Magnetic resonance imaging scanning susceptibility weighted imaging sequences in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanning with susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)sequences plays a significant role in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).AIM To observe the role of MRI multi-parameter quantitative indexes in the diagnosis of neonatal HIE.METHODS The imaging data from 23 cases of neonatal HIE admitted to the Imaging Department of Ganyu District People's Hospital of Lianyungang City and 23 neonates without HIE admitted during the same period were analyzed retrospectively from August,2021 to December,2023.The results of clinical judgment were compared with the results of computed tomography(CT)and MRI examinations.RESULTS The degree of cerebral edema(more than moderate),the number of damaged brain regions(>2),the number of cerebral hemorrhages(>2),and the percentage of small venous dilatation detected were higher in MRI than in CT examination,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total area of the largest region of cerebral damage and of cerebral hemorrhage observed by MRI examination were significantly larger than those of CT examination(P<0.01).Multiparametric quantitative MRI combined with diffusion weighted imaging and SWI had higher sensitivity and accuracy than CT diagnosis,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The difference in the specificity of the two modes of diagnosis was not significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The use of MRI multi-parameter quantitative indexes can accurately diagnose and evaluate neonatal HIE.

Transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for repair of neurological damage in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with permanent cerebral palsy,neurosensory impairments,and cognitive deficits,and there is no effective treatment for complications related to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The therapeutic potential of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for various diseases has been explored.However,the potential use of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has not yet been investigated.In this study,we injected human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model and observed significant improvements in both cognitive and motor function.Protein chip analysis showed that interleukin-3 expression was significantly elevated in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats.Following transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells,interleukin-3 expression was downregulated.To further investigate the role of interleukin-3 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,we established an in vitro SH-SY5Y cell model of hypoxic-ischemic injury through oxygen-glucose deprivation and silenced interleukin-3 expression using small interfering RNA.We found that the activity and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation were further suppressed by interleukin-3 knockdown.Furthermore,interleukin-3 knockout exacerbated neuronal damage and cognitive and motor function impairment in rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The findings suggest that transplantation of hpcMSCs ameliorated behavioral impairments in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,and this effect was mediated by interleukin-3-dependent neurological function.

Observation on the Effect of Parental Participation in Nursing Under the IMCHB Model in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of parental participation in nursing under the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior(IMCHB)model in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods:The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University included 46 newborns with HIE admitted from October 2021 to October 2023 into the study population.They were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method,with the control group adopting routine nursing,and the observation group implementing parental participation in nursing under the IMCHB model.The indicators of physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development of the two groups were compared before and after nursing.Results:The physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after 3 months of nursing,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of the IMCHB model of parental participation in the clinical care of HIE neonates can further promote their physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development.

Effect of erythropoietin combined with hypothermia on serum tau protein levels and neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Although hypothermia therapy is effective to treat neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,many neonatal patients die or suffer from severe neurological dysfunction.Erythropoietin is considered one of the most promising neuroprotective agents.We hypothesized that erythropoietin combined with hypothermia will improve efficacy of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treatment.In this study,41 neonates with moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were randomly divided into a control group（hypothermia alone for 72 hours,n = 20） and erythropoietin group（hypothermia ＋ erythropoietin 200 IU/kg for 10 days,n = 21）.Our results show that compared with the control group,serum tau protein levels were lower and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment scores higher in the erythropoietin group at 8 and 12 days.However,neurodevelopmental outcome was similar between the two groups at 9 months of age.These findings suggest that erythropoietin combined with hypothermia reduces serum tau protein levels and improves neonatal behavioral neurology outcome but does not affect long-term neurodevelopmental outcome.

