Study Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that sleep disturbances is common in vascular dementia (VaD). The goal of the current study is to assess the disturbance in sleep pattern in patients with VaD, and compare i...Study Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that sleep disturbances is common in vascular dementia (VaD). The goal of the current study is to assess the disturbance in sleep pattern in patients with VaD, and compare it to healthy normally cognitive elderly individuals. We next studied whether there are meaningful differences in the Subjective sleep assessment: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep measurements by polysomnography (PSG) in VaD patients. Study design: Case control study. Subject and methods: Overnight PSG recordings and self-reported sleep measures were obtained from 20 healthy elderly subjects and 20 VaD patients at the sleep laboratory. Results: This study showed abnormal subjective sleep quality in all patients and revealed that the most common sleep complaints among VaD patients were: excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep disordered breathing (SDB), insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movements (PLMS) and REM behavioral disordered (RBD) respectively. Moreover, patients spent more time in stage I sleep, but less time in slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep compared to control populations, with delayed REML and less 1st REML. Also, increased sleep fragmentation;wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) & sleep fragmentation index (SFI), increased arousal index (AI) & PLMS index were detected in VaD patients. Finally, VaD patients had significant high Apnea, Hypopnea and Respiratory Distress Index (RDI) score with high average SpO2 Desaturation. Conclusions: Sleep is significantly impaired in patients with VaD at both the objective and subjective level, which may be used as a diagnostic marker of VaD. SDB is a common feature of VaD and leads to fragmented sleep, increased nocturnal confusion, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Subjective sleep assessment questionnaire (ESS and PSQI) can be used in VaD patients when objective sleep assessment by PSG recordings is difficult to be done. The PSG study of sleep continuity, sleep architecture, and REM sleep may help in the prevention of progression of VaD.展开更多
More and more studies have been reported on whether music and other types of auditory stimulation would improve the quality of sleep. Many of these studies have found significant results, but others argue that music i...More and more studies have been reported on whether music and other types of auditory stimulation would improve the quality of sleep. Many of these studies have found significant results, but others argue that music is not significantly better than the tones or control conditions in improving sleep. For further understanding the relationship between music and sleep or music and arousal, the present study therefore examines the effects of brain music on sleep and arousal by means of biofeedback. The music is from the transformation of rapid eye movement （REM） sleep electroencephalogram （EEG） of rats using an algorithm in the Chengdu Brain Music （CBM） system. When the brain music was played back to rats, EEG data were recorded to assess the efficacy of music to induce or improve sleep, or increase arousal levels by sleep staging, etc. Our results demonstrate that exposure to the brain music increases arousal levels and decreases sleep in rats, and the underlying mechanism of decreased non-rapid eye movement （NREM） and REM sleep may be different.展开更多
The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid...The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO_2-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unknown. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM(NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S–W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S–W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically characterized.Microinjections of amiloride(an ASIC blocker) and APETx2(a blocker of ASIC-2 and-3) into the LC significantly decreased wakefulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S–W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO_2 level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.展开更多
目的探讨老年癫痫患者的睡眠期结构及睡眠中相关的事件等多项睡眠图(polysomnogram,PSG)特点。方法分析41例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)和33例无明确中枢神经系统疾病老年人(对照组)的含16信道的脑电图视频PSG,进一步分析癫痫组和对照组的夜...目的探讨老年癫痫患者的睡眠期结构及睡眠中相关的事件等多项睡眠图(polysomnogram,PSG)特点。方法分析41例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)和33例无明确中枢神经系统疾病老年人(对照组)的含16信道的脑电图视频PSG,进一步分析癫痫组和对照组的夜间睡眠期结构、睡眠的相关事件。结果癫痫组与对照组比较,患者的非快速眼动(non rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠1期比例较对照组高(26.23±13.68 vs 14.72±5.29,P<0.05)、NREM睡眠3期比例较对照组低(4.00±6.45 vs 8.09±5.91,P<0.01)、觉醒指数较对照组高(18.60±14.53 vs 10.90±5.72,P<0.05)、入睡后清醒时间(wake after sleep onset,WASO)较对照组长(132.91±66.23 vs 122.98±63.97,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;两组间呼吸暂停/低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)、睡眠期周期性腿动指数(periodic limb movement index,PLMI)差异无统计学意义。结论老年癫痫患者存在睡眠期结构的转变,其NREM睡眠1期比例增多,NREM睡眠3期比例减少,觉醒指数较高,WASO升高。展开更多
