Geochemical characteristics and exploration significance of ultra-deep Sinian oil and gas from Well Tashen 5,Tarim Basin,NW China

The Well Tashen 5(TS5),drilled and completed at a vertical depth of 9017 m in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin,NW China,is the deepest well in Asia.It has been producing both oil and gas from the Sinian at a depth of 8780e8840 m,also the deepest in Asia in terms of oil discovery.In this paper,the geochemical characteristics of Sinian oil and gas from the well were investigated and compared with those of Cambrian oil and gas discovered in the same basin.The oil samples,with Pr/Ph ratio of 0.78 and a whole oil carbon isotopic value of31.6‰,have geochemical characteristics similar to those of Ordovician oils from the No.1 fault in the North Shuntuoguole area(also named Shunbei area)and the Middle Cambrian oil from wells Zhongshen 1(ZS1)and Zhongshen 5(ZS5)of Tazhong Uplift.The maturity of light hydrocarbons,diamondoids and aromatic fractions all suggest an approximate maturity of 1.5%e1.7%Ro for the samples.The(4-+3-)methyldiamantane concentration of the samples is 113.5 mg/g,indicating intense cracking with a cracking degree of about 80%,which is consistent with the high bottom hole temperature(179℃).The Sinian gas samples are dry with a dryness coefficient of 0.97.The gas is a mixture of kerogen-cracking gas and oil-cracking gas and has Ro values ranging between 1.5%and 1.7%,and methane carbon isotopic values of41.6‰.Based on the equivalent vitrinite reflectance(R_(eqv)=1.51%e1.61%)and the thermal evolution of source rocks from the Cambrian Yu'ertusi Formation of the same well,it is proposed that the Sinian oil and gas be mainly sourced from the Cambrian Yu'ertusi Formation during the Himalayan period but probably also be joined by hydrocarbon of higher maturity that migrated from other source rocks in deeper formations.The discovery of Sinian oil and gas from Well TS5 suggests that the ancient ultra-deep strata in the northern Tarim Basin have the potential for finding volatile oil or condensate reservoirs.

Distribution Features of the Nanhua-Sinian Rifts and their Significance to Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Tarim Basin

On the basis of reprocessing 34 new two-dimensional spliced long sections(20,191 km) in the Tarim Basin, the deep structure features of the Tarim Basin were analyzed through interpreting 30,451 km of two-dimensional seismic data and compiling basic maps. Seismic interpretation and geological analysis conclude that the Nanhua-Sinian strata are a set of rift-depression depositional systems according to their tectonic and depositional features. The rift valley formed in the Nanhua Period, and the transformation became weaker during the late Sinian Period, which eventually turned into depression. From bottom to top, the deposited strata include mafic igneous, tillite, mudstone, and dolomite. Three major depocenters developed inside this basin during the rift stage and are distributed in the eastern Tarim Basin, the Awati area, and the southwestern Tarim Basin. Among them, the rift in the eastern Tarim Basin strikes in the near east-west direction on the plane and coincides with the aeromagnetic anomaly belt. This represents a strong magnetic zone formed by upwelling basic volcanic rock along high, steep normal faults of the Nanhua Period. Controlled by the tectonic background, two types of sedimentary systems were developed in the rift stage and depression stage, showing two types of sequence features in the Sinian depositional stage. The Nanhua System appears as a wedge-shaped formation, with its bottom in unconformable contact with the base. The rifting event has a strong influence on the current tectonic units in the Tarim Basin, and affects the distribution of source rock in the Yuertus Formation and reservoir beds in the Xiaoerbulake Formation in Lower Cambrian, as well as the gypseous cap rock in Middle Cambrian. The distribution features of the rifts have important and realistic significance for determining the direction of oil and gas exploration in the deep strata of the Tarim Basin. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Tazhong region is the most favorable zone, and the Kalpin-Bachu region is the optimal potential zone for exploring sub-salt oil and gas in deep Cambrian strata.

