Potassium pre-inserted K1.04Mn8O16 as cathode materials for aqueous Li-ion and Na-ion hybrid capacitors

For the applications of aqueous Li-ion hybrid capacitors and Na-ion hybrid capacitors,potassium ions are pre-inserted into MnO2 tunnel structure,the as-prepared K1.04Mn8 O16 materials consist of nanoparticles and nanorods were prepared by facile high-temperature solid-state reaction.The as-prepared materials were well studied and they show outstanding electrochemical behavior.We assembled hybrid supercapacitors with commercial activated carbon(YEC-8 A)as anode and K1.04Mn8 O16 as cathode.It shows high energy and power densities.Li-ion capacitors reach a high energy density of 127.61 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 99.86 W kg-1 and Na-ion capacitor obtains 170.96 Wh kg-1 at 133.79 W kg-1.In addition,the hybrid supercapacitors demonstrate excellent cycling performance which maintain 97%capacitance retention for Li-ion capacitor and 85%for Na-ion capacitor after 10,000 cycles.

Revealing the key role of non-solvating diluents for fast-charging and low temperature Li-ion batteries

Fast-charging and low temperature operation are of vital importance for the further development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which is hindered by the utilization of conventional carbonate-based electrolytes due to their slow kinetics,narrow operating temperature and voltage range.Herein,an acetonitrile(AN)-based localized high-concentration electrolyte(LHCE)is proposed to retain liquid state and high ionic conductivity at ultra-low temperatures while possessing high oxidation stability.We originally reveal the excellent thermal shielding effect of non-solvating diluent to prevent the aggregation of Li^(+) solvates as temperature drops,maintaining the merits of fast Li transport and facile desolvation as at room temperature,which bestows the graphite electrode with remarkable low temperature performance(264 mA h g^(-1) at-20 C).Remarkably,an extremely high capacity retention of 97%is achieved for high-voltage high-energy graphite||NCM batteries after 250 cycles at-20 C,and a high capacity of 110 mA h g^(-1)(71%of its room-temperature capacity)is retained at-30°C.The study unveils the key role of the non-solvating diluents and provides instructive guidance in designing electrolytes towards fast-charging and low temperature LIBs.

New insights into the pre-lithiation kinetics of single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes for long-life Li-ion batteries

Developing single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes is an effective strategy to improve the safety and cycle life of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the easy-to-loss of Li and O in high-temperature lithiation results in unsatisfactory ordered layered structure and stoichiometry.Herein,we demonstrate the synthesis of highly-ordered and fully-stoichiometric single-crystalline LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(SC-NCM83)cathodes by the regulation of pre-lithiation kinetics.The well-balanced pre-lithiation kinetics have been proved to greatly improve the proportion of layered phase in the intermediate by inhibiting the formation of metastable spinel phase,which promoted the rapid transformation of the intermediate into highly-ordered layered SC-NCM83 in the subsequent lithiation process.After coating a layer of Li_(2)O–B_(2)O_(3),the resultant cathodes deliver superior cycling stability with 90.9%capacity retention at 1C after 300 cycles in pouch-type full batteries.The enhancement mechanism has also been clarified.These findings exhibit fundamental insights into the pre-lithiation kinetics process for guiding the synthesis of high-quality singlecrystalline Ni-rich cathodes.

A high Li-ion diffusion kinetics in multidimensional and compact-structured electrodes via vacuum filtration casting

Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture.

A comprehensive review on the resynthesis of ternary cathode active materials from the leachate of Li-ion batteries

This review highlights the importance of recovering valuable metals from spent Li-ion battery(LIB)cathodes through the resynthesis of cathode active materials(CAMs).The resynthesis process of CAMs,a promising recycling method that directly produces CAM precursors from LIB leachate,is explored.This process encompasses six key steps,including pretreatment,leaching,purification,adjustment of metal concentrations,precursor synthesis,and sintering.The review also investigates the potential introduction of impurity elements during CAM resynthesis and provides tolerance levels for these impurities based on thorough reference analysis.Additionally,it addresses challenges related to the commercialization of the resynthesis process.Notably,this review represents the first comprehensive assessment of CAM resynthesis,including the systematic evaluation of 12 impurity elements(Fe,Li,Al,Cu,C,P,F,Na,Cl,S,Mg,and Zn).Overall,this comprehensive review is poised to support the commercial development of resynthesized CAMs by offering valuable guidelines for managing impurities and streamlining the purification process.

