吡蚜酮副产废盐中污染物的鉴别及热解析工艺

针对吡蚜酮副产废盐中含有的污染物,采用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)、X线荧光光谱仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT IR)对废盐中的主要污染物成分进行鉴别。鉴别结果显示:废盐中除NaCl外,存在的主要污染物为NH4Cl、CH3COONH4和3-吡啶甲醛,质量分数分别约为10.41%、3.11%和5.22%。废盐的热解析研究结果表明:在空气中进行热解析,当温度达到500℃后,废盐中的N元素质量分数可接近为0,表明污染物已经从废盐中几乎完全去除。在废盐质量为5 g、空气流量为50 mL/min、升温速率为10℃/min、温度为500℃的条件下,热解析30 min并重结晶后,可得到质量分数约为99.88%的白色NaCl。

Electrochemical behavior and electrolytic preparation of lead in eutectic NaCl−KCl melts

A novel molten salt extraction process consisting of chlorination roasting and molten salt electrolysis was proposed to develop a more efficient and environmental friendly technology for recovering lead from spent lead acid batteries(LABs).The feasibility of this process was firstly assessed based on thermodynamics fundamentals.The electrochemical behavior of Pb(II)on a tungsten electrode in the eutectic NaCl−KCl melts at 700℃ was then investigated in detail by transient electrochemical techniques.The results indicated that the reduction reaction of Pb(II)in NaCl−KCl melts was a one-step process exchanging two electrons,and it was determined to be a quasi-reversible diffusion-controlled process.Finally,potentiostatic electrolysis was carried out at−0.6 V(vs Ag/AgCl)in the NaCl−KCl−PbCl2 melts,and the obtained cathodic product was identified as pure Pb by X-ray diffraction analysis.This investigation demonstrated that it is practically feasible to produce pure Pb metal by electrochemical reduction of PbCl2 in eutectic NaCl−KCl melts,and has provided important fundamental for the further study on lead recovery from spent LABs via molten salt extraction process.

废弃SCR脱硝催化剂与废NaCl盐焙烧回收催化剂中的钛、钒、钨

通过废弃选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂与废NaCl盐焙烧,可以将催化剂中的钨和钒与钛分离。在最佳浸出条件下(焙烧温度900℃,焙烧时间3 h,废盐与废催化剂的质量比为0.5,浸出温度80℃,反应时间60 min),钨和钒的浸出率分别达到84.63%和66.42%,同时钛的损失率仅为1.3%。废NaCl盐和焙烧温度可以促进锐钛矿型TiO_(2)转化为金红石型TiO_(2),反应后得到了金红石型TiO_(2)。金红石型TiO_(2)中的钛的价态为四价,晶格氧和化学吸附氧分别占57.26%和42.74%。该方法可以同时解决2种废弃物的处置问题。