Geological characteristics of the southern segment of the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian Deyang-Anyue rift trough in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the latest drilling, seismic and field outcrop data, the geological characteristics(e.g. strata, development and sedimentary evolution) of the southern segment of the Late Sinian–Early Cambrian Deyang–Anyue rift trough in the Sichuan Basin are analyzed. First, the strata in the southern segment are complete. The first to second members of Dengying Formation(Deng 1 + Deng 2) are found with relatively stable thickness(400–550 m), and the third to fourth members(Deng 3+ Deng 4) show great thickness difference between the marginal trough and the inner trough, which is up to 250 m. The Cambrian Maidiping Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin are relatively thin, with the thickness changing greatly and frequently. Second, the Deyang–Anyue rift trough extended southward during the Deng 4 period, affecting southern Sichuan Basin. Compared to the middle and northern segments of the rift trough, the southern segment is generally wide, gentle and shallow, with multiple steps, and alternating uplifts and sags, which are distributed in finger shape. Third, the Deng 1 + Deng 2 in southern Sichuan Basin records the dominance of carbonate platform and unobvious sedimentary differentiation, and the Deng 4 exhibits obvious sedimentary differentiation, namely, basin–slope–secondary slope–slope–secondary slope–platform margin–restricted platform, from the inner trough to the marginal trough. Fourth, the rift trough in southern Sichuan Basin has evolved in four stages: stabilization of Deng 1–Deng 2, initialization of Deng 3–Deng 4, filling of Maidiping–Qiongzhusi, and extinction of Canglangpu Formation.

Structural features and exploration targets of platform margins in Sinian Dengying Formation in Deyang-Anyue Rift, Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the seismic, logging, drilling and other data, the distribution, structural types and mound-shoal hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of platform margins of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Deyang-Anyue Rift and its periphery were analyzed. Four types of platform margins are developed in the Dengying Formation, i.e., single-stage fault-controlled platform margin, multi-stage fault-controlled platform margin, gentle slope platform margin, and overlapping platform margin. In the Gaoshiti West-Weiyuan East area, single-stage fault controlled platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 Member, which trend in nearly NEE direction and are shielded by faults and mudstones, forming fault-controlled–lithologic traps. In the Lezhi-Penglai area, independent and multi-stage fault controlled platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 Member, which trend in NE direction and are controlled by synsedimentary faults;the mound-shoal complexes are aggraded and built on the hanging walls of the faults, and they are shielded by tight intertidal belts and the Lower Cambrian source rocks in multiple directions, forming fault-controlled–lithologic and other composite traps. In the Weiyuan-Ziyang area, gentle slope platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 Member, which trend in NW direction;the mound-shoal complexes are mostly thin interbeds as continuous bands and shielded by tight intertidal belts in the updip direction, forming lithologic traps. In the Gaoshiti-Moxi-Yanting area, overlapping platform margins are developed in the Deng 2 and Deng 4 members;the mound-shoal complexes are aggraded and overlaid to create platform margin buildup with a huge thickness and sealed by tight intertidal belts and the Lower Cambrian mudstones in the updip direction, forming large-scale lithologic traps on the north slope of the Central Sichuan Paleouplift. To summarize, the mound-shoal complexes on the platform margins in the Dengying Formation in the Penglai-Zhongjiang area, Moxi North-Yanting area and Weiyuan-Ziyang area are large in scale, with estimated resources of 1.58×1012 m3, and they will be the key targets for the future exploration of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin.

Geochronology and geological significance of the strata of the Neoproterozoic Nanhua System,SW North China Craton

A set of low-grade clastic metamorphic and carbonate rocks,and greenschists outcropping in the southwestern(SW)margin of the North China Craton(NCC),was originally classified as the Paleoproterozoic Xiong’er Group according to stratigraphic correlation.To verify the age,this paper carried out detrital zircon U–Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of low-grade clastic metamorphic rocks exposed in the Changqing area at the SW margin of the Ordos Block in the SW part of the NCC.Results from detrital zircon dating indicate that the metamorphic and carbonate rocks can be classified into the Neoproterozoic Nanhua System,which is the only Nanhua System stratum in this block so far,and it probably could provide new clues to Rodinia break-up and Snowball Earth of the NCC.The nine peak ages of the low-grade clastic metamorphic rocks reflected its relatively complex provenance,and almost all major geological events experienced by the NCC basement since the Neoarchean,but some age peaks were difficult to correspond to that of the NCC,indicating that the southwestern part of the Ordos Block was also affected by the Qinling and Qiliang orogenic belts during Nanhua System of Neoproterozoic.Combined with provenance analysis,it was revealed that the current southwest boundary of the Ordos Block was the previous southwest boundary of the Ordos Block during the Qingbaikou-Nanhua Period of the Neoproterozoic.

