IETF提出的服务功能链(Service Function Chain,SFC)解决了服务功能在部署过程中网络拓扑与硬件设备紧密耦合、灵活性差等问题,其中,NSH协议用于支持服务功能链的实现.然而,标准的Open Flow协议对NSH协议支持不足、实现过程复杂且实现...IETF提出的服务功能链(Service Function Chain,SFC)解决了服务功能在部署过程中网络拓扑与硬件设备紧密耦合、灵活性差等问题,其中,NSH协议用于支持服务功能链的实现.然而,标准的Open Flow协议对NSH协议支持不足、实现过程复杂且实现后造成兼容性等问题.本文基于软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(Network Function Virtualization,NFV)技术,根据IETF规定的相关标准,提出一种基于协议无感知转发(Protocol Oblivious Forwarding,POF)的服务功能链,利用POF在数据平面深度可编程的能力实现NSH协议.文中基于Flood Light控制器和POF交换机实现了该服务功能链,实验结果表明,基于协议无感知转发的服务功能链可以高效地实现服务功能的部署.展开更多
1.理一分殊/lǐyī-fēnshū/There Is But One Li（Universal Principle）,Which Exists in Diverse Forms.作为最高范畴的＂理＂存在于不同事物之中或呈现为不同形态。＂理一分殊＂是宋明理学家对＂理＂的存在形式的一个重要理解。由...1.理一分殊/lǐyī-fēnshū/There Is But One Li（Universal Principle）,Which Exists in Diverse Forms.作为最高范畴的＂理＂存在于不同事物之中或呈现为不同形态。＂理一分殊＂是宋明理学家对＂理＂的存在形式的一个重要理解。由于＂理＂的含义不同,＂理一分殊＂的意义也有所差别：其一,就万物本体或本原之＂理＂而言,每一事物都禀受了这个＂理＂。展开更多
Objectives:To observe the clinical effect on opioid-induced constipation of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency treated with the ultrasonic penetration of the No.1 constipation herbal formula at Tiānshū(天枢ST25)...Objectives:To observe the clinical effect on opioid-induced constipation of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency treated with the ultrasonic penetration of the No.1 constipation herbal formula at Tiānshū(天枢ST25).Methods:A total of 126 patients that were in compliance with the inclusion criteria were randomized into an acupoint group(41 cases),a Chinese medication group(42 cases)and a western medication group(43 cases).In the acupoint group,the ultrasonic penetration of the No.1 constipation herbal formula at bilateral Tiānshū(天枢ST25)were given.In the Chinese herbal medication group,the No.1 constipation herbal formula was prescribed for oral administration.In the western medication group,polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder was prescribed for oral administration.The treatment was given once a day,for 14 days totally.Before and after treatment,the constipation symptom score,the score of the patient assessment of constipation quality of life(PAC-QOL),the situation of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS)in serum were observed in each group.The safety indicators in the observation included diarrhea,allergic reaction,liver dysfunction,skin lesions,etc.Results:A total of 122 cases accomplished the trial.The total effective rate was 82.5%in the acupoint group,80.48%in the Chinese medication group and 78.04%in the western medication group.The constipation symptoms were all relieved in the three groups,indicating the statistical significance as compared with those before treatment(P<0.01,P<0.05).In the acupoint group and the western medication group,the improvements in the three symptom items,i.e.distention or scurrying pain in the chest,hypochondriac region or the bilateral sides of the abdomen,depression or irritability and poor appetite,were better than the western medication group(P<0.01,P<0.05).The improvements in all of the symptoms in the acupoint group were better than the Chinese medication group(all P<0.05).The PACQOL score was improved in each group after treatment and it was different significantly in statistics as compared with that before treatment in each group.After treatment,the improvement of PAC-QOL score in the acupoint group and the Chinese medication group was better than that in the western medication group(both P<0.05),and the improvement in the acupoint group was better than the Chinese medication group(P<0.05).As to serum NOS,after treatment,it was different significantly as compared with that before treatment in each group(all P<0.05),the improvement in the acupoint group was better than that of either the Chinese medication group or the western medication group,indicating the statistical significance(both P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction in the acupoint group was less and different significantly as compared with the western medication group(P<0.01),and it was different statistically as compared with the Chinese medication group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The ultrasonic penetration of the No.l constipation herbal formula at Tiānshū(天枢ST25)is effective on opioid-induced constipation of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.This therapy achieves the significant therapeutic effect and presents the good compliance in treatment.Hence,it deserves to be further promoted in clinical application.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of the early intervention with moxibustion at "Shènshū(肾俞BL23)" on learning and memory of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Galactose(D-Gal)in...Objective:To observe the effect of the early intervention with moxibustion at "Shènshū(肾俞BL23)" on learning and memory of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Galactose(D-Gal)injection and the effect on Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway so as to provide the evidence for the acupoint selection in the early intervention with acupuncture and moxibustion for AD.Methods:Sixty female SD rats at the age of 3 months were selected and randomly divided into a normal group,a sham-operation group,a model group,a "BL23" group,a "Wèishū"(胃俞BL21) group,and a non-acupoint group,10 rats in each group.Except in the normal group and the sham-operation group,bilateral ovaries were removed in the other 4 groups.3 days after the operation,D-Gal was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d for 90 days to establish AD rat model.In the sham-operation group,only the peripheral fat of ovarian was removed and 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally of the same dose for 90 days.In the "BL23" group,the "BL21" group and the non-acupoints group,since the 2 nd day after ovariectomy,moxibustion was applied at 9:00 a.m.every day in the rats.The rats were fixed on a fixed table,the mild moxibustion with self-prepared moxa stick was applied to bilateral "BL23""BL21" and the non-acupoint of each rat,the ignited end of moxa stick was 2 cm to 3 cm far from skin surface.The infrared thermometer was adopted to measure the temperature of the epidermis of each acupoint from time to time so as to maintain the local temperature to be(41 ± 0.5)℃.Mild moxibustion lasted for 10 min each time,consecutively for 5 days a week and at an interval of 2 days.The total consecutive intervention duration was 12 weeks.In the normal group and the shamoperation group,no moxibustion intervention was performed,but the rats were restricted in a same way during the experiment.At the end of modeling and intervention,water maze test was adopted to detect the learning and memory abilities of rats in each group.The western blotting was used to detect the expressions of p-CREB,p-CaMKII,CaMKII and CREB in hippocampus of rats in each group.Results:(1)Navigation test:since Day 72,compared with the sham-operation group,the escape latencies in all of the consecutive 5 days were longer in the model group(all P <0.05).Since Day 73,compared with the normal group,the escape latency in all of the consecutive 4 days was shorter in the "BL23"group(all P <0.05).(2) Times across platform:compared with the normal group,the number of times consecutively crossing the platform was lower in the model group(P <0.05).After moxibustion,compared with the model group,the number of times across platform was higher in the "BL23"group,indicating a statistical significance(P <0.05).(3)Moving track of water maze spatial probe:the "tendency"strategy was displayed in the normal group and the sham operation group.The "marginal" strategy,which is commonly seen in the AD rats,was displayed in the model group.The "random" strategy was displayed in the "BL23" group.The "marginal" strategy was presented in the "BL21" group and the non-acupoint group.(4) Expressions of hippocampal P-CAMKII,CAMKII,CREB and P-CREB in the rats:compared with the normal group,the phosphorylation degrees of CAMKII and CREB were significantly reduced(both P<0.05) in the model group.In 12 weeks of moxibustion,compared with the model group,the levels of P-CAMKII and P-CREB were increased in the "BL23" group and the "BL21" group(all P <0.05) and the levels in the "BL23" group were higher than that of the "BL21" group and the non-acupoint group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion at "BL23" achieves a better effect in improving the learning and memory of AD rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Gal injection as compared with moxibustion at "BL21" and the non-acupoint.The effect mechanism is potentially related to the effective activation of Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective:To explore the difference in the anti-fatigue effect of moxibustion at different acupoints through observing the impacts of moxibustion at"Shènshù(肾俞BL23)","Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST...Objective:To explore the difference in the anti-fatigue effect of moxibustion at different acupoints through observing the impacts of moxibustion at"Shènshù(肾俞BL23)","Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36)","Guānyuán(关元CV4)"and"Shénquè(神阙CV8)"on energy metabolic indexes in the one-off exhausted rats.Methods:A total of 56 SPF male rats were randomized into 7 groups,named a blank group,a model group,a non-acupoint group,a"BL23"group,a"ST36"group,a"CV4"group and a"CV8"group,8 rats in each group.The one-off exhaustion model was established by weight-bearing swimming experiment.Right after the exhaustive swimming of rats in each intervention group,the mild moxibustion was applied at the corresponding acupoints for 15 min immediately.4 h after the exhaustive swimming,the blood was collected from the femoral artery and the quadriceps femoris of the left hindlimb was stripped.The levels of blood lactate(BLD),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),the expressions of adenosine triphosphatease(ATP),fructose-6-phosphofructokinase(PFK)and malomdialdehyde(MDA)in the quadriceps femoris and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were detected.Results:Compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group,the levels of serum BLD,LDH,CK and BUN were all lower those in the"BL23"group,the"ST36"group,the"CV4"group and the"CV8"group,indicating a statistical significance(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group and the nonacupoint group,PFK was higher in the"BL23"group,indicating a statistical significance(both P<0.05).Compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group,PFK was higher in the"ST36"group and the"CV4"group,indicating a statistical significance(all P<0.05).Conclusion:It was found in the research that moxibustion at"BL23""ST36""CV4"and"CV8"regulated the energy metabolism in the one-off exhausted rats so as to bring the anti-fatigue effect into play and the effect was different among the acupoints.Moxibustion at"CV8"may work on the prevention of the protein decomposition in the skeletal muscle and moxibustion at"BL23"may be against the oxidation in the skeletal muscle.展开更多
文摘IETF提出的服务功能链(Service Function Chain,SFC)解决了服务功能在部署过程中网络拓扑与硬件设备紧密耦合、灵活性差等问题,其中,NSH协议用于支持服务功能链的实现.然而,标准的Open Flow协议对NSH协议支持不足、实现过程复杂且实现后造成兼容性等问题.本文基于软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(Network Function Virtualization,NFV)技术,根据IETF规定的相关标准,提出一种基于协议无感知转发(Protocol Oblivious Forwarding,POF)的服务功能链,利用POF在数据平面深度可编程的能力实现NSH协议.文中基于Flood Light控制器和POF交换机实现了该服务功能链,实验结果表明,基于协议无感知转发的服务功能链可以高效地实现服务功能的部署.