文摘Study Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that sleep disturbances is common in vascular dementia (VaD). The goal of the current study is to assess the disturbance in sleep pattern in patients with VaD, and compare it to healthy normally cognitive elderly individuals. We next studied whether there are meaningful differences in the Subjective sleep assessment: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep measurements by polysomnography (PSG) in VaD patients. Study design: Case control study. Subject and methods: Overnight PSG recordings and self-reported sleep measures were obtained from 20 healthy elderly subjects and 20 VaD patients at the sleep laboratory. Results: This study showed abnormal subjective sleep quality in all patients and revealed that the most common sleep complaints among VaD patients were: excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep disordered breathing (SDB), insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movements (PLMS) and REM behavioral disordered (RBD) respectively. Moreover, patients spent more time in stage I sleep, but less time in slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep compared to control populations, with delayed REML and less 1st REML. Also, increased sleep fragmentation;wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) & sleep fragmentation index (SFI), increased arousal index (AI) & PLMS index were detected in VaD patients. Finally, VaD patients had significant high Apnea, Hypopnea and Respiratory Distress Index (RDI) score with high average SpO2 Desaturation. Conclusions: Sleep is significantly impaired in patients with VaD at both the objective and subjective level, which may be used as a diagnostic marker of VaD. SDB is a common feature of VaD and leads to fragmented sleep, increased nocturnal confusion, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Subjective sleep assessment questionnaire (ESS and PSQI) can be used in VaD patients when objective sleep assessment by PSG recordings is difficult to be done. The PSG study of sleep continuity, sleep architecture, and REM sleep may help in the prevention of progression of VaD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60736029, 30870655, and 30570474.
文摘More and more studies have been reported on whether music and other types of auditory stimulation would improve the quality of sleep. Many of these studies have found significant results, but others argue that music is not significantly better than the tones or control conditions in improving sleep. For further understanding the relationship between music and sleep or music and arousal, the present study therefore examines the effects of brain music on sleep and arousal by means of biofeedback. The music is from the transformation of rapid eye movement （REM） sleep electroencephalogram （EEG） of rats using an algorithm in the Chengdu Brain Music （CBM） system. When the brain music was played back to rats, EEG data were recorded to assess the efficacy of music to induce or improve sleep, or increase arousal levels by sleep staging, etc. Our results demonstrate that exposure to the brain music increases arousal levels and decreases sleep in rats, and the underlying mechanism of decreased non-rapid eye movement （NREM） and REM sleep may be different.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology-Cognitive Science Initiative project funded to Sushil K Jhasupport from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Department of Science and Technology(PURSE), Universities for Potential of Excellence (UPOE Ⅱ) and University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Programme)JNU funds to Sushil K Jha。
文摘The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO_2-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unknown. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM(NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S–W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S–W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically characterized.Microinjections of amiloride(an ASIC blocker) and APETx2(a blocker of ASIC-2 and-3) into the LC significantly decreased wakefulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S–W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO_2 level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.
文摘目的探讨老年癫痫患者的睡眠期结构及睡眠中相关的事件等多项睡眠图(polysomnogram,PSG)特点。方法分析41例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)和33例无明确中枢神经系统疾病老年人(对照组)的含16信道的脑电图视频PSG,进一步分析癫痫组和对照组的夜间睡眠期结构、睡眠的相关事件。结果癫痫组与对照组比较,患者的非快速眼动(non rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠1期比例较对照组高(26.23±13.68 vs 14.72±5.29,P<0.05)、NREM睡眠3期比例较对照组低(4.00±6.45 vs 8.09±5.91,P<0.01)、觉醒指数较对照组高(18.60±14.53 vs 10.90±5.72,P<0.05)、入睡后清醒时间(wake after sleep onset,WASO)较对照组长(132.91±66.23 vs 122.98±63.97,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;两组间呼吸暂停/低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)、睡眠期周期性腿动指数(periodic limb movement index,PLMI)差异无统计学意义。结论老年癫痫患者存在睡眠期结构的转变,其NREM睡眠1期比例增多,NREM睡眠3期比例减少,觉醒指数较高,WASO升高。