连续电磁剖面法在塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡裂陷槽深部构造研究中的应用

随着对塔里木盆地深层油气勘探认识不断深入,认为震旦—南华系裂陷槽对烃源岩的发育保存有着重要的控制作用,因此对该区域的裂陷槽探测是油气勘探的重要探索方向。前人研究认为对塔西南地区麦盖提斜坡处存在震旦—南华系裂陷槽,但受限于该区域地震资料品质,对该区域深层结构尤其是对基底和裂陷槽分布形态和范围认知不清。因此,通过一条跨过麦盖提斜坡与叶城凹陷的连续电磁剖面法剖面,结合研究区地质情况与井资料,构建了区域电阻率的物性分层结构,完成了对实际数据的二维反演,获取了该区域的深部电性结构与CEMP剖面的综合地质解释结果。为该区域新元古代裂陷槽发育情况的判断提供了新的电磁证据,也进一步刻画了基底、裂陷槽的电性特征与结构。探测结果认为裂陷主要由正断层控制,呈现裂陷群特点,裂陷多呈半地堑、不对称地堑及堑—垒相间的构造样式,在麦盖提斜坡、叶城凹陷处中部、南部的区域发育两个裂陷群,有利于区域内的烃源岩沉积,其中裂陷内震旦—南华系地层沉积较厚的区域具有较好的深层油气勘探潜力。

Petrophysical properties and their influencing factors of carbonates in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the measurements of petrological, petrophysical and elastic properties of the samples of different sedimentary facies in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation (Deng 4 Member) in the Sichuan Basin, the diagenetic processes of reservoirs of different sedimentary facies and their controls on the petrophysical properties were discussed. The results show that cracks and mineral composition jointly control the petrophysical properties, and both are significantly influenced by sedimentary environment and diagenesis. The microbial dolomite of mound-shoal facies mainly experienced multi-stage dolomitization, penecontemporaneous dissolution, tectonic rupture and hydrothermal/organic acid dissolution processes, giving rise to cracks and dissolved pores. The grannular dolomite of inter-mound-shoal bottomland or dolomitic lagoon facies mainly underwent mechanical compaction, burial dolomitization and tectonic-hydrothermal action, creating cracks and intercrystalline pores. The diagenesis related to crack development increases the pressure- and saturation-dependent effects of samples, leading to significant decrease in the compressional wave impedance and Poisson's ratio. Dolomitization changes the properties of mineral particles, resulting in a Poisson's ratio close to dolomite. The muddy, siliceous and calcareous sediments in the low-energy environment lead to the decrease of impedance and the differential change of Poisson's ratio (significantly increased or decreased). The samples with both cracks and dissolved pores show high P-wave velocity dispersion characteristics, and the P-wave velocity dispersion of samples with only fractures or pores is the lowest.

四川盆地及周缘前震旦系裂谷特征与油气地质意义

四川盆地及周缘已被证实发育较大规模的前震旦系裂谷,但其在盆地内部的展布及发育特征尚不明确,因此在一定程度上制约了对盆地深部构造格局的认识。为此,在前人研究的基础上,利用最新的重磁电资料,通过联合解译和小子域滤波等新技术对新元古界构造形态进行了研究,同时结合区域地震大剖面的精细解释并辅以航磁资料进行验证,分析了新元古代裂谷的特征及其对上覆地层的沉积控制作用。研究结果表明:①盆地内部自西北至东南共发育3条近乎平行的前震旦系裂谷,其中以川中裂谷规模最大;②裂谷内部发育一系列与裂谷走向近平行的次级正断层,将裂谷内部结构复杂化,形成一系列断陷;③裂谷内断层在平面上呈平行/斜列式、相向/相背平行式及同向平行式组合,对应在剖面上呈阶梯式、垒堑式、地堑式及铲式半地堑式等组合特征;④盆地东北部盆缘露头揭示南华系—陡山沱组在裂谷内发育冰期—间冰期交互沉积,主要为三角洲、陆棚与斜坡盆地相碎屑岩和冰碛岩。结论认为,应用重磁联合解译+井震资料修订+露头剖面验证的新方法,证实四川盆地前震旦系裂谷的存在,且南华纪裂谷边界(主干)断裂控制了上覆地层沉积古地理格局和坡折带的发育,部分裂谷控制了寒武系或早古生界沉积中心的分布,并对后期沉降中心、构造圈闭的形成以及含油气系统有着极为重要的影响。