文摘1.理一分殊/lǐyī-fēnshū/There Is But One Li（Universal Principle）,Which Exists in Diverse Forms.作为最高范畴的＂理＂存在于不同事物之中或呈现为不同形态。＂理一分殊＂是宋明理学家对＂理＂的存在形式的一个重要理解。由于＂理＂的含义不同,＂理一分殊＂的意义也有所差别：其一,就万物本体或本原之＂理＂而言,每一事物都禀受了这个＂理＂。
基金Supported by Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Projects:Research Institute’s Performance Incentive and Guidance:cstc2017jxj10114General Project of Social and People’s Livelihood:cstc2018jscx-msyb0802Chongqing Basic Science and Front Technology Project:cstc2017jcyjAX0465.
文摘Objectives:To observe the clinical effect on opioid-induced constipation of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency treated with the ultrasonic penetration of the No.1 constipation herbal formula at Tiānshū(天枢ST25).Methods:A total of 126 patients that were in compliance with the inclusion criteria were randomized into an acupoint group(41 cases),a Chinese medication group(42 cases)and a western medication group(43 cases).In the acupoint group,the ultrasonic penetration of the No.1 constipation herbal formula at bilateral Tiānshū(天枢ST25)were given.In the Chinese herbal medication group,the No.1 constipation herbal formula was prescribed for oral administration.In the western medication group,polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder was prescribed for oral administration.The treatment was given once a day,for 14 days totally.Before and after treatment,the constipation symptom score,the score of the patient assessment of constipation quality of life(PAC-QOL),the situation of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS)in serum were observed in each group.The safety indicators in the observation included diarrhea,allergic reaction,liver dysfunction,skin lesions,etc.Results:A total of 122 cases accomplished the trial.The total effective rate was 82.5%in the acupoint group,80.48%in the Chinese medication group and 78.04%in the western medication group.The constipation symptoms were all relieved in the three groups,indicating the statistical significance as compared with those before treatment(P<0.01,P<0.05).In the acupoint group and the western medication group,the improvements in the three symptom items,i.e.distention or scurrying pain in the chest,hypochondriac region or the bilateral sides of the abdomen,depression or irritability and poor appetite,were better than the western medication group(P<0.01,P<0.05).The improvements in all of the symptoms in the acupoint group were better than the Chinese medication group(all P<0.05).The PACQOL score was improved in each group after treatment and it was different significantly in statistics as compared with that before treatment in each group.After treatment,the improvement of PAC-QOL score in the acupoint group and the Chinese medication group was better than that in the western medication group(both P<0.05),and the improvement in the acupoint group was better than the Chinese medication group(P<0.05).As to serum NOS,after treatment,it was different significantly as compared with that before treatment in each group(all P<0.05),the improvement in the acupoint group was better than that of either the Chinese medication group or the western medication group,indicating the statistical significance(both P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction in the acupoint group was less and different significantly as compared with the western medication group(P<0.01),and it was different statistically as compared with the Chinese medication group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The ultrasonic penetration of the No.l constipation herbal formula at Tiānshū(天枢ST25)is effective on opioid-induced constipation of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.This therapy achieves the significant therapeutic effect and presents the good compliance in treatment.Hence,it deserves to be further promoted in clinical application.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Project:No.81473786No.81873380。
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of the early intervention with moxibustion at "Shènshū(肾俞BL23)" on learning and memory of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Galactose(D-Gal)injection and the effect on Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway so as to provide the evidence for the acupoint selection in the early intervention with acupuncture and moxibustion for AD.Methods:Sixty female SD rats at the age of 3 months were selected and randomly divided into a normal group,a sham-operation group,a model group,a "BL23" group,a "Wèishū"(胃俞BL21) group,and a non-acupoint group,10 rats in each group.Except in the normal group and the sham-operation group,bilateral ovaries were removed in the other 4 groups.3 days after the operation,D-Gal was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d for 90 days to establish AD rat model.In the sham-operation group,only the peripheral fat of ovarian was removed and 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally of the same dose for 90 days.In the "BL23" group,the "BL21" group and the non-acupoints group,since the 2 nd day after