Meta-analysis evaluation of the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with ganglioside

The efficacy and safety of ganglioside in the treatment of neonates who suffer from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)needs to be fully evaluated.We searched the following databases:PubMed,ScienceDirect,LISTA,CNKI,Chinese biomedical literature database and Wanfang digital journals of full-text database to determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria of papers and a total of 12 papers were included after quality evaluation.Then we conducted the meta-analysis with RevMan5.0 software.The results showed that compared with the control group,the abnormal rate declined in the ganglioside-treated group(relative risk(RR)=0.27,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.05-1.96).NBNA records of the 7,10-14d neonates were improved effectively:RR(95%CI)were 2.28(0.86-3.42)and 2.53(1.04-2.92)respectively.Neural system sequelae incidence was reduced significantly:RR(95%CI)=0.35:(0.15-0.79).Ganglioside treatment could effectively reduce the abnormality rate of head size,improve the neurological score,reduce the incidence of neurological sequelae,and significantly prompt clinical recovery for neonates with HIE.

Grading Method for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Based on Neonatal EEG

The grading of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)contributes to the clinical decision making for neonates with HIE.In this paper,an automated grading method based on electroencephalogram(EEG)data is proposed to describe the severity of HIE infants,namely mild asphyxia,moderate asphyxia and severe asphyxia.The automated grading method is based on a multi-class support vector machine(SVM)classifier,and the input features of SVM classifier include long-term features which are extracted by decomposing the EEG data into different 64 s epoch data and short-term features which are extracted by segmenting the 64 s epoch data into 8 s epoch data with 4 s overlap.Of note,the correlation coefficient and asymmetry extracted in this paper have obvious discriminating capability in HIE infants classification.The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the classification accuracy of 78.3%,75.8%and 87.0%of the mild asphyxia group,moderate asphyxia group and severe asphyxia group,respectively.Moreover,the overall accuracy and kappa used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method can reach 79.5%and 0.69,respectively.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment promotes neural stem cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage has been used clinically for many years, but its effectiveness remains controversial. In addition, the mechanism of this potential neuroprotective effect remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats （7 days old） subjected to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Six hours after modeling, rats were treated with hyperbaric oxygen once daily for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of 5-bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine positive and nestin positive cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats increased at day 3 after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and peaked at day 5. After hyperbaric oxygen treatment, the number of 5-bromo-2＇- deoxyuddine positive and nestin positive cells began to increase at day 1, and was significantly higher than that in normal rats and model rats until day 21. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that hyperbaric oxygen treatment could attenuate pathological changes to brain tissue in neonatal rats, and reduce the number of degenerating and necrotic nerve cells. Our experimental findings indicate that hyperbaric oxygen treatment enhances the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, and has therapeutic potential for promoting neurological recovery following brain injury.

Applications of advanced signal processing and machine learning in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic electroencephalography

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy significantly contributes to neonatal death and life-long disability such as cerebral palsy. Advances in signal processing and machine learning have provided the research community with an opportunity to develop automated real-time identification techniques to detect the signs of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy in larger electroencephalography/amplitude-integrated electroencephalography data sets more easily. This review details the recent achievements, performed by a number of prominent research groups across the world, in the automatic identification and classification of hypoxic-ischemic epileptiform neonatal seizures using advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques. This review also addresses the clinical challenges that current automated techniques face in order to be fully utilized by clinicians, and highlights the importance of upgrading the current clinical bedside sampling frequencies to higher sampling rates in order to provide better hypoxic-ischemic biomarker detection frameworks. Additionally, the article highlights that current clinical automated epileptiform detection strategies for human neonates have been only concerned with seizure detection after the therapeutic latent phase of injury. Whereas recent animal studies have demonstrated that the latent phase of opportunity is critically important for early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy electroencephalography biomarkers and although difficult, detection strategies could utilize biomarkers in the latent phase to also predict the onset of future seizures.

Estrogen inhibits lipid peroxidation after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats

Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats within 7 days after birth were used in this study. The left common carotid artery was occluded and rats were housed in an 8% O2 environment for 2 hours to establish a hypoxic-ischemic brain damage model. 17β-estradiol （1 × 10-5 M） was injected into the rat abdominal cavity after the model was successfully established. The left hemisphere was obtained at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after operation. Results showed that malondialdehyde content in the left brain of neonatal rats gradually increased as modeling time prolonged, while malondialdehyde content of 17β-estrodial-treated rats significantly declined by 24 hours, reached lowest levels at 48 hours, and then peaked at 72 hours after injury. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate histochemical staining showed the nitric oxide synthase-positive cells and fibers dyed blue/violet and were mainly distributed in the cortex, hippocampus and medial septal nuclei. The number of nitric oxide synthase-positive cells peaked at 48 hours and significantly decreased after 17β-estrodial treatment. Our experimental findings indicate that estrogen plays a protective role following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by alleviating lipid peroxidation through reducing the expression of nitric oxide synthase and the content of malondialdehyde.

