Construction of MTX-CS-TMP-NPs Nano-drug Delivery System and its Observation on Telomerase Activity of Cervical Cancer Hela Cells

Objective:To construct methotrexate(MTX)-chitosan(CS)-chuanxiongmuizine(TMP)nano-delivery system MTX-CS-TMP-NPs,and to investigate its effect on the telomerase activity of cervical cancer Hela cells.Methods:MTX-CS and MTX-CS-TMP-NPs were prepared by amide reaction and ionic gel method,and the encapsulation rate and drug loading rate were observed.MTT method and TRAP method were used to detect Hela cells and telomerase activity,and to compare the difference of telomerase activity of MTX,MTX-CS,and MTX-CS-TMP-NPs on cervical cancer Hela cells.Results:In this study,the total amount of TMP was 150μg,of which the amount of free TMP was(26.46±1.72)μg,the encapsulation rate of TMP was(82.36±0.01)%,and the drug loading was(17.62±0.23)mg.The activity of Hela cells increased with the extension of time,and the OD value of Hela cell activity(1.24±0.05)was lower than that of the other three groups at 72 h of treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The telomerase activity of He La cells in the MTX-CS-TMP-NPs solution treatment group was(0.23±0.12)%lower than that of the other three groups,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:MTX-CS-TMP-NPs may effectively reduce the activity and telomerase activity of cervical cancer Hela cells,showing its potential anti-cervical cancer effect.

Utilizing engineered extracellular vesicles as delivery vectors in the management of ischemic stroke:a special outlook on mitochondrial delivery

Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.

The role of caveolin-1 in the biofate and efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and their nano-drug delivery systems

As one of the most important components of caveolae,caveolin-1 is involved in caveolaemediated endocytosis and transcytosis pathways,and also plays a role in regulating the cell membrane cholesterol homeostasis and mediating signal transduction.In recent years,the relationship between the expression level of caveolin-1 in the tumor microenvironment and the prognostic effect of tumor treatment and drug treatment resistance has also been widely explored.In addition,the interplay between caveolin-1 and nano-drugs is bidirectional.Caveolin-1 could determine the intracellular biofate of specifc nano-drugs,preventing from lysosomal degradation,and facilitate them penetrate into deeper site of tumors by transcytosis;while some nanocarriers could also affect caveolin-1 levels in tumor cells,thereby changing certain biophysical function of cells.This article reviews the role of caveolin-1 in tumor prognosis,chemotherapeutic drug resistance,antibody drug sensitivity,and nano-drug delivery,providing a reference for the further application of caveolin-1 in nano-drug delivery systems.

Gather wisdom to overcome barriers:Well-designed nano-drug delivery systems for treating gliomas

Due to the special physiological and pathological characteristics of gliomas,most therapeutic drugs are prevented from entering the brain.To improve the poor prognosis of existing therapies,researchers have been continuously developing non-invasive methods to overcome barriers to gliomas therapy.Although these strategies can be used clinically to overcome the blood-brain barrier(BBB),the accurate delivery of drugs to the glioma lesions cannot be ensured.Nano-drug delivery systems(NDDS)have been widely used for precise drug delivery.In recent years,researchers have gathered their wisdom to overcome barriers,so many well-designed NDDS have performed prominently in preclinical studies.These meticulous designs mainly include cascade passing through BBB and targeting to glioma lesions,drug release in response to the glioma microenvironment,biomimetic delivery systems based on endogenous cells/extracellular vesicles/protein,and carriers created according to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines.We reviewed these well-designed NDDS in detail.Furthermore,we discussed the current ongoing and completed clinical trials of NDDS for gliomas therapy,and analyzed the challenges and trends faced by clinical translation of these well-designed NDDS.

