Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） cultivars, Xushu 28 （X-28） and Okinawa 100 （O-100）, were examined under 50 and 100...Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） cultivars, Xushu 28 （X-28） and Okinawa 100 （O-100）, were examined under 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress. X-28 cultivar is relatively high salt tolerant than O-100 cultivar. Interestingly, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） results indicated that sweet potato high-affinity K^＋ transporter 1 （IbHKT1） gene expression was highly induced by 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress in the stems of X-28 cultivar than in those of O-100 cultivar, but only slightly induced by these stresses in the leaves and fibrous roots in both cultivars. To characterize the function of IbHKT1 transporter, we performed ion-flux analysis in tobacco transient system and yeast complementation. Tobacco transient assay showed that IbHKT1 could uptake sodium （Na^＋）. Yeast complementation assay showed that IbHKT1 could take up K^＋ in 50 mmol L^-1 K^＋ medium without the presence of NaCI. Moreover, Na^＋ uptake significantly increased in yeast overexpressing IbHKTI. These results showed that IbHKT1 transporter could have K^＋-Na^＋ symport function in yeast. Therefore, the modes of action of IbHKT1 in transgenic yeast could differ from the mode of action of the other HKT1 transporters in class I. Potentially, IbHKT1 could be used to improve the salt tolerance nature in sweet potato.展开更多
Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na^(+)out of and two K^(+)into cells.Additionally,Na^...Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na^(+)out of and two K^(+)into cells.Additionally,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase participates in Ca^(2+)-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane.Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells.Therefo re,it is not surprising that Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases.However,published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction in disease development,and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase affects cell function.Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders,particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease.Stabilization of plasma membrane Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases.For this reason,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein,participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis,and glial cell migration.Thus,the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related pathogenesis.The potential for novel strategies to treat Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.展开更多
Potassium(K^(+))is a necessary nutrient for plant growth and crop production.The K^(+)transporter plays crucial roles in the absorption and transport of K^(+)in plants.Most K^(+)transporters in Arabidopsis have been r...Potassium(K^(+))is a necessary nutrient for plant growth and crop production.The K^(+)transporter plays crucial roles in the absorption and transport of K^(+)in plants.Most K^(+)transporters in Arabidopsis have been reported,but AtKUP12,which is a member of the KT/KUP/HAK family,has not yet been the subject of relevant in-depth research.In the present study,we demonstrated that AtKUP12 plays a crucial role in K^(+)uptake in Arabidopsis under 100μM low-K^(+)and 125 mM salt stress conditions.AtKUP12 transcripts were induced by K^(+)deficiency and salt stress.We analyzed the K^(+)uptake of AtKUP12 using the K^(+)uptake-deficient yeast R5421 and Arabidopsis mutant atkup12.Transformation with AtKUP12 rescued the growth defect of mutant yeast and atkup12 mutant plants at the low-K^(+)concentration,which suggested that AtKUP12 might be involved in high-affinity K^(+)uptake in low-K^(+)environments.In comparison to the wild-type(WT)and atkup12-AtKUP12 complementation lines,atkup12 showed a dramatic reduction in potassium concentration,K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio,and root and shoot growth on 12-day-old seedlings under the salt conditions;however,there was no significant difference between the complementation and WT lines.Taken together,these results demonstrate that AtKUP12 might participate in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through K^(+)uptake and K^(+)/Na^(+)homeostasis.展开更多
Arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a public health problem in countries such as Taiwan, Bangladesh, United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. The chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water increas...Arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a public health problem in countries such as Taiwan, Bangladesh, United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. The chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water increases the risk for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and prevalence of hypertension. Although toxic arsenic effects are controversial, there is evidence that a high concentration of arsenic may induce hypertension through increase in vascular tone and resistance. Vascular tone is regulated by the rhythmic contractions of the blood vessels, generated by calcium oscillations in the cytosol of vascular smooth muscle cells. To regulate the cytosolic calcium oscillations, the membrane oscillator model involves the participation of Ca2+ channels, calcium-activated K+ channels, Na+/Ca2+exchange, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, and the Na+/K+-ATPase. However, little is known about the role of K+ uptake by sodium transporters [Na+/K+-ATPase or Na+-K+-2Cl-(NKCC1)] on the rhythmic contractions.Vascular rhythmic contractions, or vasomotion are a local mechanism to regulate vascular resistance andblood flow. Since vascular rhythmic contractions of blood vessels are involved in modulating the vascular resistance, the blood flow, and the systemic pressure,we suggest a model explaining the participation of the sodium pump and NKCC1 co-transporter in low dose arsenic exposure effects on vasomotion and vascular dysfunction.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-10,Sweetpotato)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China (CX(13)2032)the China-Korea Young Scientist Exchange Program