Research progress of microRNA in the regulatory mechanism of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

MicroRNA(miRNA)plays a key role in the molecular regulation of neurological diseases,and the molecular mechanism of miRNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Recently,it has been reported that various miRNA molecules can inhibit target mRNA and even degrade target mRNA by changing the complete complementary or incomplete complementary binding to the target mRNA.Therefore,miRNA is of great significance for the study of mRNA related to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.This article briefly reviews the molecular mechanisms,functions and regulation of miRNAs on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Semi-quantitative Assessment of Brain Maturation by Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonates with Clinically Mild Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy

Background：Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE） injury is becoming the major type in neonatal brain diseases.The aim of this study was to assess brain maturation in mild HIE neonatal brains using total maturation score （TMS） based on conventional magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.Methods：Totally,45 neonates with clinically mild HIE and 45 matched control neonates were enrolled.Gestated age,birth weight,age after birth and postmenstrual age at magnetic resonance （MR） scan were homogenous in the two groups.According to MR findings,mild HIE neonates were divided into three subgroups：Pattern Ⅰ,neonates with normal MR appearance; Pattern Ⅱ,preterm neonates with abnormal MR appearance; Pattern Ⅲ,full-term neonates with abnormal MR appearance.TMS and its parameters,progressive myelination （M）,cortical infolding （C）,involution of germinal matrix tissue （G）,and glial cell migration bands （B）,were employed to assess brain maturation and compare difference between HIE and control groups.Results：The mean of TMS was significantly lower in mild HIE group than it in the control group （mean ± standard deviation [SD] 11.62 ± 1.53 vs.12.36 ± 1.26,P 〈 0.001）.In four parameters of TMS scores,the M and C scores were significantly lower in mild HIE group.Of the three patterns of mild HIE,Pattern Ⅰ （10 cases） showed no significant difference of TMS compared with control neonates,while Pattern Ⅱ （22 cases）,Ⅲ （13 cases） all had significantly decreased TMS than control neonates （mean ± SD 10.56 ± 0.93 vs.11.48 ± 0.55,P 〈 0.05; 12.59 ± 1.28 vs.13.25 ± 1.29,P 〈 0.05）.It was M,C,and GM scores that significantly decreased in Pattern Ⅱ,while for Pattern Ⅲ,only C score significantly decreased.Conclusions：The TMS system,based on conventional MRI,is an effective method to detect delayed brain maturation in clinically mild HIE.The conventional MRI can reveal the different retardations in subtle structures and development processes among the different patterns of mild HIE.

Biomarkers of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy:a systematic review

Background Current diagnostic criteria for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in the early hours lack objective measurement tools.Therefore,this systematic review aims to identify putative molecules that can be used in diagnosis in daily clinical practice(PROSPERO ID:CRD42021272610).Data sources Searches were performed in PubMed,Web of Science,and Science Direct databases until November 2020.English original papers analyzing samples from newborns>36 weeks that met at least two American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists diagnostic criteria and/or imaging evidence of cerebral damage were included.Bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.The search and data extraction were verified by two authors separately.Results From 373 papers,30 met the inclusion criteria.Data from samples collected in the first 72 hours were extracted,and increased serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100-calcium-binding protein-B were associated with a worse prognosis in newborns that suffered an episode of perinatal asphyxia.In addition,the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein,ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase isozyme-L1,glutamic pyruvic transaminase-2,lactate,and glucose were elevated in newborns diagnosed with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.Moreover,pathway analysis revealed insulin-like growth factor signaling and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism to be involved in the early molecular response to insult.Conclusions Neuron-specific enolase and S100-calcium-binding protein-B are potential biomarkers,since they are correlated with an unfavorable outcome of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy newborns.However,more studies are required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this approach to be validated for clinical practice.