Microfluidics for nano-drug delivery systems: From fundamentals to industrialization

In recent years,owing to the miniaturization of the fluidic environment,microfluidic technology offers unique opportunities for the implementation of nano drug delivery systems(NDDSs)production processes.Compared with traditional methods,microfluidics improves the controllability and uniformity of NDDSs.The fast mixing and laminar flow properties achieved in the microchannels can tune the physicochemical properties of NDDSs,including particle size,distribution and morphology,resulting in narrow particle size distribution and high drug-loading capacity.The success of lipid nanoparticles encapsulated mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 by microfluidics also confirmed its feasibility for scaling up the preparation of NDDSs via parallelization or numbering-up.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of microfluidics-based NDDSs,including the fundamentals of microfluidics,microfluidic synthesis of NDDSs,and their industrialization.The challenges of microfluidicsbased NDDSs in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed.We believe that this review will provide good guidance for microfluidics-based NDDSs.

Multiple nano-drug delivery systems for intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status and future perspectives

Low back pain(LBP)is a common disease that imposes a huge social and economic burden on people.Intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD)is often considered to be the leading cause of LBP and further aggravate and cause serious spinal problems.The established treatment strategy for IVDD consists of physiotherapy,pain medication by drug therapy,and,if necessary,surgery,but none of them can be treated from the etiology;that is,it cannot fundamentally reverse IVD and reconstruct the mechanical function of the spine.With the development of nanotechnology and regenerative medicine,nano-drug delivery systems(NDDSs)have improved treatment results because of their good biodegradability,biocompatibility,precise targeted specific drug delivery,prolonged drug release time,and enhanced drug efficacy,and various new NDDSs for drugs,proteins,cells,and genes have brought light and hope for the treatment of IVDD.This review summarizes the research progress of NDDSs in the treatment of IVDD and provides prospects for using NDDSs to address the challenges of IVDD.We hope that the ideas generated in this review will provide insight into the precise treatment of IVDD.

Calixarene-integrated nano-drug delivery system for tumortargeted delivery and tracking of anti-cancer drugsin vivo

Nano-drug delivery systems(nanoDDS)have been extensively investigated clinically to improve the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs.However,the complicated synthesis during the preparation as well as the potential drug leakage during transportation has greatly limited their general application.In this work,a calixarene-integrated nanoDDS(CanD)that achieves tumor-targeted delivery and tracking of anti-cancer drugs in vivo is presented.The hypoxia-responsive calixarene(SAC4A)exhibits high binding affinity to a series of anti-cancer drugs and rhodamine B(RhB)under normoxic condition while decreasing the binding affinity under hypoxic condition,which leads to the drug release and fluorescence recovery simultaneously.Furthermore,the hypoxia-responsiveness of SAC4A conveys CanD with tumor-targeting ability,resulting in the enrichment of the drug in tumors and enhancement in tumor suppression in mice.Moreover,CanD could become a general platform allowing the delivery of a wide scope of anti-cancer drugs that have strong host-guest interaction with SAC4A.

Carvacrol combined with NIR light-responsive nano-drug delivery system with specific anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation,and immunomodulation for periodontitis

Bacterial infection,biofilm formation,immune dysfunction are common triggers and aggravators in periodontitis,which render periodontal restoration challenging.Thus,a strategy with antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,immunoregulatory capacities has great promise in the clinical practice of periodontitis.Herein,carvacrol(CA)-based near-infrared(NIR)lightresponsive nano-drug delivery system is developed for the first time.The system consists of upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs,which upconvert 808 nm NIR to blue light),mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2),the carrier channel),hydrophobic CA(blue light response properties).Under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR,owing to the synergy of CA and upconverted blue light,the UCNPs@mSiO_(2)-CA(UCMCs)exhibit the properties of specific anti-bacteria(including anaerobic bacteria),anti-inflammation,and immunomodulation.Notably,high-throughput sequencing results exhibit that many classic inflammatory immune-related signaling pathways,including the MAPK signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,are enriched to remodel the immune microenvironment.Additionally,UCMCs with NIR irradiation accelerate periodontal restoration and serve as promising non-invasive management of periodontitis.Altogether,this study verifies the feasibility of herbal monomer combined with light-responsive in situ nano-drug delivery system and provides a more effective and reliable strategy for various potential applications of deep tissue diseases.