塔里木盆地塔河油田塔深5井震旦系原油地球化学特征及地质意义

塔深5(TS5)井于2021年完钻,井深9 017 m,是目前亚洲第一深井,同时也是塔里木盆地台盆区第一口在8 780~8 840 m的上震旦统白云岩段获得油气突破的钻井,也是继轮探1井寒武系盐下突破后,超深层白云岩领域的又一重大发现。为了探究其油气成因,分别对TS5井震旦系凝析油和上部奥陶系重质油,及其邻区寒武系挥发油和奥陶系凝析油进行了有机地球化学特征对比。结果表明,TS5井震旦系凝析油和白云岩储层氯仿抽提物的正构烷烃系列均分布完整,指示了其生烃母质形成于强还原环境;其与奥陶系正常油-超重质油和雅克拉地区凝析油总体具有相似的生物标志化合物和碳同位素分布特征,反映均具有相似的油源;其等效镜质体反射率(Rc)值为1.7%,成熟度高于奥陶系重质油、寒武系挥发油,与邻区凝析油相当,处于高成熟阶段。综合生物标志化合物和碳同位素证据,推测TS5井震旦系油气源来自下寒武统玉尔吐斯组,其与上覆玉尔吐斯组泥页岩构成良好的储盖组合,喜马拉雅晚期来自周边较低部位玉尔吐斯组生成的高成熟凝析油气,沿斜坡运移至震旦系白云岩构造圈闭内形成了一定规模的凝析气藏。TS5井震旦系油气突破,发现了新的含油气层系,丰富了超深层油气成藏过程,为塔里木盆地超深层勘探指明了新的探索方向。

四川盆地及周缘地区震旦系灯影组白云岩岩石类型及沉积相划分方案

四川盆地震旦系灯影组有巨大的天然气勘探潜力,但其储层白云岩岩石类型划分和沉积环境解析方面尚存较大争议,不利于沉积相及有利储集相带展布的精确刻画,制约了下一步油气勘探开发进程。为此,针对四川盆地及周缘地区大量的露头和钻井开展了系统的岩相和沉积环境分析,在明确白云岩类型的基础上,结合岩性组合方式进一步识别了沉积相,并与前人提出的岩性和沉积相划分方案进行了对比与总结,建立了一套既适用于油气勘探又满足沉积学研究的白云岩岩石类型和沉积相划分方案。研究结果表明:①按结构成因可将灯影组白云岩划分为2大类6种类型16种亚类,即保留原始沉积结构的白云岩大类,包括颗粒白云岩、泥晶白云岩、微生物(藻)黏结白云岩,并进一步细分了9种亚类;原岩经过成岩改造形成的白云岩大类包括葡萄状白云岩、角砾白云岩、晶粒白云岩,并可进一步细分7种亚类。②研究区白云岩可识别出台地边缘和局限台地2个相带,共包含8种亚相和17种微相,其中台地边缘相可以划分为微生物(藻)丘、丘滩间洼地、浅滩3个亚相8种微相;局限台地相可划分为微生物(藻)丘、丘滩间海、浅滩、台内洼地、潟湖5种亚相9种微相。③台地边缘相比局限台地相具有丘滩占比大,单层厚度大和叠覆式产出的特征。④丘基—丘核—丘坪—丘盖生长序列反映了微生物丘完整生长—淹没过程,丘基—丘核—丘坪序列可以与潮下—潮间—潮上米级向上变浅旋回相匹配。结论认为,研究提出的丘滩微相划分方案丰富和完善了该区沉积环境解释的理论基础,并具有较强的油气勘探适用性。

