The optical diffraction effect imposes a radical obstacle preventing conventional optical microscopes from achieving an imaging resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit and thereby restricting their usage in a mul...The optical diffraction effect imposes a radical obstacle preventing conventional optical microscopes from achieving an imaging resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit and thereby restricting their usage in a multitude of nanoscale applications.Over the past decade,the optical microsphere nanoimaging technique has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective solution for overcoming the diffraction limit and has achieved an imaging resolution of up to about k6k8 in a real-time and label-free manner,making it highly competitive among numerous super-resolution imaging technologies.In this review,we summarize the underlying nano-imaging mechanisms of the microsphere nanoscope and key advancements aimed at imaging performance enhancement:first,to change the working environment or modify the peripheral hardware of a single microsphere nanoscope at the system level;second,to compose the microsphere compound lens;and third,to engineer the geometry or ingredients of microspheres.We also analyze challenges yet to be overcome in optical microsphere nano-imaging,followed by an outlook of this technique.展开更多
3D hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route.The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spec...3D hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route.The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman.SEM images of the samples reveal that the hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres with diameters of about 3-5μm are composed of a number of curled nanosheets.Electrochemical tests such as charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry,cycle life and rate performance were carried out on the WS_(2) sample.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries,hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres show excellent electrochemical performance.At a current density of100 mA·g^(-1),a high specific capacity of 647.8 mA·h·g^(-1) was achieved after 120 discharge/charge cycles.The excellent electrochemical performance of WS_(2) as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries can be attributed to its special 3D hierarchical structure.展开更多
Superhydrophobic surface(SHS) has been well developed, as SHS renders the property of minimizing the water/solid contact interface. Water droplets deposited onto SHS with contact angles exceeding 150°, allow them...Superhydrophobic surface(SHS) has been well developed, as SHS renders the property of minimizing the water/solid contact interface. Water droplets deposited onto SHS with contact angles exceeding 150°, allow them to retain spherical shapes, and the low adhesion of SHS facilitates easy droplet collection when tilting the substrate. These characteristics make SHS suitable for a wide range of applications. One particularly promising application is the fabrication of microsphere and supraparticle materials. SHS offers a distinct advantage as a universal platform capable of providing customized services for a variety of microspheres and supraparticles. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating microspheres and supraparticles with the aid of SHS, including cross-linking process, polymer melting,and droplet template evaporation methods, is first presented. Then, the applications of microspheres and supraparticles formed onto SHS are discussed in detail, for example, fabricating photonic devices with controllable structures and tunable structural colors, acting as catalysts with emerging or synergetic properties, being integrated into the biomedical field to construct the devices with different medicinal purposes, being utilized for inducing protein crystallization and detecting trace amounts of analytes. Finally,the perspective on future developments involved with this research field is given, along with some obstacles and opportunities.展开更多
Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficien...Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficiency and reactivity of metal fuels,especially boron(B),severely limit their practical applications.Herein,multi-component 3D microspheres of HMX/B/Al/PTFE(HBA)have been designed and successfully prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation method to achieve superior energy and combustion reactivity.The reactivity and energy output of HBA are systematically measured by ignitionburning test,constant-volume explosion vessel system and bomb calorimetry.Due to the increased interfacial contact and reaction area,HBA shows higher flame propagation rate,faster pressurization rate and larger combustion heat of 29.95 cm/s,1077 kPa/s,and 6164.43 J/g,which is 1.5 times,3.5 times,and 1.03 times of the physical mixed counterpart(HBA-P).Meanwhile,HBA also shows enhanced energy output and reactivity than 3D microspheres of HMX/B/PTFE(HB)resulting from the high reactivity of Al.The reaction mechanism of 3D microspheres is comprehensively investigated through combustion emission spectral and thermal analysis(TG-DSC-MS).The superior reactivity and energy of HBA originate from the surface etching of fluorine to the inert shell(Al_(2)O_(3) and B_(2)O_(3))and the initiation effect of Al to B.This work offers a promising approach to design and prepare high-performance energetic materials for the practical applications.展开更多
A wound care system consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated in a macroporous collagen scaffold was created to effectively control wound infection and regenerate soft tissue at the wound sit...A wound care system consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated in a macroporous collagen scaffold was created to effectively control wound infection and regenerate soft tissue at the wound site.Histological and biochemical alterations were observed in infected wounds treated with these scaffolds in Albino Wistar rats.Furthermore,the study examined the immediate and prolonged release of ciprofloxacin from the scaffolds,as well as their function in eliminating bacterial infections and expediting the process of skin healing and regeneration.The developed technique was followed in the streamlined process of creating these collagen scaffolds.Compared to untreated wounds,the group receiving scaffold treatment experienced a faster rate of wound closure.It was noted that the rate of infections was considerably reduced and that full soft tissue regeneration occurred within 12 days.The development of well-deposited collagen bundles in the treated groups was demonstrated by H&E staining,which verified the flawless regeneration of the dermis and epidermis.The antimicrobial agent-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated into the porous collagen scaffold demonstrated remarkable soft tissue regeneration and efficient infection control at the wound site.展开更多
Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them su...Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them suitable for preparing microspheres.Inorganic materials(mainly inorganic minerals)have excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive and easy to obtain.Through the coupling and hybridization of natural polymers and inorganic materials,they can complement each other's advantages and synergistically enhance efficiency,resulting in many excellent physical and chemical properties.Inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres can be prepared by modifying natural polymers with inorganic materials through various methods such as emulsification crosslinking,solution mixing,in-situ synthesis,extrusion,etc.The application of inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres in drug delivery systems has significant sustained-release effects,is safe and non-toxic,and the cost of carrier materials is relatively low,which has certain significance for the development of new drug carriers.This article reviews the recent research on the preparation,drug loading and release properties of inorganic material/natural polymer composite microspheres,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used preparation methods,and looks forward to the development direction of composite microspheres.展开更多
Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere...Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere femtosecond laser irradi-ation in far field.By varying laser fluence and scanning speed,nano-feature sizes can be flexibly tuned.Such small patterns are attributed to the co-effect of microsphere focusing,two-photons absorption,top threshold effect,and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser-induced incubation effect.The minimum feature size can be reduced down to~30 nm(λ/26)by manipulating film thickness.The fitting analysis between the ablation width and depth predicts that the feature size can be down to~15 nm at the film thickness of~10 nm.A nano-grating is fabricated,which demonstrates desirable beam diffraction performance.This nano-scale resolution would be highly attractive for next-generation laser nano-lithography in far field and in ambient air.展开更多
Multi-layer 2D material assemblies provide a great number of interfaces beneficial for electromagnetic wave absorption.However,avoiding agglomeration and achieving layer-by-layer ordered intercalation remain chal-leng...Multi-layer 2D material assemblies provide a great number of interfaces beneficial for electromagnetic wave absorption.However,avoiding agglomeration and achieving layer-by-layer ordered intercalation remain chal-lenging.Here,3D reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/MXene/TiO_(2)/Fe_(2)C lightweight porous microspheres with periodical intercalated structures and pronounced inter-facial effects were constructed by spray-freeze-drying and microwave irradiation based on the Maxwell–Wagner effect.Such approach reinforced interfacial effects via defects introduction,porous skeleton,multi-layer assembly and multi-compo-nent system,leading to synergistic loss mechanisms.The abundant 2D/2D/0D/0D intercalated heterojunctions in the microspheres provide a high density of polari-zation charges while generating abundant polarization sites,resulting in boosted interfacial polarization,which is verified by CST Microwave Studio simulations.By precisely tuning the 2D nanosheets intercalation in the heterostructures,both the polarization loss and impedance matching improve significantly.At a low filler loading of 5 wt%,the polarization loss rate exceeds 70%,and a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-67.4 dB can be achieved.Moreover,radar cross-section simulations further confirm the attenuation ability of the optimized porous microspheres.These results not only provide novel insights into understanding and enhancing interfacial effects,but also constitute an attractive platform for implementing heterointerface engineering based on customized 2D hierarchical architectures.展开更多
The“battery type”inorganic electrode has been demonstrated the highly efficient sodium ion intercalation capacity for capacitive deionization.In this work,the CoMn_(2)O_(4)(CMO)microspheres with porous core-shell st...The“battery type”inorganic electrode has been demonstrated the highly efficient sodium ion intercalation capacity for capacitive deionization.In this work,the CoMn_(2)O_(4)(CMO)microspheres with porous core-shell structure are prepared via co-precipitation and followed by annealing.The effects of annealing temperatures on the morphology,pore structure,valence state,and electrochemical behavior of CMO are explored.As electrode for capacitive deionization,the salt removal capacity and current efficiency of optimized AC||CMO device reaches up to 60.7 mg g^(−1) and 97.6%,respectively,and the capacity retention rate is 74.1%after 50 cycles.Remarkably,both the in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray diffraction analysis features that the intercalation/de-intercalation of sodium ions are governed by(103)and(221)crystal planes of CMO.Accordingly,the density functional theory calculations realize that the adsorption energies of Na+onto(103)and(221)crystal planes are higher than that of any other crystal planes,manifesting the priorities in adsorption of sodium atoms.Furthermore,the X-ray photoelectron spectra of pristine and post-CMO electrode highlights that the reversible conversion of Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)couple is resulted from the intercalation/de-intercalation of Na^(+),while this is irreversible for Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)couple.Beyond that,the CMO electrode has been proven the selectivity removal of Na^(+) over K^(+)and Mg^(2+)in a multi-cation stream.展开更多
Carbon materials are effective substitutes for Pt counter electrodes(CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). However, many of these materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are expensive and require comple...Carbon materials are effective substitutes for Pt counter electrodes(CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). However, many of these materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are expensive and require complex preparation process. Herein, waste lignin, recycled from hazardous black liquors,is used to create oxygen-nitrogen-sulfur codoped carbon microspheres for use in DSSC CEs through the facile process of low-temperature preoxidation and high-temperature self-activation. The large number of ester bonds formed by preoxidation increase the degree of cross-linking of the lignin chains, leading to the formation of highly disordered carbon with ample defect sites during pyrolysis. The presence of organic O/N/S components in the waste lignin results in high O/N/S doping of the pyrolysed carbon,which increases the electrolyte ion adsorption and accelerates the electron transfer at the CE/electrolyte interface, as confirmed by density functional theory(DFT) calculations. The presence of inorganic impurities enables the construction of a hierarchical micropore-rich carbon structure through the etching effect during self-activation, which can provide abundant catalytically active sites for the reversible adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions. Under these synergistic effects, the DSSCs that use this novel carbon CE achieve a quite high power-conversion efficiency of 9.22%. To the best of our knowledge, the value is a new record reported so far for biomass-carbon-based DSSCs.展开更多
Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, th...Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, therefore a controllable delivery of aspirin is of importance to lighten those side effects. In this work, poly(lactic acid)(PLA) was chosen as the carrier to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres by using the traditional and the improved solvent evaporation methods. It was found that no matter which experimental condition was, the encapsulation efficiency of aspirin was higher by using the improved method than that of the traditional method. Specifically, when the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol = 1%(mass),the polymer concentration = 1:20, the oil/water rate = 1:2.5, PLA-aspirin microspheres were obtained via the improved method with a high yield of 82.83%(mass) and an encapsulation efficiency of 44.09%. PLAaspirin microspheres were then prepared continuously using the improved method, which further enhanced the encapsulation efficiency to 54.56%. Approximate 85% aspirin released from microspheres within 7 days. Obvious degradation which was represented by reduction on hardness was observed by soaking microspheres in PBS for 60 days. This work is of interest because it provides a continuous route to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres continuously with a high drug encapsulation efficiency.展开更多
HNS-IV(Hexanitrostilbene-IV) is the main charge of the exploding foil initiators(EFI), and the microstructure of the HNS will directly affect its density, flowability, sensitivity, and stability. HNS microspheres were...HNS-IV(Hexanitrostilbene-IV) is the main charge of the exploding foil initiators(EFI), and the microstructure of the HNS will directly affect its density, flowability, sensitivity, and stability. HNS microspheres were prepared using droplet microfluidics, and the particle size, morphology, specific surface area, thermal performance, and ignition threshold of the HNS microspheres were characterized and tested. The results shown that the prepared HNS microspheres have high sphericity, with an average particle size of 20.52 μm(coefficient of variation less than 0.2), and a specific surface area of 21.62 m^(2)/g(6.87 m^(2)/g higher than the raw material). Without changing the crystal structure and thermal stability of HNS-IV, this method significantly enhances the sensitivity of HNS-IV to short pulses and reduces the ignition threshold of the slapper detonator to below 1000 V. This will contribute to the miniaturization and low cost of EFI.展开更多
We previously prepared nerve growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres to treat rat sciatic nerve injury using the small gap sleeve technique.Multiple growth factors play a synergistic role...We previously prepared nerve growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres to treat rat sciatic nerve injury using the small gap sleeve technique.Multiple growth factors play a synergistic role in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury;as a result,in this study,we added basic fibroblast growth factors to the microspheres to further promote nerve regeneration.First,in an in vitro biomimetic microenvironment,we developed and used a drug screening biomimetic microfluidic chip to screen the optimal combination of nerve growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor to promote the regeneration of Schwann cells.We found that 22.56 ng/mL nerve growth factor combined with 4.29 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor exhibited optimal effects on the proliferation of primary rat Schwann cells.The successfully prepared nerve growth factor-basic fibroblast growth factor-poly-lactide-co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres were used to treat rat sciatic nerve transection injury using the small gap sleeve bridge technique.Compared with epithelium sutures and small gap sleeve bridging alone,the small gap sleeve bridging technique combined with drug-free sustained-release microspheres has a stronger effect on rat sciatic nerve transfection injury repair at the structural and functional level.展开更多
With the advantages of high energy/power density,long cycling life and low cost,dual-carbon potassium ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)have great potential in the field of energy storage.Here,a novel bilayer-shelled N,O-do...With the advantages of high energy/power density,long cycling life and low cost,dual-carbon potassium ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)have great potential in the field of energy storage.Here,a novel bilayer-shelled N,O-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres(NOHPC)anode has been prepared by a self-template method,which is consisted of a dense thin shell and a hollow porous spherical core.Excitingly,the NOHPC anode possesses a high K-storage capacity of 325.9 mA h g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1)and a capacity of 201.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 A g^(−1)after 6000 cycles.In combination with ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations,the high reversible capacity has been demonstrated to be attributed to the co-doping of N/O heteroatoms and porous structure improved K+adsorption and intercalation capabilities,and the stable long-cycling performance originating from the bilayer-shelled hollow porous carbon sphere structure.Meanwhile,the hollow porous activated carbon microspheres(HPAC)cathode with a high specific surface area(1472.65 m^(2)g^(−1))deriving from etching NOHPC with KOH,contributing to a high electrochemical adsorption capacity of 71.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 A g^(−1).Notably,the NOHPC//HPAC PIHC delivers a high energy density of 90.1 Wh kg^(−1)at a power density of 939.6 W kg^(−1)after 6000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles.展开更多
To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-typ...To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.展开更多