Interface-reinforced solid-state electrochromic Li-ion batteries enabled by in-situ liquid-solid transitional plastic glues

The electrochromic Li-ion batteries(ELIBs) combine the functions of electrochromism and energy storage,realizing the display of energy-storage levels by visual signals. However, the accompanying interfacial issues including physical contact and(electro)chemical stability should be taken into account when the conventional liquid/gel electrolytes are replaced with solid-state counterparts. Herein, the in-situ liquid-solid transitional succinonitrile(SCN) plastic glues are constructed between electrodes and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) polymer electrolytes, enabling an interface-reinforced solid-state ELIB.Specifically, the liquid SCN precursor can adequately wet electrode/PEO interfaces at high temperature,while it returns back to solid state at room temperature, leading to seamless interfacial contact and smooth ionic transfer without changing the solid state of the device. Moreover, the SCN interlayer suppresses the direct contact of PEO with electrodes containing high-valence metal ions, evoking the improved interfacial stability by inhibiting the oxidation of PEO. Therefore, the resultant solid-state ELIB with configuration of LiMn_(2)O_(4)/SCN-PEO-SCN/WO_(3) delivers an initial discharge capacity of 111 m A h g^(-1) along with a capacity retention of 88.3% after 200 cycles at 30 ℃. Meanwhile, the electrochromic function is integrated into the device by distinguishing its energy-storage levels through distinct color changes. This work proposes a promising solid-state ELIB with greatly reinforced interfacial compatibility by introducing in-situ solidified plastic glues.

Li-Ion Transport Mechanisms in Selenide-Based Solid-State Electrolytes in Lithium-Metal Batteries:A Study of Li_(8)SeN_(2),Li_(7)PSe_(6),and Li_(6)PSe_(5)X(X=Cl,Br,I)

To achieve high-energy-density and safe lithium-metal batteries(LMBs),solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)that exhibit fast Li-ion conductivity and good stability against lithium metal are of great importance.This study presents a systematic exploration of selenide-based materials as potential SSE candidates.Initially,Li_(8)SeN_(2)and Li_(7)PSe_(6)were selected from 25 ternary selenides based on their ability to form stable interfaces with lithium metal.Subsequently,their favorable electronic insulation and mechanical properties were verified.Furthermore,extensive theoretical investigations were conducted to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying Li-ion migration in Li_(8)SeN_(2),Li_(7)PSe_(6),and derived Li_(6)PSe_(5)X(X=Cl,Br,I).Notably,the highly favorable Li-ion conduction mechanism of vacancy diffusion was identified in Li6PSe5Cl and Li_(7)PSe_(6),which exhibited remarkably low activation energies of 0.21 and 0.23 eV,and conductivity values of 3.85×10^(-2)and 2.47×10^(-2)S cm^(-1)at 300 K,respectively.In contrast,Li-ion migration in Li_(8)SeN_(2)was found to occur via a substitution mechanism with a significant diffusion energy barrier,resulting in a high activation energy and low Li-ion conductivity of 0.54 eV and 3.6×10^(-6)S cm^(-1),respectively.Throughout this study,it was found that the ab initio molecular dynamics and nudged elastic band methods are complementary in revealing the Li-ion conduction mechanisms.Utilizing both methods proved to be efficient,as relying on only one of them would be insufficient.The discoveries made and methodology presented in this work lay a solid foundation and provide valuable insights for future research on SSEs for LMBs.

