This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during th...This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on 11 March2011. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations and that households' risk perceptions changed throughout the Natech accident evacuation process. Risk perception differed according to household location and demographic characteristics. We also found differences in the protective measures adopted for households in different locations. Specifically, those living closer to the Natech accident tended to evacuate immediately,whereas those living further away tended to shelter in place. Wind direction is discussed as a factor that influences households' risk perception and evacuation response to a Natech accident. The findings of this study advance knowledge of household behavior in response to a Natech accident and can assist emergency managers in developing strategies for better management of evacuation processes.展开更多
Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natechs)refer to accidents involving releases of hazardous materials(hazmat)triggered by natural hazards.Huge economic losses,as well as human health and environmental ...Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natechs)refer to accidents involving releases of hazardous materials(hazmat)triggered by natural hazards.Huge economic losses,as well as human health and environmental problems are caused by Natechs.In this regard,learning from previous Natechs is critical for risk management.However,due to data scarcity and high uncertainty concerning such hazards,it becomes a serious challenge for risk managers to detect Natechs from large databases,such as the National Response Center(NRC)database.As the largest database of hazmat release incidents,the NRC database receives hazmat release reports from citizens in the United States.However,callers often have incomplete details about the incidents they are reporting.This results in many records having incomplete information.Consequently,it is quite difficult to identify and extract Natechs accurately and efficiently.In this study,we introduce machine learning theory into the Natech retrieving research,and a Semi-Intelligent Natech Identification Framework(SINIF)is proposed in order to solve the problem.We tested the suitability of two supervised machine learning algorithms,namely the Long ShortTerm Memory(LSTM)and the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and selected the former for the development of the SINIF.According to the results,the SINIF is efficient(a total number of 826,078 records were analyzed)and accurate(the accuracy is over 0.90),while 32,841 Natech reports between 1990 and 2017 were extracted from the NRC database.Furthermore,the majority of those Natech reports(97.85%)were related to meteorological phenomena,with hurricanes(24.41%),heavy rains(19.27%),and storms(18.29%)as the main causes of these reported Natechs.Overall,this study suggests that risk managers can benefit immensely from SINIF in analyzing Natech data from large databases efficiently.展开更多
世界上很多国家为阻止工厂日常运营期间化工(学)事故的发生,都颁布了相应的条例和规章。然而,事实证明,如果特定状况没有作为重要因素被考虑的话,那么现存规章中的规定是不够的。这类特定状况有很多种,其中最为常见的就是由自然灾害而...世界上很多国家为阻止工厂日常运营期间化工(学)事故的发生,都颁布了相应的条例和规章。然而,事实证明,如果特定状况没有作为重要因素被考虑的话,那么现存规章中的规定是不够的。这类特定状况有很多种,其中最为常见的就是由自然灾害而触发的化工(学)等技术灾害。这类技术灾害被称为Natechs,就是由英文中Natural and Technological Disasters(自然和技术灾害)所构造出的一个新词。自然灾害通常作用于较大范围内。展开更多
A growing number of natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natech)has been reported by several researchers,and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change.As a result,some governments have initi...A growing number of natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natech)has been reported by several researchers,and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change.As a result,some governments have initiated direct efforts to manage Natech risks,particularly in the United States and Europe.However,two surveys conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)in 2009 and 2017 found that there was a lack of proper risk management and risk governance for Natech among OECD member states,including Japan and South Korea.This study aimed to identify relevant regulations and practical considerations for chemical and Natech risk management from government perspectives in Japan and South Korea.The article provides a review of the current state of risk management,emergency response,and risk communication on chemical and Natech risk management in the two countries,and concludes with a discussion of some of the issues that require improvement of the current chemical risk management.Current practices for chemical risk management in Japan and South Korea point to the possibility of improvements in dealing with the Natech risks.These practical lessons will be valuable for improving the capacity for dealing with challenges in chemical and Natech risk management.展开更多
文摘This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on 11 March2011. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations and that households' risk perceptions changed throughout the Natech accident evacuation process. Risk perception differed according to household location and demographic characteristics. We also found differences in the protective measures adopted for households in different locations. Specifically, those living closer to the Natech accident tended to evacuate immediately,whereas those living further away tended to shelter in place. Wind direction is discussed as a factor that influences households' risk perception and evacuation response to a Natech accident. The findings of this study advance knowledge of household behavior in response to a Natech accident and can assist emergency managers in developing strategies for better management of evacuation processes.
基金supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(Kaken Grant 17K01336,April 2017–March 2020)the China Scholarship Council(CSC No.201606620007)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(Monbukagakusho:MEXT Scholarship No.171572,2017–2021)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(Monbukagakusho:MEXT scholarship,2019–2022)
文摘Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natechs)refer to accidents involving releases of hazardous materials(hazmat)triggered by natural hazards.Huge economic losses,as well as human health and environmental problems are caused by Natechs.In this regard,learning from previous Natechs is critical for risk management.However,due to data scarcity and high uncertainty concerning such hazards,it becomes a serious challenge for risk managers to detect Natechs from large databases,such as the National Response Center(NRC)database.As the largest database of hazmat release incidents,the NRC database receives hazmat release reports from citizens in the United States.However,callers often have incomplete details about the incidents they are reporting.This results in many records having incomplete information.Consequently,it is quite difficult to identify and extract Natechs accurately and efficiently.In this study,we introduce machine learning theory into the Natech retrieving research,and a Semi-Intelligent Natech Identification Framework(SINIF)is proposed in order to solve the problem.We tested the suitability of two supervised machine learning algorithms,namely the Long ShortTerm Memory(LSTM)and the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and selected the former for the development of the SINIF.According to the results,the SINIF is efficient(a total number of 826,078 records were analyzed)and accurate(the accuracy is over 0.90),while 32,841 Natech reports between 1990 and 2017 were extracted from the NRC database.Furthermore,the majority of those Natech reports(97.85%)were related to meteorological phenomena,with hurricanes(24.41%),heavy rains(19.27%),and storms(18.29%)as the main causes of these reported Natechs.Overall,this study suggests that risk managers can benefit immensely from SINIF in analyzing Natech data from large databases efficiently.
文摘世界上很多国家为阻止工厂日常运营期间化工(学)事故的发生,都颁布了相应的条例和规章。然而,事实证明,如果特定状况没有作为重要因素被考虑的话,那么现存规章中的规定是不够的。这类特定状况有很多种,其中最为常见的就是由自然灾害而触发的化工(学)等技术灾害。这类技术灾害被称为Natechs,就是由英文中Natural and Technological Disasters(自然和技术灾害)所构造出的一个新词。自然灾害通常作用于较大范围内。
基金supported by a Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI)grant of Kyoto University for collaborative research in 2018the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(MEXT scholarship,2017-2020)。
文摘A growing number of natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natech)has been reported by several researchers,and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change.As a result,some governments have initiated direct efforts to manage Natech risks,particularly in the United States and Europe.However,two surveys conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)in 2009 and 2017 found that there was a lack of proper risk management and risk governance for Natech among OECD member states,including Japan and South Korea.This study aimed to identify relevant regulations and practical considerations for chemical and Natech risk management from government perspectives in Japan and South Korea.The article provides a review of the current state of risk management,emergency response,and risk communication on chemical and Natech risk management in the two countries,and concludes with a discussion of some of the issues that require improvement of the current chemical risk management.Current practices for chemical risk management in Japan and South Korea point to the possibility of improvements in dealing with the Natech risks.These practical lessons will be valuable for improving the capacity for dealing with challenges in chemical and Natech risk management.
