转速和转矩。本文构建了以基于gh坐标系的NPC三电平逆变器为核心的PMSM矢量控制系统,提出了一种基于电荷预测的中点电位平衡调节控制方案,并搭建了PMSM控制系统的仿真模型和实验平台,通过仿真和实验对控制系统进行了检验,结果表明使用该方法的PMSM运行情况良好,具有较好的实用性。

基于矩形区域分类的NPC型H桥级联五电平逆变器简化模型预测电压控制

为进一步提高中点电压钳制(neutral point clamped,NPC)H桥级联五电平逆变器的动态响应、降低控制器计算负担的同时确保装置低损耗运行,文中在电压矢量矩形区域分类的基础上,提出一种以满足动态响应和降低开关损耗为目标的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略。首先根据逆变器数学模型和期望电流进行目标电压矢量计算、修正,接着基于矩形区域分类对目标电压矢量进行定位;并以定位后的候选矢量为基础,设计了两级优化目标函数以输出满足要求的最优矢量。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,与空间矢量脉宽调制以及传统模型预测电流、电压控制策略相比,该文所研究的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略,在确保逆变器动态响应的前提下既能降低控制器计算负担,还能有效减少器件开关损耗。

Control of Non-Deterministic Systems With μ-Calculus Specifications Using Quotienting

The supervisory control problem for discrete event system(DES) under control involves identifying the supervisor, if one exists, which, when synchronously composed with the DES,results in a system that conforms to the control specification. In this context, we consider a non-deterministic DES under complete observation and control specification expressed in action-based propositional μ-calculus. The key to our solution is the process of quotienting the control specification against the plan resulting in a new μ-calculus formula such that a model for the formula is the supervisor. Thus the task of control synthesis is reduced a problem of μ-calculus satisfiability. In contrast to the existing μ-calculus quotienting-based techniques that are developed in deterministic setting, our quotienting rules can handle nondeterminism in the plant models. Another distinguishing feature of our technique is that while existing techniques use a separate μ-calculus formula to describe the controllability constraint(that uncontrollable events of plants are never disabled by a supervisor), we absorb this constraint as part of quotienting which allows us to directly capture more general state-dependent controllability constraints. Finally, we develop a tableau-based technique for verifying satisfiability of quotiented formula and model generation. The runtime for the technique is exponential in terms of the size of the plan and the control specification. A better complexity result that is polynomial to plant size and exponential to specification size is obtained when the controllability property is state-independent. A prototype implementation in a tabled logic programming language as well as some experimental results are presented.

传统发酵肉源乳酸菌介导NPC1L1、ABCG5/G8基因表达对胆固醇代谢的影响

过高的胆固醇摄入可能会导致机体心脑血管出现健康问题。通过乳酸菌可以调控小肠中胆固醇代谢相关基因的表达,调节机体内胆固醇的吸收代谢,从而影响体内胆固醇含量。对15株传统发酵肉制品中分离筛选的乳酸菌进行体外降胆固醇能力和耐酸耐胆盐能力筛选,将筛选到的乳酸菌用于动物实验。结果表明,15株乳酸菌中有4株乳酸菌(CM6、CM9、CM28、CM42)具有良好的体外降胆固醇能力,平均降解率为52.92%。对它们进行耐酸和耐胆盐试验,在pH 2和0.3%胆盐添加量的条件下菌株CM6活菌数达到106 CFU/mL,选择CM6进行后续动物实验。乳酸菌灌胃小鼠30 d后,乳酸菌组小鼠血清中总胆固醇含量和甘油三酯含量乳显著低于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌组小鼠小肠中NPC1L1基因相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),ABCG5/G8基因表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)结论:乳酸菌CM6具有调控胆固醇代谢相关基因表达的能力,从而降低体内胆固醇含量。

Equivalence of Subclasses of Two-Way Non-Deterministic Watson Crick Automata

Watson Crick automata are finite automata working on double strands. Extensive research work has already been done on non deterministic Watson Crick automata and on deterministic Watson Crick automata. Parallel Communicating Watson Crick automata systems have been introduced by E. Czeziler et al. In this paper we discuss about a variant of Watson Crick automata known as the two-way Watson Crick automata which are more powerful than non-deterministic Watson Crick automata. We also establish the equivalence of different subclasses of two-way Watson crick automata. We further show that recursively enumerable (RE) languages can be realized by an image of generalized sequential machine (gsm) mapping of two-way Watson-Crick automata.