Recently,an emerging category green of energetic material ammonium dinitramide(ADN)has exhibited promising application in propellants due to its outstanding merits in energy release and environmental friendliness.It c...Recently,an emerging category green of energetic material ammonium dinitramide(ADN)has exhibited promising application in propellants due to its outstanding merits in energy release and environmental friendliness.It can be considered to substitute traditional oxidizer of ammonium perchlorate(AP)in military systems and aerospace.In this paper,a novel spherical energetic composite ADN/copper alginate(CA)with a microporous structure was designed and prepared by the W/O gel emulsion method,and a desirable porous microsphere structure was obtained.Multiple characterization techniques were used to investigate the structure and properties of ADN/CA composites.The results showed that ADN crystals were homogeneously encapsulated in an alginate-gel matrix.Thermal decomposition temperature was reduced to 151.7℃compared to ADN,while the activation energy of them was reduced from 129.73 k J/mol(ADN)to 107.50 k J/mol(ADN/CA-4).In addition,as-prepared samples had lower impact and frictional sensitivity than ADN.The mechanism of sensitivity reduction and decomposition are also discussed.Constant-volume combustion tests show that peak pressure of the ADN/CA-4 achieves 253.4 k Pa and pressurization rate of 2750.4 k Pa/s.Hence,this has a promising application in improving the combustion performance and safety performance of solid propellants.展开更多
Drug delivery via intra-articular(IA)injection has proved to be effective in osteoarthritis(OA)therapy,limited by the drug efficiency and short retention time of the drug delivery systems(DDSs).Herein,a series of modi...Drug delivery via intra-articular(IA)injection has proved to be effective in osteoarthritis(OA)therapy,limited by the drug efficiency and short retention time of the drug delivery systems(DDSs).Herein,a series of modified cross-linked dextran(Sephadex,S0)was fabricated by respectively grafting with linear alkyl chains,branched alkyl chains or aromatic chain,and acted as DDSs after ibuprofen(Ibu)loading for OA therapy.This DDSs expressed sustained drug release,excellent anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects both in IL-1βinduced chondrocytes and OA joints.Specifically,the introduction of a longer hydrophobic chain,particularly an aromatic chain,distinctly improved the hydrophobicity of S0,increased Ibu loading efficiency,and further led to significantly improving OA therapeutic effects.Therefore,hydrophobic microspheres with greatly improved drug loading ratio and prolonged degradation rates show great potential to act as DDSs for OA therapy.展开更多
Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(APFs)are common in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Moreover,correlated with poor prognosis,APFs often complicate antitumor treatments,including transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).AIM To...Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(APFs)are common in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Moreover,correlated with poor prognosis,APFs often complicate antitumor treatments,including transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).AIM To compare the efficacy of ethanol-soaked gelatin sponges(ESG)and microspheres in the management of APFs and their impact on the prognosis of HCC.METHODS Data from patients diagnosed with HCC or hepatic APFs between June 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Furthermore,APFs were embolized with ESG(group E)or microspheres(group M)during TACE.The primary outcomes were disease control rate(DCR)and objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included immediate and first follow-up APF improvement,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS).RESULTS Altogether,91 participants were enrolled in the study,comprising 46 in group E and 45 in group M.The DCR was 93.5%and 91.1%in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.714).The ORRs were 91.3%and 66.7%in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.004).The APFs improved immediately after the procedure in 43(93.5%)patients in group E and 40(88.9%)patients in group M(P=0.485).After 2 mo,APF improvement was achieved in 37(80.4%)and 33(73.3%)participants in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.421).The OS was 26.2±1.4 and 20.6±1.1 mo in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.004),whereas the PFS was 16.6±1.0 and 13.8±0.7 mo in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.012).CONCLUSION Compared with microspheres,ESG embolization demonstrated a higher ORR and longer OS and PFS in patients of HCC with hepatic APFs.展开更多
The incorporation of the quasicrystalline phase into the metal matrix offers a wide range of potential applications in particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites.The analytic solution of the piezoelectric quasicrysta...The incorporation of the quasicrystalline phase into the metal matrix offers a wide range of potential applications in particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites.The analytic solution of the piezoelectric quasicrystal(QC)microsphere considering the thermoelectric effect and surface effect contained in the elastic matrix is presented in this study.The governing equations for the QC microsphere in the matrix subject to the external electric loading are derived based on the nonlocal elastic theory,electro-elastic interface theory,and eigenvalue method.A comparison between the existing results and the finite-element simulation validates the present approach.Numerical examples reveal the effects of temperature variation,nonlocal parameters,surface properties,elastic coefficients,and phason coefficients on the phonon,phason,and electric fields.The results indicate that the QC microsphere enhances the mechanical properties of the matrix.The results are useful for the design and understanding of the characterization of QCs in micro-structures.展开更多
The discharge of the antibiotic wastewater has increased dramatically in our country with the development of medical science and wide application of antibiotic,resulting in serious harm to human body and ecological en...The discharge of the antibiotic wastewater has increased dramatically in our country with the development of medical science and wide application of antibiotic,resulting in serious harm to human body and ecological environment.In this work,ciprofloxacin(CIP)was selected as one of typical antibiotics and heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts were prepared for the treatment of ciprofloxacin wastewater.The sodium alginate(SA)gel microspheres catalysts were prepared by polymerization method using double metal ions of Fe^(3+)and Mn^(2+)as cross-linking agents.Preparation conditions such as metal ions concentration,mass fraction of SA,polymerization temperature and dual-metal ions as crosslinking agent were optimized.Moreover,the effects of operating conditions such as initial concentration of CIP,pH value and catalyst dosage on CIP removal were studied.The kinetic equation showed that the effect of the initial concentration of CIP on the degradation rate was in line with second-order kinetics,and the effects of catalyst dosage and pH value on the degradation rate of CIP were in line with first-order kinetics.The SA gel microspheres catalysts prepared by dual-metal ions exhibited a high CIP removal and showed a good reusability after six recycles.The SA gel microspheres catalysts with an easy recovery performance provided an economical and efficient method for the removal of antibiotics in the future.展开更多
基金supported by Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province Human Resource Training Project(HRTP-[2022]-53).