Uncertainty quantification of mechanism motion based on coupled mechanism—motor dynamic model for ammunition delivery system

In this paper,a dynamic modeling method of motor driven electromechanical system is presented,and the uncertainty quantification of mechanism motion is investigated based on this method.The main contribution is to propose a novel mechanism-motor coupling dynamic modeling method,in which the relationship between mechanism motion and motor rotation is established according to the geometric coordination of the system.The advantages of this include establishing intuitive coupling between the mechanism and motor,facilitating the discussion for the influence of both mechanical and electrical parameters on the mechanism,and enabling dynamic simulation with controller to take the randomness of the electric load into account.Dynamic simulation considering feedback control of ammunition delivery system is carried out,and the feasibility of the model is verified experimentally.Based on probability density evolution theory,we comprehensively discuss the effects of system parameters on mechanism motion from the perspective of uncertainty quantization.Our work can not only provide guidance for engineering design of ammunition delivery mechanism,but also provide theoretical support for modeling and uncertainty quantification research of mechatronics system.

In vivo Toxicity Evaluation of a Nano-drug Delivery System Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Model System

Drug carrier materials need to possess good biological safety.Presently,most biosafety evaluation studies use rodent animal models,including rats and rabbits.However,the cost of raising these animals is relatively high and the experimental period is long.Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)presents an ideal toxicological evaluation model due to its simple structure,easy cultivation,short life cycle,and evolutionary conservation.In this paper,we used C.elegans to test the biological safety of our pH-responsive carrier system(FFPFF self-assembling into a nanosphere structure,FFPFF Nps),which was designed for anti-tumor drug delivery.Our results showed that exposure to high doses of FFPFF Nps did not have a significant impact on the survival rate,growth,development,movement,and reproduction of C.elegans.The preliminary evaluation of the overall biological model of C.elegans shows that FFPFF Nps has good biological safety and warrants further study.

Recent advances in zwitterionic nanoscale drug delivery systems to overcome biological barriers

Nanoscale drug delivery systems(nDDS)have been employed widely in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs against diseases with reduced side effects.Although several nDDS have been successfully approved for clinical use up to now,biological barriers between the administration site and the target site hinder the wider clinical adoption of nDDS in disease treatment.Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-modification(or PEGylation)has been regarded as the gold standard for stabilising nDDS in complex biological environment.However,the accelerated blood clearance(ABC)of PEGylated nDDS after repeated injections becomes great challenges for their clinical applications.Zwitterionic polymer,a novel family of antifouling materials,have evolved as an alternative to PEG due to their super-hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.Zwitterionic nDDS could avoid the generation of ABC phenomenon and exhibit longer blood circulation time than the PEGylated analogues.More impressively,zwitterionic nDDS have recently been shown to overcome multiple biological barriers such as nonspecific organ distribution,pressure gradients,impermeable cell membranes and lysosomal degradation without the need of any complex chemical modifications.The realization of overcoming multiple biological barriers by zwitterionic nDDS may simplify the current overly complex design of nDDS,which could facilitate their better clinical translation.Herein,we summarise the recent progress of zwitterionic nDDS at overcoming various biological barriers and analyse their underlyingmechanisms.Finally,prospects and challenges are introduced to guide the rational design of zwitterionic nDDS for disease treatment.