Atomistic understanding of capacity loss in LiNiO_(2)for high-nickel Li-ion batteries:First-principles study

Combining the first-principles calculations and structural enumeration with recognition,the delithiation process of LiNiO_(2)is investigated,where various supercell shapes are considered in order to obtain the formation energy of Li_(x)NiO_(2).Meanwhile,the voltage profile is simulated and the ordered phases of lithium vacancies corresponding to concentrations of 1/4,2/5,3/7,1/2,2/3,3/4,5/6,and 6/7 are predicted.To understand the capacity decay in the experiment during the charge/discharge cycles,deoxygenation and Li/Ni antisite defects are calculated,revealing that the chains of oxygen vacancies will be energetically preferrable.It can be inferred that in the absence of oxygen atom in high delithiate state,the diffusion of Ni atoms is facilitated and the formation of Li/Ni antisite is induced.

Two-dimensional MOF-based materials:Preparations and applications as electrodes in Li-ion batteries

Two-dimensional(2D)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are rapidly emerging as a unique class of mushrooming family of 2D materials offering distinctive features,such as hierarchical porosity,extensive surface area,easily available active sites,and versatile,adaptable structures.These promising characteristics have positioned them as highly appealing alternatives for a wide range of applications in energy storage technologies,including lithium batteries.Nevertheless,the poor conductivity and limited stability of 2D MOFs have limited their real applications in electrochemical energy storage.These limitations have therefore warranted ongoing research to enhance the performance of 2D MOFs.Given the significance of 2D MOF-based materials as an emerging class of advanced materials,a multitude of strategy has been devised to address these challenges such as synthesizing 2D conductive MOFs and derivatives along with 2D MOF hybridization.One promising approach involves the use of 2D MOF derivatives,including transition metal oxides,which due to their abundant unsatu rated active metal sites and shorter diffusion paths,offer superior electrochemical performance.Additionally,by combining pristine 2D MOFs with other materials,hybrid 2D MOF materials can be created.These hybrids,with their enhanced stability and conductivity,can be directly utilized as active materials in lithium batteries.In the present review,we categorize 2D MOF-based materials into three distinct groups:pristine 2D MOFs,2D MOFderived materials,and 2D MOF hybrid materials.The synthesis methods for each group,along with their specific applications as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries,are discussed in detail.This comprehensive review provides insights into the potential of 2D MOFs while highlighting the opportunities and challenges that are present in this evolving field.

Effect of Heatpipe Array Condenser Section Length on Thermal Cooling of Li-Ion Batteries

One of the new methods for ensuring that the battery in a thermal energy storage system is kept at the proper temperature is the heat pipe-based ThermalManagement System(TMS).In this study,the improvement of cooling performance of a heat pipe based TMS is examined through the variation of condenser section length of heat pipes in an array.The TMSs with an array of heat pipes with different condenser section lengths are considered.The system performances are evaluated using a validated numerical method.The results show that a heat pipebased TMS provides the best cooling performance when a wavy-like variation is employed and when the condenser section length of the last set of the heat pipe in the array is greater than that of the penultimate set.The maximum cell temperature and the maximum temperature difference within the cell of this TMS are decreased by 4.2 K and 1.1 K,respectively,when compared to the typical heat pipe based TMS with zero variation in its condenser section length.Conclusively,the strategy offers an improvement in the thermal uniformity for all the TMS cases.

EDTA-2Na-磷酸蒸馏-全自动流动注射分析仪联用测定高粱、大曲、酒醅中氰化物含量

该实验采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)-磷酸(2 g-5 m L)蒸馏体系对高粱、大曲、酒醅中的氰化物进行蒸馏提取,并结合全自动流动注射分析技术建立了高粱、大曲、酒醅中氰化物的快速测定方法。结果表明,氰化物在5~200μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.999 6),检出限(LOD)为8.10μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为25.00μg/kg;精密度、重复性、稳定性均良好,相对标准偏差(RSD)均<10%;样品的加标回收率为82.23%~97.64%。该检测技术前处理简便,检测效率较高,定量结果准确可靠,适用于大批量高粱、大曲、酒醅样品中氰化物的检测分析,对于提升白酒的质量安全监测能力具有重要的实际意义。