四川盆地德阳-安岳凹槽形成机理及灯影组沉积新格局

四川盆地德阳—安岳凹槽两侧陡坎带震旦系灯影组天然气勘探不断取得新突破,是盆地内天然气增储上产的重要领域。为了明确该凹槽的形成机理、形成期次及沉积新格局,进一步指导灯影组气藏的深化勘探,采用最新大连片三维地震成果、结合钻井等资料,分析了各期陡坎之间、陡坎与台缘带之间的空间展布关系,探索了陡坎的演化规律,进一步明确了天然气的勘探方向。研究结果表明:①德阳—安岳凹槽陡坎总体表现为侵蚀谷特征,同沉积小断层的作用不明显;②灯影组二段(以下简称灯二段)发育Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个陡坎,灯影组四段(以下简称灯四段)发育一个陡坎,分别在桐湾Ⅰ和Ⅱ、Ⅲ幕侵蚀作用形成,这些陡坎与灯二段、灯四段台缘带无关;③灯二段沉积时期,受控于基底垒堑格局,发育由南向北进积的4~5排台缘带,呈北东向展布,其中蓬莱地区发育两个大型台缘带,台缘带丘滩体被陡坎Ⅱ截断,叠加岩溶作用形成优质储层。结论认为:①高石梯—磨溪地区灯四段与灯二段的陡坎叠合区发育灯四段陡坎型台缘带,而在灯四段槽上带,丘滩体仍呈北东向发育,表明该地区受陡坎Ⅱ与北东向古地貌双重因素控制;②蓬莱地区陡坎Ⅱ坡度变小,对灯四段台缘带控制作用减弱直至消失,主要发育2排北东向展布的缓坡型台缘带,即蓬莱①、②台缘带,蓬莱地区可作为今后天然气勘探重点关注目标区。

原油裂解气资源评价的理论技术创新与评价应用——以四川盆地震旦系—寒武系为例

四川盆地震旦系—寒武系天然气资源丰富。近年来,在四川盆地川中古隆起和北部斜坡区先后获得了两个万亿级大气区的重大发现。为了明确该领域天然气的资源规模以及未来的勘探方向和创建一套切实可行的原油裂解气资源量的评估方法,本次研究基于该区天然气为古油藏原油裂解的基本认识,按照干酪根生油,再到古油藏裂解生气的技术路线对原油裂解气的资源量进行计算。应用成因法,采用PetroMod 3D盆地模拟软件,输入地层等厚图、岩相古地理图、烃源岩综合评价图、剥蚀量展布图以及生油动力学参数图版,建立整个盆地的三维地质模型,并切分为5个区块分别计算生油量,然后探讨了石油运聚系数、石油裂解率、天然气散失率以及寒武系石油运移的分配系数,并创建了天然气散失系数计算公式。在以上基础上,恢复了盆地及5个构造单元的生油史,并明确了古油藏形成的关键时刻,最终得到全盆地震旦系—寒武系常规天然气资源量为13.43×10^(12)m^(3),其中寒武系为5.43×10^(12)m^(3),震旦系为8.0×10^(12)m^(3)。并指出除了川中地区以外,川南和川东具有巨大的勘探潜力,尤其是位于川南地区德阳—安岳裂陷槽两侧的台缘带和台内颗粒滩是下一步勘探的现实领域。本次研究在理论创新和勘探实践中都具有重要意义。

四川盆地中部地区震旦系大型碳酸盐岩气藏开发技术新进展

四川盆地中部地区(以下简称川中地区)震旦系灯影组气藏为大型古老深层岩溶风化壳型碳酸盐岩气藏,气藏整体表现为低孔隙度低渗透率,储集空间小尺度缝洞发育,储层非均质性强特征,气藏开发面临储层表征难、井位部署和效益开发难度大等系列挑战。为此,以川中地区安岳气田灯影组气藏为对象,通过地质工程一体技术化攻关,深化了对储层发育特征和成因机理的认识,提出了气藏开发新模式,创建形成了气藏高效开发的关键技术。研究结果表明:①灯影组储层主要为岩溶成因储层,具有“叠合岩溶差异控储”的发育特征;②岩溶储层非均质性强,“溶蚀相成因控储”可精细刻画储层的非均质性;③灯影组气藏宜采用“单井指标叠加论证气藏规模”的开发新模式;④创新形成了“双界面”岩溶古地貌恢复及定量刻画方法,并指导平面选区,其中Ⅰ+Ⅱ类井比例由评价期的40%提高到方案建设期的100%;⑤创建了小尺度缝洞识别、刻画及表征技术,并指导钻井轨迹设计,测试百万立方米气井比例由开发评价期的41.6%提高到建产期的60%;⑥配套完善了分段酸压工艺技术,高效动用了优质储层,并解放了低品位储层,储层渗透率由改造前的0.62 mD提高到酸压改造后的6.77 mD。结论认为,“十四五”期间,在上述开发技术的支持下,安岳气田由台缘带灯四段高效开发转向长期稳产和台内地区多层系效益开发,蓬莱含气区由单井高产转向区块高产和气藏规模建产,将强力支撑中国石油西南油气田公司“十四五”末天然气上产500×10^(8)m^(3)。