文摘The optical diffraction effect imposes a radical obstacle preventing conventional optical microscopes from achieving an imaging resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit and thereby restricting their usage in a multitude of nanoscale applications.Over the past decade,the optical microsphere nanoimaging technique has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective solution for overcoming the diffraction limit and has achieved an imaging resolution of up to about k6k8 in a real-time and label-free manner,making it highly competitive among numerous super-resolution imaging technologies.In this review,we summarize the underlying nano-imaging mechanisms of the microsphere nanoscope and key advancements aimed at imaging performance enhancement:first,to change the working environment or modify the peripheral hardware of a single microsphere nanoscope at the system level;second,to compose the microsphere compound lens;and third,to engineer the geometry or ingredients of microspheres.We also analyze challenges yet to be overcome in optical microsphere nano-imaging,followed by an outlook of this technique.
基金Funded by the Jiangsu Province Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project (No.BY2018314)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu University of Technology (No.KYY18030)Jiangsu Overseas Visiting Scholar Program for University Prominent Young&Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents。
文摘3D hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route.The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman.SEM images of the samples reveal that the hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres with diameters of about 3-5μm are composed of a number of curled nanosheets.Electrochemical tests such as charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry,cycle life and rate performance were carried out on the WS_(2) sample.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries,hierarchical flowerlike WS_(2) microspheres show excellent electrochemical performance.At a current density of100 mA·g^(-1),a high specific capacity of 647.8 mA·h·g^(-1) was achieved after 120 discharge/charge cycles.The excellent electrochemical performance of WS_(2) as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries can be attributed to its special 3D hierarchical structure.
基金the financial support from Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20210324142210027, X.D.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52103136, 22275028, U22A20153, 22102017, 22302033, and 52106194)+5 种基金the Sichuan Outstanding Young Scholars Foundation (2021JDJQ0013)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC1271)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023JDRC0082)“Oncology Medical Engineering Innovation Foundation” project of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Cancer Hospital (ZYGX2021YGCX009)“Medical and Industrial Cross Foundation” of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (ZYGX2021YGLH207)Shandong Key R&D grant (2022CXGC010509)。
文摘Superhydrophobic surface(SHS) has been well developed, as SHS renders the property of minimizing the water/solid contact interface. Water droplets deposited onto SHS with contact angles exceeding 150°, allow them to retain spherical shapes, and the low adhesion of SHS facilitates easy droplet collection when tilting the substrate. These characteristics make SHS suitable for a wide range of applications. One particularly promising application is the fabrication of microsphere and supraparticle materials. SHS offers a distinct advantage as a universal platform capable of providing customized services for a variety of microspheres and supraparticles. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating microspheres and supraparticles with the aid of SHS, including cross-linking process, polymer melting,and droplet template evaporation methods, is first presented. Then, the applications of microspheres and supraparticles formed onto SHS are discussed in detail, for example, fabricating photonic devices with controllable structures and tunable structural colors, acting as catalysts with emerging or synergetic properties, being integrated into the biomedical field to construct the devices with different medicinal purposes, being utilized for inducing protein crystallization and detecting trace amounts of analytes. Finally,the perspective on future developments involved with this research field is given, along with some obstacles and opportunities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2222027,12202416 and 12272359).
文摘Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficiency and reactivity of metal fuels,especially boron(B),severely limit their practical applications.Herein,multi-component 3D microspheres of HMX/B/Al/PTFE(HBA)have been designed and successfully prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation method to achieve superior energy and combustion reactivity.The reactivity and energy output of HBA are systematically measured by ignitionburning test,constant-volume explosion vessel system and bomb calorimetry.Due to the increased interfacial contact and reaction area,HBA shows higher flame propagation rate,faster pressurization rate and larger combustion heat of 29.95 cm/s,1077 kPa/s,and 6164.43 J/g,which is 1.5 times,3.5 times,and 1.03 times of the physical mixed counterpart(HBA-P).Meanwhile,HBA also shows enhanced energy output and reactivity than 3D microspheres of HMX/B/PTFE(HB)resulting from the high reactivity of Al.The reaction mechanism of 3D microspheres is comprehensively investigated through combustion emission spectral and thermal analysis(TG-DSC-MS).The superior reactivity and energy of HBA originate from the surface etching of fluorine to the inert shell(Al_(2)O_(3) and B_(2)O_(3))and the initiation effect of Al to B.This work offers a promising approach to design and prepare high-performance energetic materials for the practical applications.
文摘A wound care system consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated in a macroporous collagen scaffold was created to effectively control wound infection and regenerate soft tissue at the wound site.Histological and biochemical alterations were observed in infected wounds treated with these scaffolds in Albino Wistar rats.Furthermore,the study examined the immediate and prolonged release of ciprofloxacin from the scaffolds,as well as their function in eliminating bacterial infections and expediting the process of skin healing and regeneration.The developed technique was followed in the streamlined process of creating these collagen scaffolds.Compared to untreated wounds,the group receiving scaffold treatment experienced a faster rate of wound closure.It was noted that the rate of infections was considerably reduced and that full soft tissue regeneration occurred within 12 days.The development of well-deposited collagen bundles in the treated groups was demonstrated by H&E staining,which verified the flawless regeneration of the dermis and epidermis.The antimicrobial agent-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated into the porous collagen scaffold demonstrated remarkable soft tissue regeneration and efficient infection control at the wound site.