Development and Evaluation of 3D Delivery Animation Software Designed to Improve the Mother’s and Spouse’s Satisfaction with Delivery

Purpose: To clarify the effectiveness of 3-D delivery animation software for the mother’s and husband’s satisfaction with delivery. Subjects and Method: We independently developed a software application used to display the pelvic region and explain the labor process. The study involved a collaboration with hospital staff who recruited 18 primiparous and 18 multiparous mothers who were hospitalized for delivery at Facility A. The midwife explained the process of delivery using the “Delivery Animation Software”. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed and analyzed separately for primiparous and multiparous mothers and their husbands. Results: 1) For both primiparous and multiparous couples, both mothers and their husbands gained a significantly higher level of understanding after delivery than during pregnancy. 2) The Self-Evaluation Scale for Experience of Delivery results were as follows: “I did my best for the baby even if it was painful” was selected more often for “birth coping skills”;“reliable medical staff” was selected more often for “physiological birth process”;“the birth progressed as I expected” was selected frequently by primiparous mothers;and “the birth progressed smoothly” was selected often by multiparous mothers. 3) In terms of husbands’ satisfaction with the delivery, “I was satisfied with the delivery”, “I was given an easy-to-understand explanation”, and “They explained the process to me” was selected of primiparous and multiparous fathers. 4) All primiparous and multiparous mothers positively evaluated whether the delivery animation was helpful in understanding the process of delivery. Conclusion: The delivery animation was effective in improving the understanding and satisfaction of both the mothers and their husbands.

Determinants of Home Deliveries by Pregnant Mothers in Lumbo Chabbobboma Zone of Gwembe District in Zambia

Background: Home deliveries is still high globally at 42% WHO 2022, due to high home deliveries, maternal death is also high at 43% globally. In sub-Sahara region home deliveries still high. Giving birth at health facilities in most of sub-Saharan African countries Zambia inclusive is still a challenge whereby more than 51% of first-time mothers give birth at home and this gives a risk of high maternal and perinatal deaths. Therefore Reducing number of home deliveries is important to improve maternal and perinatal health issues. In this study, the aim was to investigate the determinants of home deliveries by pregnant mothers in the Luumbo zone of Gwembe district, Zambia. Purpose: Access to skilled care and facilities with capacity to provide emergency and newborn care is critical to reduce maternal death. In Zambia 42% of women still deliveries from home, suggesting a persistent challenge for women to seek, reach, and receive quality maternity care. This study aimed investigate the determinants of home deliveries by pregnant mothers in Luumbo zone of Gwembe district, Zambia. Methods: The study was conducted among postnatal mothers who came for postnatal care at 6 weeks in Luumbo Chabbobboma clinic in Gwembe district southern province of Zambia. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study where a Simple random sampling technique was used to select 105 women of childbearing age who attended postnatal and had a recent delivery. Data were collected using a researcher-administered structured questionnaire to identify determinants of home deliveries in Luumbo Chabbobboma zone. Data analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 27.0. Both descriptive and inferential (chi-square test) analyses were performed and statistical significance was taken at α ≤ 0.05. Results: The results show that 46 (43.8%) respondents were in the age bracket 20 - 29 years. Of the 105 respondents included in the study, 24 (22.9%) of them delivered from home. The results show that high maternal age (p = 0.03), occupation (p = 0.024), distance to the facility (p = 0.014), means of transportation (p = 0.023), multiparity (p = 0.01), timing and number of ANC visits (p Conclusion: From this population. The major reason why women still deliver at home was long distance to the nearest facility. To reduce maternal and perinatal mortality access to health facilities by pregnant women needs to be improved. There should also be active engagement of the traditional and religious institutions in the area.

Prevalence, Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Breech Delivery Compared to That of the Vertex in 242 Cases for 484 Controls at Ségou Hospital in Malti

Introduction: Breech birth has always been a subject of great interest because of its risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim of our study was to compare the maternal and perinatal prognosis of breech delivery with that of vertex delivery. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective case-control analytical study carried out in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Ségou hospital over a 2-year period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, involving 242 breech deliveries compared with 484 top deliveries with a live single foetus without foetal malformation of gestational age ≥ 35 SA. The statistical tests used were: chi² (p Results: The frequency of breech delivery was 3.3%, with a predominance of caesarean section for breech presentation (64.88%) compared with 32.85% for vertex (P: 0.00;CI: (0.191 - 0.367). The perinatal prognosis of fetuses with breech presentations was marked by a higher rate of neonatal asphyxia (Apgar score Conclusion: Breech birth is relatively rare in our department. It carries a higher risk of maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity than breech delivery. However, the vital prognosis for the mother was identical in both groups.