Electroencephalography studies of hypoxic ischemia in fetal and neonatal animal models

Alongside clinical achievements,experiments conducted on animal models (including primate or non-primate) have been effective in the understanding of various pathophysiological aspects of perinatal hypoxic/ ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Due to the reasonably fair degree of flexibility with experiments,most of the research around HIE in the literature has been largely concerned with the neurodevelopmental outcome or how the frequency and duration of HI seizures could relate to the severity of perinatal brain injury,following HI insult.This survey concentrates on how EEG experimental studies using asphyxiated animal models (in rodents,piglets,sheep and non-human primate monkeys) provide a unique opportunity to examine from the exact time of HI event to help gain insights into HIE where human studies become difficult.

纳络酮对缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血浆神经肽Y和β-内啡肽的影响

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)血浆神经肽Y(NPY)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)的变化及纳络酮治疗后对其的影响。方法将34例中、重度HIE患儿随机分成常规治疗组(18例),纳络酮治疗组(16例),以14例正常新生儿为对照组,纳络酮治疗组入院后在常规治疗的基础上给予纳络酮治疗,连用3天。HIE患儿组治疗前、治疗3d后各采血收集标本一次,采用放射免疫法测定NPY、β-EP。结果①HIE患儿血浆NPY、β-EP水平为(174.23±18.31)ng／L、(123.36±16.42)ng／L均显著高于正常对照组(87.19±12.95)ng／L、(63.27±12.65)ng／L(P<0.01)。HIE急性期NPY与β-EP呈正相关(r=0.347,P<0.05)。②HIE常规组、纳络酮组治疗3d后血浆NPY、β-EP水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01)。治疗后HIE纳络酮组NPY、β-EP水平均显著低于常规组(P<0.01)。结论NPY、β-EP共同参与了HIE的病理生理过程,在HIE发病机制中可能起重要作用;纳络酮能显著降低NPY、β-EP水平,减轻脑损伤。

纳络酮佐治新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病临床效果的Meta分析

临床上已用纳络酮 (naloxone)佐治新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (hypoxicischemicencephalopathy ,HIE) ,但对其疗效存在着争议。该文采用Meta分析方法综合评价纳络酮治疗新生儿HIE的有效性。方法 采用Meta分析 ,对满足条件的 2 0篇有关纳络酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病效果对照研究的病例进行定性、定量综合评估 ,得出合并后的疗效和不良反应的比值比 (OR)及其 95 %的可信区间 (CI)。结果 在HIE常规治疗基础上 ,加用纳络酮治疗 ,可使患儿临床症状明显好转 (合并OR值 =4 .89,95 %CI为 2 .5 9～ 9.2 1 ) ,明显缩短中枢性呼吸衰竭时间 (合并OR值 =1 1 .0 9,95 %CI为 5 .1 3～ 2 3.98)、胃肠功能衰竭时间 (合并OR值 =4 4 .5 8,95 %CI为 1 8.4 2～1 0 7.93)和循环不良消失时间 (合并OR值 =5 .5 4 ,95 %CI为 2 .97～ 1 0 .35 ) ,并提高其存活率 (合并OR值 =3.38,95 %CI为 2 .0 1～ 5 .71 )。结论 在HIE常规治疗的基础上加用纳络酮 ,可显著改善HIE患儿病情 ,提高患儿的存活率。

单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠联合纳洛酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的疗效分析

目的观察单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠联合纳洛酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的临床疗效。方法选取60例HIE患儿,随机分为2组。观察组30例患儿,采用常规综合治疗及单唾液四己糖神经节苷脂钠联合纳洛酮治疗;对照组30例患儿,采用HIE常规综合治疗及胞二磷胆碱治疗,观察两组患儿在治疗7 d内意识障碍、呼吸、肌张力及惊厥等症状和体征改善情况,进行疗效评定,根据鲍秀兰提出的新生儿神经行为(NABA)评分标准,在出生后以及治疗后3、7、14、28 d对两组患儿进行评分。随访两组患儿1年,观察比较两组患儿后遗症发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,对照组为73.33%,观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前NABA评分差异无统计学意义,观察组治疗后3、7、14、28 d时NABA评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患儿1例(3.33%)发生癫疒间,对照组6例(20.00%)发生后遗症,观察组后遗症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠联合纳洛酮治疗HIE,可明显改善患儿神经系统症状,降低后遗症的发生率,效果显著。