Prediction of Ground Water Level in Arid Environment Using a Non-Deterministic Model

Modeling and forecasting of the groundwater water table are a major component of effective planning and management of water resources. One way to predict the groundwater level is analysis using a non-deterministic model. This study assessed the performance of such models in predicting the groundwater level at Kashan aquifer. Data from 36 piezometer wells in Kashan aquifer for 1999 to 2010 were used. The desired statistical interval was divided into two parts and statistics for 1990 to 2004 were used for modeling and statistics from 2005 to 2010 were used for valediction of the model. The Akaike criterion and correlation coefficients were used to determine the accuracy of the prediction models. The results indicated that the AR(2) model more accurately predicted ground water level in the plains;using this model, the groundwater water table was predicted for up to 60 mo.

基于模型预测的孤岛微电网NPC逆变器故障穿越控制方法研究

随着新能源和微电网的高速发展,孤岛状态下逆变器的故障穿越能力显得尤为重要。针对现有控制方法下孤岛中点钳位(neutral point clamped,NPC)逆变器故障穿越能力弱的问题,提出基于模型预测控制的孤岛微电网NPC逆变器故障穿越控制方法。通过比较负载电压与参考电压实现故障高速诊断;通过提高故障相参考电流幅值提升故障相电流;通过划定计算扇区、消除冗余计算减少计算量和避免权重系数设计;为保证电能质量以及减小数据测量和算法计算产生的延时,采用两步预测方法对延时进行补偿。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建三相LCL孤岛NPC逆变器仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该控制方法在孤岛微电网正常运行时能够将三相电流THD均值控制在2%以内,发生故障时,对故障相电流THD值控制在4%以内,对非故障相电流THD值控制在1.5%以内,能够有效提升孤岛NPC逆变器的故障穿越能力。

Silencing of the Nonspecific Phospholipase C6(NPC6)Gene Induces Ricinoleic Acid Accumulation in Castor Seeds

Castor,scientifically known as Ricinus communis L.,is among the top ten oil crops globally.It is considered a renewable resource and is commonly referred to as‘green oil’.Castor seeds contain castor oil as their main component,which is predominantly composed of ricinoleic acid.This study utilized RNAi technology to silence the NPC6 gene in NO.2129 castor,resulting in the creation of mutant plants L1 and L2.The weight of 100 dry seed kernels from L1 and L2 exceeds that from NO.2129.The crude fat and ricinoleic acid levels of L1 and L2 were higher than those of NO.2129 at various developmental stages.In the proteomics analysis of 60-day-old castor seeds,a total of 21 differentially expressed proteins were identified,out of which 19 were successfully recognized.Eleven of the differentially expressed proteins identified were legumins,which play a crucial role in nutrient storage within the seed.Silencing the NPC6 gene results in the accumulation of ricinoleic acid in castor seeds.The findings of this study not only enhance our knowledge of NPC6’s role in regulating castor seed oil synthesis but also offer fresh perspectives for investigating oil synthesis and accumulation in other plant species.