Enhanced Li storage of pure crystalline-C_(60) and TiNb_(2)O_(7)-nanostructure composite for Li-ion battery anodes

We propose a method for producing composite materials(hTNO@C_(60))comprising crystalline C_(60)particles and hollow-structu red TiNb_(2)O_(7)(hTNO)nanofibers via facile liquid-liquid interface precipitation followed by low-temperature annealing.This allows the systematic design of crystalline C_(60)as an active material for Li-ion battery anodes.The hTNO@C_(60)composite demonstrates outstanding cyclic stability,retaining a capacity of 465 mA h g^(-1)after 1,000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)It maintains a capacity of 98 mA h g^(-1)even after16,000 ultralong cycles at 8 A g^(-1)The enhancement in electrochemical properties is attributed to the successful growth and uniform doping of crystalline C_(60),resulting in improved electrical conductivity.The excellent electrochemical stability and properties of these composites make them promising anode materials.

LaNbO_(4)掺杂对Na-β"-Al_(2)O_(3)固态电解质性能的改善

离子导体陶瓷材料的高断裂强度和优异热稳定性对于解决目前困扰碱金属电池发展的热失控问题具有重要意义,但其在室温下表现出的较高离子传输阻力限制了全固态电池的实际性能。以Na-β"-Al_(2)O_(3)(SBA)这一具备独特层状二维Na^(+)传导结构的离子导体陶瓷为研究对象,通过合成具备“微弹性”特点的LaNbO_(4)陶瓷作为第二相来对SBA的晶粒间隙进行填充修饰,以改善SBA在室温下的离子传导性能。结果表明,0.50 wt.%的LaNbO_(4)掺入量对SBA的提升效果最佳,修饰后的SBA室温离子电导率达到了2.061 mS·cm^(-1)。对应的活化能也从纯相SBA的0.1714 eV降低到了0.1545 eV。陶瓷横截面的SEM图像表明,合适比例的LaNbO_(4)掺入不仅提高了SBA的烧结致密度,也改善了SBA的晶体生长趋势,因此修饰后的SBA的阻抗值发生了降低。在室温全固态对称钠电池的恒流循环实验中,使用掺杂SBA组装的对称电池能够以更低的电压运行也从实验层面上印证了上述观点。

鹅副粘病毒NA-1分离株HN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

鹅副粘病毒分离株NA_1经 11日龄鸡胚增殖后纯化。提取病毒的基因组RNA ,采用RT_PCR扩增出与预期设计的 1 7kb大小相符合的特异条带。将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pMD 18_T载体 ,经纯化、筛选及酶切鉴定后 ,初步获得了含鹅副粘病毒HN基因的阳性克隆 ,并对阳性克隆进行测序。测序后拼接得出HN基因的全序列长度为 174 0bp ,该基因的ORF总长为 1716bp ,编码 5 71个氨基酸。与GenBank下载的 15株参考毒株比较HN基因编码区全核苷酸序列 ,发现所测NA_1毒株与参考毒株YG97核苷酸序列同源性为 97 3% ,与F48E9同源性为 84 5 % ,与LaSota为 82 2 %。

水化Na-蒙脱石和Na/Mg-蒙脱石的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学方法(MD)研究了Na-蒙脱石和Na/Mg-蒙脱石层间的补偿阳离子和水分子的结构及扩散性质.模拟结果表明,在一定水含量范围内Na-蒙脱石和Na/Mg-蒙脱石表现出不同的膨胀形式,特别是层间水分子数目在48～72之间时,Na/Mg-蒙脱石的层间距比Na-蒙脱石有较为明显的增大.Na/Mg-蒙脱石两层水化物的层间水分子与Mg2+形成了明显的两层水合壳;而与Na+只形成了一层平面的水合壳.在Na/Mg-蒙脱石中,Na+和Mg2+的扩散方式不同,Na+的扩散范围相对更广,自扩散系数更大.Na/Mg-蒙脱石比相同水含量下的Na-蒙脱石层间水的自扩散系数小.由于Mg2+和Na+对层间结构的强烈影响,从而使有少量Mg2+取代Na+的Na/Mg-蒙脱石与Na-蒙脱石表现出不同的膨胀性质和层间物质的扩散性质.