文摘Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them suitable for preparing microspheres.Inorganic materials(mainly inorganic minerals)have excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive and easy to obtain.Through the coupling and hybridization of natural polymers and inorganic materials,they can complement each other's advantages and synergistically enhance efficiency,resulting in many excellent physical and chemical properties.Inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres can be prepared by modifying natural polymers with inorganic materials through various methods such as emulsification crosslinking,solution mixing,in-situ synthesis,extrusion,etc.The application of inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres in drug delivery systems has significant sustained-release effects,is safe and non-toxic,and the cost of carrier materials is relatively low,which has certain significance for the development of new drug carriers.This article reviews the recent research on the preparation,drug loading and release properties of inorganic material/natural polymer composite microspheres,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used preparation methods,and looks forward to the development direction of composite microspheres.
基金This work is supported by Academic Research Fund Tier 2,Ministry of Education-Singapore(MOE2019-T2-2-147)T.C.acknowledges support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0709100,2020YFA0714504).
文摘Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere femtosecond laser irradi-ation in far field.By varying laser fluence and scanning speed,nano-feature sizes can be flexibly tuned.Such small patterns are attributed to the co-effect of microsphere focusing,two-photons absorption,top threshold effect,and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser-induced incubation effect.The minimum feature size can be reduced down to~30 nm(λ/26)by manipulating film thickness.The fitting analysis between the ablation width and depth predicts that the feature size can be down to~15 nm at the film thickness of~10 nm.A nano-grating is fabricated,which demonstrates desirable beam diffraction performance.This nano-scale resolution would be highly attractive for next-generation laser nano-lithography in far field and in ambient air.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2021C01004)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFE0100500,2021YFB3501504)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LQ22E030003),Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110005).
文摘Multi-layer 2D material assemblies provide a great number of interfaces beneficial for electromagnetic wave absorption.However,avoiding agglomeration and achieving layer-by-layer ordered intercalation remain chal-lenging.Here,3D reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/MXene/TiO_(2)/Fe_(2)C lightweight porous microspheres with periodical intercalated structures and pronounced inter-facial effects were constructed by spray-freeze-drying and microwave irradiation based on the Maxwell–Wagner effect.Such approach reinforced interfacial effects via defects introduction,porous skeleton,multi-layer assembly and multi-compo-nent system,leading to synergistic loss mechanisms.The abundant 2D/2D/0D/0D intercalated heterojunctions in the microspheres provide a high density of polari-zation charges while generating abundant polarization sites,resulting in boosted interfacial polarization,which is verified by CST Microwave Studio simulations.By precisely tuning the 2D nanosheets intercalation in the heterostructures,both the polarization loss and impedance matching improve significantly.At a low filler loading of 5 wt%,the polarization loss rate exceeds 70%,and a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-67.4 dB can be achieved.Moreover,radar cross-section simulations further confirm the attenuation ability of the optimized porous microspheres.These results not only provide novel insights into understanding and enhancing interfacial effects,but also constitute an attractive platform for implementing heterointerface engineering based on customized 2D hierarchical architectures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21862016)Project of Ningxia key R&D plan (No.2017BY064).
文摘The“battery type”inorganic electrode has been demonstrated the highly efficient sodium ion intercalation capacity for capacitive deionization.In this work,the CoMn_(2)O_(4)(CMO)microspheres with porous core-shell structure are prepared via co-precipitation and followed by annealing.The effects of annealing temperatures on the morphology,pore structure,valence state,and electrochemical behavior of CMO are explored.As electrode for capacitive deionization,the salt removal capacity and current efficiency of optimized AC||CMO device reaches up to 60.7 mg g^(−1) and 97.6%,respectively,and the capacity retention rate is 74.1%after 50 cycles.Remarkably,both the in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray diffraction analysis features that the intercalation/de-intercalation of sodium ions are governed by(103)and(221)crystal planes of CMO.Accordingly,the density functional theory calculations realize that the adsorption energies of Na+onto(103)and(221)crystal planes are higher than that of any other crystal planes,manifesting the priorities in adsorption of sodium atoms.Furthermore,the X-ray photoelectron spectra of pristine and post-CMO electrode highlights that the reversible conversion of Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)couple is resulted from the intercalation/de-intercalation of Na^(+),while this is irreversible for Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)couple.Beyond that,the CMO electrode has been proven the selectivity removal of Na^(+) over K^(+)and Mg^(2+)in a multi-cation stream.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31890771 and 31901249)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2019QNRC001)+3 种基金the Hunan Provincial Technical Innovation Platform and Talent Program in Science and Technology (2020RC3041)the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha (kq2106056)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2022JJ30079)the Postgraduate Technology Innovation Project of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (2022CX02017)。
文摘Carbon materials are effective substitutes for Pt counter electrodes(CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). However, many of these materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are expensive and require complex preparation process. Herein, waste lignin, recycled from hazardous black liquors,is used to create oxygen-nitrogen-sulfur codoped carbon microspheres for use in DSSC CEs through the facile process of low-temperature preoxidation and high-temperature self-activation. The large number of ester bonds formed by preoxidation increase the degree of cross-linking of the lignin chains, leading to the formation of highly disordered carbon with ample defect sites during pyrolysis. The presence of organic O/N/S components in the waste lignin results in high O/N/S doping of the pyrolysed carbon,which increases the electrolyte ion adsorption and accelerates the electron transfer at the CE/electrolyte interface, as confirmed by density functional theory(DFT) calculations. The presence of inorganic impurities enables the construction of a hierarchical micropore-rich carbon structure through the etching effect during self-activation, which can provide abundant catalytically active sites for the reversible adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions. Under these synergistic effects, the DSSCs that use this novel carbon CE achieve a quite high power-conversion efficiency of 9.22%. To the best of our knowledge, the value is a new record reported so far for biomass-carbon-based DSSCs.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (22068018)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project。
文摘Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, therefore a controllable delivery of aspirin is of importance to lighten those side effects. In this work, poly(lactic acid)(PLA) was chosen as the carrier to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres by using the traditional and the improved solvent evaporation methods. It was found that no matter which experimental condition was, the encapsulation efficiency of aspirin was higher by using the improved method than that of the traditional method. Specifically, when the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol = 1%(mass),the polymer concentration = 1:20, the oil/water rate = 1:2.5, PLA-aspirin microspheres were obtained via the improved method with a high yield of 82.83%(mass) and an encapsulation efficiency of 44.09%. PLAaspirin microspheres were then prepared continuously using the improved method, which further enhanced the encapsulation efficiency to 54.56%. Approximate 85% aspirin released from microspheres within 7 days. Obvious degradation which was represented by reduction on hardness was observed by soaking microspheres in PBS for 60 days. This work is of interest because it provides a continuous route to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres continuously with a high drug encapsulation efficiency.