Digital twin driven and intelligence enabled content delivery in end-edge-cloud collaborative 5G networks

The rapid development of 5G/6G and AI enables an environment of Internet of Everything(IoE)which can support millions of connected mobile devices and applications to operate smoothly at high speed and low delay.However,these massive devices will lead to explosive traffic growth,which in turn cause great burden for the data transmission and content delivery.This challenge can be eased by sinking some critical content from cloud to edge.In this case,how to determine the critical content,where to sink and how to access the content correctly and efficiently become new challenges.This work focuses on establishing a highly efficient content delivery framework in the IoE environment.In particular,the IoE environment is re-constructed as an end-edge-cloud collaborative system,in which the concept of digital twin is applied to promote the collaboration.Based on the digital asset obtained by digital twin from end users,a content popularity prediction scheme is firstly proposed to decide the critical content by using the Temporal Pattern Attention(TPA)enabled Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)model.Then,the prediction results are input for the proposed caching scheme to decide where to sink the critical content by using the Reinforce Learning(RL)technology.Finally,a collaborative routing scheme is proposed to determine the way to access the content with the objective of minimizing overhead.The experimental results indicate that the proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art benchmarks in terms of the caching hit rate,the average throughput,the successful content delivery rate and the average routing overhead.

Advancing ophthalmic delivery of flurbiprofen via synergistic chiral resolution and ion-pairing strategies

Flurbiprofen(FB),a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,is widely employed in treating ocular inflammation owing to its remarkable anti-inflammatory effects.However,the racemic nature of its commercially available formulation(Ocufen^(R))limits the full potential of its therapeutic activity,as the(S)-enantiomer is responsible for the desired antiinflammatory effects.Additionally,the limited corneal permeability of FB significantly restricts its bioavailability.In this study,we successfully separated the chiral isomers of FB to obtain the highly active(S)-FB.Subsequently,utilizing ion-pairing technology,we coupled(S)-FB with various counter-ions,such as sodium,diethylamine,trimethamine(TMA),and l-arginine,to enhance its ocular bioavailability.A comprehensive evaluation encompassed balanced solubility,octanol-water partition coefficient,corneal permeability,ocular pharmacokinetics,tissue distribution,and in vivo ocular anti-inflammatory activity of each chiral isomer salt.Among the various formulations,S-FBTMA exhibited superior water solubility(about 1–12 mg/ml),lipid solubility(1<lgP_(ow)<3)and corneal permeability.In comparison to Ocufen^(R),S-FBTMA demonstrated significantly higher in vivo antiinflammatory activity and lower ocular irritability(such as conjunctival congestion and tingling).The findings from this research highlight the potential of chiral separation and ion-pair enhanced permeation techniques in providing pharmaceutical enterprises focused on drug development with a valuable avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes.

Delivering Microrobots in the Musculoskeletal System

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are the major contributors to the global burden of disease and current treatments show limited efficacy.Patients often suffer chronic pain and might eventually have to undergo end-stage surgery.Therefore,future treatments should focus on early detection and intervention of regional lesions.Microrobots have been gradually used in organisms due to their advantages of intelligent,precise and minimally invasive targeted delivery.Through the combination of control and imaging systems,microrobots with good biosafety can be delivered to the desired area for treatment.In the musculoskeletal system,microrobots are mainly utilized to transport stem cells/drugs or to remove hazardous substances from the body.Compared to traditional biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies,active motion improves the efficiency and penetration of local targeting of cells/drugs.This review discusses the frontier applications of microrobotic systems in different tissues of the musculoskeletal system.We summarize the challenges and barriers that hinder clinical translation by evaluating the characteristics of different microrobots and finally point out the future direction of microrobots in the musculoskeletal system.