SO_2和NO在Na-γ-Al_2O_3上吸附行为的研究

利用吸附曲线和漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)研究了150℃SO2和NO在NaγAl2O3上的吸附行为。吸附实验在固定床反应器内进行,原料气体积组成为NO(0.1%)、SO2(0.51%)、O2(4.5%)、Ar平衡。研究表明,150℃不论气相中是否有氧,NaγAl2O3均能单独吸附SO2或NO,NaγAl2O3单独吸附SO2时,观察不到有SO2-4生成,NaγAl2O3单独吸附NO时,NO吸附量较少,有微量NO2(或表面硝酸盐)生成;NaγAl2O3均能同时吸附SO2和NO,SO2和NO在NaγAl2O3上吸附时相互作用,NO促进SO2氧化生成SO2-4,SO2吸附量增加,SO2促进NO氧化转化,SO2也促使NO2脱附。气相氧促进了SO2和NO在NaγAl2O3上的吸附以及SO2和NO的相互作用。

Chip Design of Li-Ion Battery Charger Operating in Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage Modes

A design for a Li-ion battery charger IC that can operate in a constant current-constant voltage （CC- CV） charge mode is proposed. In the CC-CV charge mode,the charger IC provides a constant charging current at the beginning, and then the charging current begins to decrease before the battery voltage reaches its final value. After the battery voltage reaches its final value and remains constant,the charging current is further reduced. This approach prevents charging the battery with full current near its saturated voltage,which can cause heating. The novel design of the core of the charger IC realizes the proposed CC-CV charge mode. The chip was implemented in a CSMC 0.6μm CMOS mixed signal process. The experimental results verify the realization of the proposed CC- CV charge mode. The voltage of the battery after charging is 4. 1833V.

SO_2和NO在Na-γ-Al_2O_3上的吸附及相互作用

采用固定床连续流动反应器研究423K、常压下SO2和NO在Na-γ-Al2O3上的吸附性能。研究表明,不论是否存在O2,低温下Na-γ-Al2O3均能同时或单独吸附SO2和NO,O2提高了Na-γ-Al2O3吸附或同时吸附SO2和NO的能力。SO2和NO在Na-γ-Al2O3上吸附时存在相互作用,NO可以促进SO2的吸附,而SO2对NO吸附的影响是多方面的,一方面,SO2促进NO氧化转化,使NO吸附量增加,另一方面,SO2促使NO2脱附,降低了NO吸附量。O2促进了SO2和NO间的相互作用。

薄水铝石固相反应法制备Na-β"-Al_2O_3固体电解质

以薄水铝石为原料制备Al2O3前驱粉体,随后添加Na2CO3和稳定剂MgO,并通过固相反应法来制备Na-β"-Al2O3电解质。研究中通过改变前驱粉体制备时的预烧温度和保温时间,以及高温烧结制度优化烧结工艺。用X射线衍射(XRD)和综合热分析仪(TG-DSC)等手段对粉末的结构和热性能进行了表征;样品的电导率测试用交流阻抗进行测试。结果表明,预烧温度和保温时间对产物的纯度有显著影响。1150℃保温2h所得到的前驱粉料,经高温烧结后所得到的产物中β"-Al2O3相含量最高,达到96.1%,300℃时样品电导率为0.013S/cm。

NA-95水基型鞋用材料胶粘剂

以水为介质 ,以化工原料和高分子化合物通过共混改性合成 NA-95水基型鞋用材料胶粘剂 .该胶粘剂的主要性能优于天然白乳胶 ,其成本低于天然白乳胶 。