文摘Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） cultivars, Xushu 28 （X-28） and Okinawa 100 （O-100）, were examined under 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress. X-28 cultivar is relatively high salt tolerant than O-100 cultivar. Interestingly, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） results indicated that sweet potato high-affinity K^＋ transporter 1 （IbHKT1） gene expression was highly induced by 50 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCI stress in the stems of X-28 cultivar than in those of O-100 cultivar, but only slightly induced by these stresses in the leaves and fibrous roots in both cultivars. To characterize the function of IbHKT1 transporter, we performed ion-flux analysis in tobacco transient system and yeast complementation. Tobacco transient assay showed that IbHKT1 could uptake sodium （Na^＋）. Yeast complementation assay showed that IbHKT1 could take up K^＋ in 50 mmol L^-1 K^＋ medium without the presence of NaCI. Moreover, Na^＋ uptake significantly increased in yeast overexpressing IbHKTI. These results showed that IbHKT1 transporter could have K^＋-Na^＋ symport function in yeast. Therefore, the modes of action of IbHKT1 in transgenic yeast could differ from the mode of action of the other HKT1 transporters in class I. Potentially, IbHKT1 could be used to improve the salt tolerance nature in sweet potato.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82173800 (to JB)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.KQTD20200820113040070 (to JB)。
文摘Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na^(+)out of and two K^(+)into cells.Additionally,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase participates in Ca^(2+)-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane.Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells.Therefo re,it is not surprising that Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases.However,published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase dysfunction in disease development,and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase affects cell function.Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders,particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease.Stabilization of plasma membrane Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases.For this reason,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein,participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis,and glial cell migration.Thus,the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related pathogenesis.The potential for novel strategies to treat Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.31860061]Opening of Key Laboratory of Autonomous Region[Grant No.2017D04026]Tianshan Youth Program[Grant No.2019Q013].
文摘Potassium(K^(+))is a necessary nutrient for plant growth and crop production.The K^(+)transporter plays crucial roles in the absorption and transport of K^(+)in plants.Most K^(+)transporters in Arabidopsis have been reported,but AtKUP12,which is a member of the KT/KUP/HAK family,has not yet been the subject of relevant in-depth research.In the present study,we demonstrated that AtKUP12 plays a crucial role in K^(+)uptake in Arabidopsis under 100μM low-K^(+)and 125 mM salt stress conditions.AtKUP12 transcripts were induced by K^(+)deficiency and salt stress.We analyzed the K^(+)uptake of AtKUP12 using the K^(+)uptake-deficient yeast R5421 and Arabidopsis mutant atkup12.Transformation with AtKUP12 rescued the growth defect of mutant yeast and atkup12 mutant plants at the low-K^(+)concentration,which suggested that AtKUP12 might be involved in high-affinity K^(+)uptake in low-K^(+)environments.In comparison to the wild-type(WT)and atkup12-AtKUP12 complementation lines,atkup12 showed a dramatic reduction in potassium concentration,K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio,and root and shoot growth on 12-day-old seedlings under the salt conditions;however,there was no significant difference between the complementation and WT lines.Taken together,these results demonstrate that AtKUP12 might participate in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through K^(+)uptake and K^(+)/Na^(+)homeostasis.
文摘Arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a public health problem in countries such as Taiwan, Bangladesh, United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. The chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water increases the risk for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and prevalence of hypertension. Although toxic arsenic effects are controversial, there is evidence that a high concentration of arsenic may induce hypertension through increase in vascular tone and resistance. Vascular tone is regulated by the rhythmic contractions of the blood vessels, generated by calcium oscillations in the cytosol of vascular smooth muscle cells. To regulate the cytosolic calcium oscillations, the membrane oscillator model involves the participation of Ca2+ channels, calcium-activated K+ channels, Na+/Ca2+exchange, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, and the Na+/K+-ATPase. However, little is known about the role of K+ uptake by sodium transporters [Na+/K+-ATPase or Na+-K+-2Cl-(NKCC1)] on the rhythmic contractions.Vascular rhythmic contractions, or vasomotion are a local mechanism to regulate vascular resistance andblood flow. Since vascular rhythmic contractions of blood vessels are involved in modulating the vascular resistance, the blood flow, and the systemic pressure,we suggest a model explaining the participation of the sodium pump and NKCC1 co-transporter in low dose arsenic exposure effects on vasomotion and vascular dysfunction.