基金financially supported by a foundation item from the China People’s Liberation Army General Armaments Department。
文摘HNS-IV(Hexanitrostilbene-IV) is the main charge of the exploding foil initiators(EFI), and the microstructure of the HNS will directly affect its density, flowability, sensitivity, and stability. HNS microspheres were prepared using droplet microfluidics, and the particle size, morphology, specific surface area, thermal performance, and ignition threshold of the HNS microspheres were characterized and tested. The results shown that the prepared HNS microspheres have high sphericity, with an average particle size of 20.52 μm(coefficient of variation less than 0.2), and a specific surface area of 21.62 m^(2)/g(6.87 m^(2)/g higher than the raw material). Without changing the crystal structure and thermal stability of HNS-IV, this method significantly enhances the sensitivity of HNS-IV to short pulses and reduces the ignition threshold of the slapper detonator to below 1000 V. This will contribute to the miniaturization and low cost of EFI.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2016YFC1101603 (to DYZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 31640045 (to YHW), 81901251 (to ML)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China, No. 7204323 (to ML)
文摘We previously prepared nerve growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres to treat rat sciatic nerve injury using the small gap sleeve technique.Multiple growth factors play a synergistic role in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury;as a result,in this study,we added basic fibroblast growth factors to the microspheres to further promote nerve regeneration.First,in an in vitro biomimetic microenvironment,we developed and used a drug screening biomimetic microfluidic chip to screen the optimal combination of nerve growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor to promote the regeneration of Schwann cells.We found that 22.56 ng/mL nerve growth factor combined with 4.29 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor exhibited optimal effects on the proliferation of primary rat Schwann cells.The successfully prepared nerve growth factor-basic fibroblast growth factor-poly-lactide-co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres were used to treat rat sciatic nerve transection injury using the small gap sleeve bridge technique.Compared with epithelium sutures and small gap sleeve bridging alone,the small gap sleeve bridging technique combined with drug-free sustained-release microspheres has a stronger effect on rat sciatic nerve transfection injury repair at the structural and functional level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21701163,21671181,21831006,and 22075268)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK5290000003)Innovation Key Fund Project of University of Science and Technology of China(YD2060002023).
文摘With the advantages of high energy/power density,long cycling life and low cost,dual-carbon potassium ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)have great potential in the field of energy storage.Here,a novel bilayer-shelled N,O-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres(NOHPC)anode has been prepared by a self-template method,which is consisted of a dense thin shell and a hollow porous spherical core.Excitingly,the NOHPC anode possesses a high K-storage capacity of 325.9 mA h g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1)and a capacity of 201.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 A g^(−1)after 6000 cycles.In combination with ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations,the high reversible capacity has been demonstrated to be attributed to the co-doping of N/O heteroatoms and porous structure improved K+adsorption and intercalation capabilities,and the stable long-cycling performance originating from the bilayer-shelled hollow porous carbon sphere structure.Meanwhile,the hollow porous activated carbon microspheres(HPAC)cathode with a high specific surface area(1472.65 m^(2)g^(−1))deriving from etching NOHPC with KOH,contributing to a high electrochemical adsorption capacity of 71.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 A g^(−1).Notably,the NOHPC//HPAC PIHC delivers a high energy density of 90.1 Wh kg^(−1)at a power density of 939.6 W kg^(−1)after 6000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61705025)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant Nos. cstc2019jcyjmsxm X043 and cstc2018jcyj AX0817)+2 种基金the Fund from the Science and Technology Project Affiliated to the Education Department of Chongqing Municipality (Grant Nos. KJQN201801217, KJQN202001214, KJQN201901226, and KJ1710247)the Fund from Chongqing Key Laboratory of Geological Environment Monitoring and Disaster Early-Warning in Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Grant Nos. ZD2020A0103 and ZD2020A0102)the Fundamental Research Funds for Chongqing Three Gorges University of China (Grant No. 19ZDPY08)。
文摘To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005253)。
文摘Recently,an emerging category green of energetic material ammonium dinitramide(ADN)has exhibited promising application in propellants due to its outstanding merits in energy release and environmental friendliness.It can be considered to substitute traditional oxidizer of ammonium perchlorate(AP)in military systems and aerospace.In this paper,a novel spherical energetic composite ADN/copper alginate(CA)with a microporous structure was designed and prepared by the W/O gel emulsion method,and a desirable porous microsphere structure was obtained.Multiple characterization techniques were used to investigate the structure and properties of ADN/CA composites.The results showed that ADN crystals were homogeneously encapsulated in an alginate-gel matrix.Thermal decomposition temperature was reduced to 151.7℃compared to ADN,while the activation energy of them was reduced from 129.73 k J/mol(ADN)to 107.50 k J/mol(ADN/CA-4).In addition,as-prepared samples had lower impact and frictional sensitivity than ADN.The mechanism of sensitivity reduction and decomposition are also discussed.Constant-volume combustion tests show that peak pressure of the ADN/CA-4 achieves 253.4 k Pa and pressurization rate of 2750.4 k Pa/s.Hence,this has a promising application in improving the combustion performance and safety performance of solid propellants.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82160430)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Grant No.2020GXNSFAA159134 and 2019GXNSFAA185060)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(Grant No.GuikeAD19254003 and GuikeAD21075002)Nanning Qingxiu District Science and Technology Major Special Project(Grant No.2020013).