盐酸纳洛酮联合丹参注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床观察

目的：观察盐酸纳洛酮联合丹参注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的临床疗效及安全性。方法：104例HIE患儿按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各52例。对照组患儿给予盐酸纳洛酮注射液0.02 mg/kg,ivgtt,qd,以及常规对症治疗;观察组患儿在对照组基础上给予丹参注射液4~6 ml加入10%葡萄糖注射液20 ml中,ivgtt,qd。两组患儿疗程均为7 d。比较两组患儿临床疗效、症状和体征恢复情况,血清基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）9、白细胞介素（IL）6、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α水平,脑血流动力学参数以及不良反应发生情况。结果：两组患儿治疗前的血清MMP-9、IL-6、TNF-α及脑血流动力学参数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。观察组患儿总有效率（92.31%）明显高于对照组（75.00%）,治疗后意识障碍恢复时间、原始反射恢复时间和肌张力恢复时间均明显短于对照组,血清MMP-9、IL-6和TNF-α水平均明显低于对照组,收缩期峰值流速（PSFV）、舒张末期流速（EDFV）明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患儿治疗后阻力指数（RI）低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组患儿均未见明显不良反应发生。结论：盐酸纳洛酮联合丹参注射液可明显改善新生儿HIE症状、体征恢复情况,降低血清MMP-9、IL-6、TNF-α水平,改善脑血流动力学参数水平,且安全性较好。

纳洛酮干预治疗对重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病预后的影响

目的：探讨纳洛酮干预治疗对重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病预后的影响。方法将42例重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿按治疗方法不同分为2组：对照组19例给予吸氧、保暖、控制脑水肿、降低颅内压、营养脑细胞等常规治疗。治疗组23例在常规治疗基础上加用纳洛酮干预治疗。7～14 d为一个疗程，比较2组治疗前后临床评分及神经行为（NBNA）评分。结果2组治疗后各时间段临床评分较治疗前均显著降低（P〈0.05），治疗组治疗后临床评分较对照组下降更为明显（P〈0.05）。2组治疗后NBNA评分较治疗前均显著增加（P〈0.05），治疗组治疗后NBNA评分较对照组升高更为明显（P〈0.05）。结论新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病给予纳洛酮干预治疗可以明显降低新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的临床评分和提高NBNA评分，改善新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的预后。

神经节苷脂联合纳络酮治疗新生儿HIE疗效观察

目的探讨神经节苷脂联合纳洛酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的疗效。方法将82例缺氧缺血性脑病患儿随机分为两组，纳洛酮治疗组（对照组）35例，神经节苷脂联合纳洛酮治疗组（观察组）47例，观察两组治疗的有效率以及相关指标的变化。结果①观察组比较对照组总体有效率之间差异无统计学意义（x。=3．387，P〉0．05）；②观察组患儿的意识、反射及肌张力恢复时间与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为-8．033、-10．079、-6．560，均P〈0．05）；③观察组患儿7天及10天新生儿行为神经评分明显高于对照组（f值分别为10．961、13．124，均P〈0．05）。结论神经节苷脂联合纳洛酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病可以缩短患儿的恢复时间，并能提高神经评分。

纳洛酮治疗中重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的疗效观察

目的:观察纳洛酮治疗中重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的疗效.方法:将68例HIE患儿分为治疗组36例和对照组32例,对照组常规综合治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用纳洛酮0.1 mg/kg,连用2～3 d,观察临床症状与体征的变化.结果:总有效率治疗组94.44%,对照组75.00%,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:纳洛酮治疗中重度HIE疗效显著,未见明显副作用.