类型学视域下滇中彝语倮倮话连动结构研究

连动结构是现代汉语中一种特殊构词方式,在汉藏语系的语法研究中具有重要意义。其主要由两个或两个以上的动词要素构成,与其他构词法有较明显的区别,连动结构可采用“V1+之后再V2”格式进行辨别。从滇中南华彝语倮倮话连动结构的形式类型、语义结构类型以及论元特点三个角度进行分析,发现其具有三个主要特点:一是滇中彝语倮倮话的连动结构具有动词间有成分插入时具有多元性,二是其语义类型可分为时序关系和事理逻辑关系两大类,三是多个动词可分主宾语论元共享和不共享的特点。

滇中南华彝语卢辘话存在动词语义指向研究

“存在”是一切事物的运动方式和表现形式,任何事物都存在于某一个时空中,存在句作为表现事物存在的语言形式,在不同的民族语中用法各异。滇中南华五街镇华双村彝语卢辘话存在动词可分为肯定存在动词和否定存在动词两种,其中肯定存在动词可分典型存在动词“有”(dʐa33)“在”(dʐa33 la55)和非典型存在动词“处置类”“运动类”“生产类”等六类;否定存在动词则用“ŋ21”来构成。在对存在动词分类的基础上,进一步分析存在动词的用法和所构成的存在句。

塔里木盆地西北部震旦系—寒武系不整合面成因——来自沉积学的证据

【目的】塔里木盆地西北部阿克苏地区广泛发育震旦系—寒武系平行不整合面,目前对其形成机制还存在争议。【方法】以沉积学方法为手段,基于上震旦统奇格布拉克组顶部的沉积相及其岩溶现象,通过详细的野外观察和镜下鉴定,对上述不整合面的成因开展研究。【结果】阿克苏地区奇格布拉克组顶部主要发育于台地边缘和斜坡环境。台地边缘包括颗粒滩和台缘礁,岩相为厚层—块状鲕粒白云岩、中—厚层状砂屑白云岩以及块状叠层石礁白云岩。斜坡环境包括的岩相有滑塌角砾白云岩、浊积岩以及薄层状粒泥白云岩。震旦纪晚期,阿克苏地区东部的沉积水体更深,岩溶发育程度也明显强于西部,垂向上以潜流带为主。此外,寒武纪早期沉积的玉尔吐斯组保持了与奇格布拉克组顶部相一致的沉积趋势,两者自西向东均表现为水体加深的地层序列。【结论】该不整合面由震旦纪末期台缘构造活动诱导的掀斜运动形成,导致阿克苏西部发生抬升,并形成了向东流动的大气淡水水文系统,使得东部台缘带岩溶作用强烈。该研究可为该区域震旦系白云岩储层的油气勘探提供参考。

四川盆地蓬莱气区震旦系灯影组二段岩溶古地貌与控储模式

基于钻井岩心描述、薄片鉴定、测井资料以及三维地震资料,对四川盆地蓬莱气区震旦系灯影组二段(灯二段)表生岩溶古地貌与储层发育规律进行系统研究。结果表明:(1)蓬莱气区灯二段垂向上可划分为地表岩溶带、垂直渗流带、叠合带、水平潜流带和深部缓流带,其中水平潜流带发育储层厚度最大。(2)采用双界面法恢复了蓬莱气区灯二段岩溶古地貌,划分为4个一级古地貌单元:岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡、岩溶洼地和岩溶盆地,整体表现为“一高、一斜、两洼”的古地貌特征。(3)东部高石梯—磨溪地区为岩溶高地,中部发育岩溶斜坡,西北侧及西南侧为岩溶洼地。岩溶高地主要发育垂直渗流带,岩溶斜坡主要发育水平潜流带。蓬莱气区灯二段储层的发育由岩溶古地貌与沉积相联合控制。(4)表生岩溶储层是四川盆地蓬莱气区灯二段的主要储层类型,岩溶斜坡叠合丘滩体微相形成了优质储层。