狄斯瓦螨VdesNPC2b蛋白的基因克隆、原核表达及其与寄主幼虫信息素结合机制研究

【目的】研究狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor尼曼匹克C2型蛋白(Niemann-Pick type C2 protein,NPC2)VdesNPC2b与狄斯瓦螨寄主蜜蜂幼虫信息素油酸甲酯和β-罗勒烯的结合特性和机制,阐明VdesNPC2b在狄斯瓦螨寄主识别中的功能,为狄斯瓦螨生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】扩增狄斯瓦螨VdesNPC2b开放读码框(ORF)并进行生物信息学分析;基于pET-30a质粒构建原核表达载体,通过原核表达和亲和层析获得VdesNPC2b重组蛋白。利用荧光竞争结合实验检测VdesNPC2b与蜜蜂幼虫信息素油酸甲酯和β-罗勒烯的结合力,并通过荧光光谱变温实验测定22和32℃下VdesNPC2b与油酸甲酯和β-罗勒烯结合力变化来分析结合机制。采用SWISS-MODLE软件对VdesNPC2b进行同源建模,采用MVD软件对VdesNPC2b和β-罗勒烯进行分子对接模拟,初步分析VdesNPC2b与β-罗勒烯结合的关键氨基酸位点。【结果】VdesNPC2b(GenBank登录号:OR463903)的ORF全长531 bp,编码176个氨基酸,VdesNPC2b N端有一个16个氨基酸残基的信号肽。荧光竞争结合试验结果显示,VdesNPC2b与油酸甲酯和β-罗勒烯解离常数KD值分别为2.89和3.49μmol/L,结合过程为动态猝灭,维持VdesNPC2b与油酸甲酯和β-罗勒烯的相互作用力为疏水作用力。同源建模显示VdesNPC2b的二级结构主要为β-折叠,内部存在1个潜在的配基结合腔,VdesNPC2b与β-罗勒烯结合的关键氨基酸位点是Leu68,Ile103和Phe107等。【结论】狄斯瓦螨通过VdesNPC2b结合寄主蜜蜂幼虫长链酯类信息素油酸甲酯和挥发性的β-罗勒烯协同进行宿主定位和识别。

Exploiting Virtual Elasticity of Production Systems to Respect OTD—Part 3: Basic Considerations for Modelling CPPS Characterized by Non-Ergodic Order Entry and Non-Deterministic Product-Mix for Fully Flexible Addressable Workstations

The recently experienced hype concerning the so-called “4th Industrial Revolution” of production systems has prompted several papers of various subtopics regarding Cyber-Phdysical Production Systems (CPPS). However, important aspects such as the modelling of CPPS to understand the theory regarding the performance of highly non-ergodic and non-deterministic flexible manufacturing systems in terms of Exit Rate (ER), Manufacturing Lead Time (MLT), and On-Time Delivery (OTD) have not yet been examined systematically and even less modeled analytically. To develop the topic, in this paper, the prerequisites for modelling such systems are defined in order to be able to derive an explicit and dedicated production mathematics-based understanding of CPPS and its dynamics: switching from explorative simulation to rational modelling of the manufacturing “physics” led to an own and specific manufacturing theory. The findings have led to enouncing, among others, the Theorem of Non-Ergodicity as well as the Batch Cycle Time Deviation Function giving important insights to model digital twin-based CPPS for complying with the mandatory OTD.

低调制比时NPC三电平逆变器调制方法的研究

为解决NPC三电平逆变器传统SVPWM调制方法在低调制比时输出电流谐波大的问题,提出基于60°坐标系下改进的一种空间电压基本矢量排序方式。该方法在第1、2小扇区采用零矢量作为首发矢量,降低相电流波形畸变的同时提高对中性点电压的平衡控制能力。最后通过搭建Simulink仿真模型验证该方法的有效性。

一种三电平NPC变换器中点电位平衡控制策略

本文以传统三电平NPC变换器为对象,分析了三电平NPC变换器直流侧中点电位不平衡的原因,研究了调制模式对三电平NPC变换器直流侧中点电位的影响,确定了通过改变偏移量P的大小来改变三电平NPC变换器的调制模式,进而达到直流侧中点电位平衡的方法。搭建了系统仿真模型,并对仿真结果进行分析。