ovariectomy,moxibustion was applied at 9:00 a.m.every day in the rats.The rats were fixed on a fixed table,the mild moxibustion with self-prepared moxa stick was applied to bilateral "BL23""BL21" and the non-acupoint of each rat,the ignited end of moxa stick was 2 cm to 3 cm far from skin surface.The infrared thermometer was adopted to measure the temperature of the epidermis of each acupoint from time to time so as to maintain the local temperature to be(41 ± 0.5)℃.Mild moxibustion lasted for 10 min each time,consecutively for 5 days a week and at an interval of 2 days.The total consecutive intervention duration was 12 weeks.In the normal group and the shamoperation group,no moxibustion intervention was performed,but the rats were restricted in a same way during the experiment.At the end of modeling and intervention,water maze test was adopted to detect the learning and memory abilities of rats in each group.The western blotting was used to detect the expressions of p-CREB,p-CaMKII,CaMKII and CREB in hippocampus of rats in each group.Results:(1)Navigation test:since Day 72,compared with the sham-operation group,the escape latencies in all of the consecutive 5 days were longer in the model group(all P <0.05).Since Day 73,compared with the normal group,the escape latency in all of the consecutive 4 days was shorter in the "BL23"group(all P <0.05).(2) Times across platform:compared with the normal group,the number of times consecutively crossing the platform was lower in the model group(P <0.05).After moxibustion,compared with the model group,the number of times across platform was higher in the "BL23"group,indicating a statistical significance(P <0.05).(3)Moving track of water maze spatial probe:the "tendency"strategy was displayed in the normal group and the sham operation group.The "marginal" strategy,which is commonly seen in the AD rats,was displayed in the model group.The "random" strategy was displayed in the "BL23" group.The "marginal" strategy was presented in the "BL21" group and the non-acupoint group.(4) Expressions of hippocampal P-CAMKII,CAMKII,CREB and P-CREB in the rats:compared with the normal group,the phosphorylation degrees of CAMKII and CREB were significantly reduced(both P<0.05) in the model group.In 12 weeks of moxibustion,compared with the model group,the levels of P-CAMKII and P-CREB were increased in the "BL23" group and the "BL21" group(all P <0.05) and the levels in the "BL23" group were higher than that of the "BL21" group and the non-acupoint group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion at "BL23" achieves a better effect in improving the learning and memory of AD rats modeled by ovariectomy and D-Gal injection as compared with moxibustion at "BL21" and the non-acupoint.The effect mechanism is potentially related to the effective activation of Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Key Research Projects of Higher Education in Hebei Province:ZD2019061
文摘Objective:To explore the difference in the anti-fatigue effect of moxibustion at different acupoints through observing the impacts of moxibustion at"Shènshù(肾俞BL23)","Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36)","Guānyuán(关元CV4)"and"Shénquè(神阙CV8)"on energy metabolic indexes in the one-off exhausted rats.Methods:A total of 56 SPF male rats were randomized into 7 groups,named a blank group,a model group,a non-acupoint group,a"BL23"group,a"ST36"group,a"CV4"group and a"CV8"group,8 rats in each group.The one-off exhaustion model was established by weight-bearing swimming experiment.Right after the exhaustive swimming of rats in each intervention group,the mild moxibustion was applied at the corresponding acupoints for 15 min immediately.4 h after the exhaustive swimming,the blood was collected from the femoral artery and the quadriceps femoris of the left hindlimb was stripped.The levels of blood lactate(BLD),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),the expressions of adenosine triphosphatease(ATP),fructose-6-phosphofructokinase(PFK)and malomdialdehyde(MDA)in the quadriceps femoris and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were detected.Results:Compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group,the levels of serum BLD,LDH,CK and BUN were all lower those in the"BL23"group,the"ST36"group,the"CV4"group and the"CV8"group,indicating a statistical significance(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group and the nonacupoint group,PFK was higher in the"BL23"group,indicating a statistical significance(both P<0.05).Compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group,PFK was higher in the"ST36"group and the"CV4"group,indicating a statistical significance(all P<0.05).Conclusion:It was found in the research that moxibustion at"BL23""ST36""CV4"and"CV8"regulated the energy metabolism in the one-off exhausted rats so as to bring the anti-fatigue effect into play and the effect was different among the acupoints.Moxibustion at"CV8"may work on the prevention of the protein decomposition in the skeletal muscle and moxibustion at"BL23"may be against the oxidation in the skeletal muscle.