湖北三峡地区黄陵隆起北缘灯影组微生物碳酸盐岩类型及古环境演化

黄陵隆起北缘震旦系灯影组不仅记录了震旦纪晚期环境与生命的协同演化,而且大量发育微生物碳酸盐岩,成为研究新元古代—古生代转折期古环境的重要对象。文中通过对黄陵隆起北缘震旦系灯影组开展详细的野外勘查及室内岩相分析解释,识别出云质微生物岩、云质微礁岩、云质微屑岩等的9个岩石微类,以云质微生物岩为主。根据微生物碳酸盐岩类型及其组合关系分析,认为发育多种向上变浅的潮下带—潮间带—潮上带沉积序列以及若干颗粒滩、微生物丘构成的米级沉积旋回,并以此为基础详细刻画出4次海侵—海退次级旋回,建立了黄陵隆起北缘震旦纪晚期以潮坪相、丘滩体、颗粒滩为典型沉积特征的浅水碳酸盐岩台地模式。该发育模式与现代微生物碳酸盐岩沉积模式相似,明显特征为凝块石形成于正常浪基面以下的潮下带低能环境,较深于云质层纹石和云质叠层石。综合微生物碳酸盐岩沉积特征、沉积组合特征及沉积相演化规律,认为该地区古环境演化主要受次级海平面波动影响。推测微生物碳酸盐岩的发育程度可能为新元古代氧化事件之后氧含量增高以及微生物大量发育的海洋岩石形成的响应,同时也可能与石板滩生物群的出现和以微生物为食的后生动物演化导致微生物含量减少密切相关。分析黄陵隆起北缘震旦系灯影组微生物碳酸盐岩发育类型,不仅可以约束震旦纪晚期全球海平面变化、古海洋环境演化,而且对于研究早期生命演化具有重要意义,同时可为下一步油气储集层的探索提供有力的依据。

华南埃迪卡拉(震旦)系年代地层划分方案及其层型剖面

依据华南峡东标准剖面的地球化学和多重地层划分对比资料,2014年全国地层委员会发布了埃迪卡拉(震旦)系年代地层划分暂定方案。该方案近年来已经受到来自生物地层学和同位素地质年代学研究所获得的新成果、新认识的挑战,迫切需要推出新的具体划分方案,建立新的阶一级层型剖面,作为华南乃至全国埃迪卡拉系的对比划分标准。为此,本文建议在埃迪卡拉纪以生物地层学为主确立年代地层单元的划分标准,提出在华南分别建立埃迪卡拉系上统和下统的顶阶层型剖面,即江川阶和瓮会阶。本文推荐了这两阶的相关顶、底界线层型剖面及标志化石、推测年龄和内部细分的化石带;其次初步设计了新的埃迪卡拉系、统、阶年代地层格架(地层柱),提议待定的上、下统及其余各阶名称,指明今后重点工作、细致研究的层型剖面和对比区域。

扬子地块北缘镇巴穿心店地区南华系碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其物源示踪

扬子地块北缘镇巴穿心店地区发育有完整的南华系—震旦系沉积地层,记录了研究区及邻区南华纪沉积特征,对于研究扬子地块北缘新元古代晚期构造演化历史和Rodinia超大陆演化过程具有重要的地质意义。研究区南华系由下至上可划分为4套岩石地层单位,分别为长安组、古城组、大塘坡组和南沱组。南华系砂岩地球化学特征表明,研究区南华系化学风化作用较弱,经历了较低程度的沉积物再旋回作用。砂岩的CIA、CIW、PIA、Rb/Sr等古气候指标显示,研究区南华系具有由寒冷干燥—有波动的寒冷干燥—趋于稳定的温暖湿润—寒冷干燥的古气候演化趋势。在Dickinson三角图解中清晰地反映了南华系各组砂岩具有再旋回造山带和切割岩浆弧物源的特征,同时砂岩岩石地球化学特征也指示南华系的物源区主体应由中酸性岩浆岩组成。南华系长安组、古城组和南沱组3件碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄样品的年龄分布特征类似,主要年龄区间为新元古代晚期(约780~约641 Ma),并显示出约750~约740 Ma的显著峰值。结合区域地质资料,研究区南华系沉积时代应为约720~约635 Ma,物源应主要来自位于现今研究区西侧的扬子地块北缘汉南—米仓山微地块的新元古代岩浆岩,其沉积事件对应于新元古代中晚期扬子地块北缘伸展-裂解阶段,为Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的沉积响应。