Enhancing Private Healthcare Effectiveness in Lagos State, Nigeria: An Overview of the Effect of Quality Improvement Initiatives and Implications for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery

Background: Nigeria, a nation grappling with rapid population growth, economic intricacies, and complex healthcare challenges, particularly in Lagos State, the economic hub and most populous state, faces the challenge of ensuring quality healthcare access. The overview of the effect of quality improvement initiatives in this paper focuses on private healthcare providers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study assesses the impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects on these private healthcare facilities. It explores the level of participation, perceived support, and tangible effects of the initiatives on healthcare delivery within private healthcare facilities. It also examines how these initiatives influence patient inflow and facility ratings, and bring about additional benefits and improvements, provides insights into the challenges faced by private healthcare providers in implementing quality improvement projects and elicits recommendations for improving the effectiveness of such initiatives. Methods: Qualitative research design was employed for in-depth exploration, utilizing semi-structured interviews. Private healthcare providers in Lagos involved in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project were purposively sampled for diversity. Face-to-face interviews elicited insights into participation, perceived support, and project effects. Questions covered participation levels, support perception, changes observed, challenges faced, and recommendations. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes from interview transcripts. Adherence to ethical guidelines ensured participant confidentiality and informed consent. Results: Respondents affirmed active involvement in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project, echoing literature emphasizing private-sector collaboration with the public sector. While acknowledging positive influences on facility ratings, respondents highlighted challenges within the broader Nigerian healthcare landscape affecting patient numbers. Respondents cited tangible improvements, particularly in staff management and patient care processes, validating the positive influence of quality improvement projects. Financial constraints emerged as a significant challenge, aligning with existing literature emphasizing the pragmatic difficulties faced by private healthcare providers. Conclusions: This study illuminates the complex landscape of private healthcare provision in Lagos State, emphasizing the positive impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects. The findings provide nuanced insights, guiding policymakers, healthcare managers, and practitioners toward collaborative, sustainable improvements. As Nigeria progresses, these lessons will be crucial in shaping healthcare policies prioritizing population well-being.

A food-grade and senescent cell-targeted fisetin delivery system based on whey protein isolate-galactooligosaccharides Maillard conjugate

Cellular senescence is the results of aging and age-related diseases,and the development of anti-aging methods may improve health and extend longevity.The natural flavonol fisetin has been shown to antagonize senescence in vitro and increases longevity in vivo,but has poor water solubility and limited bioavailability.In this study,a food-grade and senescent cell-targeted delivery system for fisetin was developed based on whey protein isolate-galactooligosaccharides(WPI-GOS)Maillard conjugate,which could recognize senescence associatedβ-galactosidase in senescent cells.The fisetin nanoparticles possessed a high encapsulation efficiency,excellent dispersibility in water,good storage stability and well biocompatibility.Moreover,they could effectively accumulate and retain in senescent cells with excellent senescent cell-targeting efficacy,and inhibit the oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in vitro.Thus,this novel nanoparticle system based on WPI-GOS Maillard conjugate showed promise to deliver hydrophobic bioactive ingredients like fisetin to senescent cells to improve their bioavailability and anti-senescence effect.

A Proposed Approach for Measuring Maturity Level of Software Delivery

Software delivery is vital for modern organizations, driving innovation and competitiveness. Measuring an organization’s maturity in software delivery is crucial for efficiency and quality. The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) framework provides a roadmap for improvement but assessing an organization’s CMM Level is challenging. This paper offers a quantitative approach tailored to the CMM framework, using Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) frame-works for each key process area (KPA). These frameworks include metrics and questions to compute maturity scores effectively. The study also refines practices into questions for a thorough assessment. The result is an Analysis Matrix that calculates weighted scores and an overall maturity score. This approach helps organizations assess and enhance their software delivery processes systematically, aiming for improved practices and growth.