文摘Drug delivery via intra-articular(IA)injection has proved to be effective in osteoarthritis(OA)therapy,limited by the drug efficiency and short retention time of the drug delivery systems(DDSs).Herein,a series of modified cross-linked dextran(Sephadex,S0)was fabricated by respectively grafting with linear alkyl chains,branched alkyl chains or aromatic chain,and acted as DDSs after ibuprofen(Ibu)loading for OA therapy.This DDSs expressed sustained drug release,excellent anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects both in IL-1βinduced chondrocytes and OA joints.Specifically,the introduction of a longer hydrophobic chain,particularly an aromatic chain,distinctly improved the hydrophobicity of S0,increased Ibu loading efficiency,and further led to significantly improving OA therapeutic effects.Therefore,hydrophobic microspheres with greatly improved drug loading ratio and prolonged degradation rates show great potential to act as DDSs for OA therapy.
文摘Hepatic arterioportal fistulas(APFs)are common in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Moreover,correlated with poor prognosis,APFs often complicate antitumor treatments,including transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).AIM To compare the efficacy of ethanol-soaked gelatin sponges(ESG)and microspheres in the management of APFs and their impact on the prognosis of HCC.METHODS Data from patients diagnosed with HCC or hepatic APFs between June 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Furthermore,APFs were embolized with ESG(group E)or microspheres(group M)during TACE.The primary outcomes were disease control rate(DCR)and objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included immediate and first follow-up APF improvement,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS).RESULTS Altogether,91 participants were enrolled in the study,comprising 46 in group E and 45 in group M.The DCR was 93.5%and 91.1%in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.714).The ORRs were 91.3%and 66.7%in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.004).The APFs improved immediately after the procedure in 43(93.5%)patients in group E and 40(88.9%)patients in group M(P=0.485).After 2 mo,APF improvement was achieved in 37(80.4%)and 33(73.3%)participants in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.421).The OS was 26.2±1.4 and 20.6±1.1 mo in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.004),whereas the PFS was 16.6±1.0 and 13.8±0.7 mo in groups E and M,respectively(P=0.012).CONCLUSION Compared with microspheres,ESG embolization demonstrated a higher ORR and longer OS and PFS in patients of HCC with hepatic APFs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2067220 and 82000980)。
文摘The incorporation of the quasicrystalline phase into the metal matrix offers a wide range of potential applications in particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites.The analytic solution of the piezoelectric quasicrystal(QC)microsphere considering the thermoelectric effect and surface effect contained in the elastic matrix is presented in this study.The governing equations for the QC microsphere in the matrix subject to the external electric loading are derived based on the nonlocal elastic theory,electro-elastic interface theory,and eigenvalue method.A comparison between the existing results and the finite-element simulation validates the present approach.Numerical examples reveal the effects of temperature variation,nonlocal parameters,surface properties,elastic coefficients,and phason coefficients on the phonon,phason,and electric fields.The results indicate that the QC microsphere enhances the mechanical properties of the matrix.The results are useful for the design and understanding of the characterization of QCs in micro-structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22125802 and 22108012)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(2222017)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BUCTRC-202109)。
文摘The discharge of the antibiotic wastewater has increased dramatically in our country with the development of medical science and wide application of antibiotic,resulting in serious harm to human body and ecological environment.In this work,ciprofloxacin(CIP)was selected as one of typical antibiotics and heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts were prepared for the treatment of ciprofloxacin wastewater.The sodium alginate(SA)gel microspheres catalysts were prepared by polymerization method using double metal ions of Fe^(3+)and Mn^(2+)as cross-linking agents.Preparation conditions such as metal ions concentration,mass fraction of SA,polymerization temperature and dual-metal ions as crosslinking agent were optimized.Moreover,the effects of operating conditions such as initial concentration of CIP,pH value and catalyst dosage on CIP removal were studied.The kinetic equation showed that the effect of the initial concentration of CIP on the degradation rate was in line with second-order kinetics,and the effects of catalyst dosage and pH value on the degradation rate of CIP were in line with first-order kinetics.The SA gel microspheres catalysts prepared by dual-metal ions exhibited a high CIP removal and showed a good reusability after six recycles.The SA gel microspheres catalysts with an easy recovery performance provided an economical and efficient method for the removal of antibiotics in the future.