Antibacterial and angiogenic dual-functional fibrous membrane dressing for infected wound healing

Background:Skin,being a vital organ that regulates physiological responses in the human body,is prone to injury from external environmental factors.Healing full-thickness skin defects becomes especially challenging when infections and vascular injuries are involved.Traditional wound dressings with single functions,such as antibacterial or angiogenic properties,fall short in achieving rapid wound healing.To address this,there is a need to develop wound dressing materials that possess both effective antibacterial and angiogenic properties.Methods:In this study,we utilized electrospinning technology to fabricate hyaluronic acid-cellulose acetate fibrous membrane dressings,incorporating poly(ionic liquid)as an antibacterial polymer and deferoxamine as an angiogenic agent.Results:The resulting fibrous membrane dressing contained poly(ionic liquid)and deferoxamin showcased a microporous structure,drug-releasing capabilities,and excellent air permeability.It not only demonstrated highly effective antibacterial properties but also exhibited remarkable angiogenesis,thereby promoting the healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds in both in vitro and in vivo assays.Conclusion:These findings highlight the immense potential of this wound dressing material for future clinical applications.

Antibacterial biomaterials for skin wound dressing

Bacterial infection and the ever-increasing bacterial resistance have imposed severe threat to human health.And bacterial contamination could significantly menace the wound healing process.Considering the sophisticated wound healing process,novel strategies for skin tissue engineering are focused on the integration of bioactive ingredients,antibacterial agents included,into biomaterials with different morphologies to improve cell behaviors and promote wound healing.However,a comprehensive review on antibacterial wound dressing to enhance wound healing has not been reported.In this review,various antibacterial biomaterials as wound dressings will be discussed.Different kinds of antibacterial agents,including antibiotics,nanoparticles(metal and metallic oxides,lightinduced antibacterial agents),cationic organic agents,and others,and their recent advances are summarized.Biomaterial selection and fabrication of biomaterials with different structures and forms,including films,hydrogel,electrospun nanofibers,sponge,foam and three-dimension(3D)printed scaffold for skin regeneration,are elaborated discussed.Current challenges and the future perspectives are presented in thismultidisciplinary field.We envision that this review will provide a general insight to the elegant design and further refinement of wound dressing.

Improving the Antibacterial Property of Chitosan Hydrogel Wound Dressing with Licorice Polysaccharide

A series of hydrogels with different ratios of chitosan and licorice polysaccharide(LP)were prepared by crosslinking to different concentrations of genipin(gp).They were characterized by FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy),SEM(Scanning electron microscope),swelling ratio,rheological measurements,degradation with time,cytotoxicity,and antibacterial efficacy.Results show that the hydrogels have porous structures.With an increase in LP content,the swelling rate grows in the early stage of immersion in buffer and drops later.The swelling ratio ranged from 986%to 1677%,and stiffness varied from 777 Pa to 1792 Pa.The addition of LP reduced the mechanical strength and delayed gelation and degradation of the hydrogels.However,the most important discovery was that gp increases the viability of NIH 3T3 cells from 94%to 137%,and LP raises the bacteriostatic efficacy from 51%to 78%.Hydrogels synthesized from 1%genipin,3%chitosan,and 4%licorice polysaccharide showed the best antibacterial and fibroblast proliferation promoting activities.They exhibited moderate swelling and degradation rates over time,while being more suitable to affect healing of chronic wound infections.These results provide a new strategy to improve the antibacterial effectiveness and cyto-compatibility of chitosan hydrogels with water soluble active LPs from Glycyrrhiza that derive from traditional Chinese medicine.

Development of a poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)antibacterial electrospun film as a skin wound dressing application

Tissue engineering has become a hot issue for skin wound healing because it can be used as an alternative treatment to traditional grafts.Nanofibrous films have been widely used due to their excellent properties.In this work,an organic/inorganic composite poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)/ZnO/graphene oxide(PASS/ZnO/GO)nanofibrous film was fabricated with the ZnO nano-particles blending in an electrospun solution and post-treated with the GO deposition.The optimal PASS/ZnO/GO nanofibrous film was prepared by 2%ZnO nanoparticles,3.0g/mL PASS electrospun solution,and 1%GO dispersion solution.The morphology,hydrophilicity,mechanical property,and cytotoxicity of the PASS/ZnO/GO nanofibrous film were character-ized by using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscope,water contact angle,tensile testing,and a Live/Dead cell staining kit.It is founded that the PASS/ZnO/GO nanofibrous film has outstanding mechanical properties and no cytotoxicity.Furthermore,the PASS/ZnO/GO nanofibrous film exhibits excellent antibacterial activity to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Above all,this high mechanical property in the non-toxic and antibacterial nanofibrous film will have excellent application prospects in skin wound dressing.

Electrospun antibacterial nanofibers for wound dressings and tissue medicinal fields:A Review

Bacterial infections are a major cause of chronic infections.Thus,antibacterial material is an urgent need in clinics.Antibacterial nanofibers,with expansive surface area,enable efficient incorporation of antibacterial agents.Meanwhile,structure similar to the extracellular matrix can accelerate cell growth.Electrospinning,the most widely used technique to fabricate nanofiber,is often used in many biomedical applications including drug delivery,regenerative medicine,wound healing and so on.Thus,this review provides an overview of all recently published studies on the development of electrospun antibacterial nanofibers in wound dressings and tissue me-dicinal fields.This reviewer begins with a brief introduction of electrospinning process and then discusses electrospun fibers by incorporating various types of antimicrobial agents used as in wound dressings and tissue.Finally,we finish with conclusions and further perspectives on electrospun antibacterial nanofibers as 2D biomedicine materials.

Preparation of Antibacterial Electrospun PVA / Regenerated Silk Fibroin Nanofibrous Composite Containing Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride as a Wound Dressing

Electrospinning technique was used for the fabrication of poly( vinyl alcohol)( PVA) / regenerated silk fibroin( SF)composite nanofibers,loaded with ciprofloxacin HCl( CipH Cl) as a wound dressing.Electrospun PVA / SF / CipH Cl composite nanofibers were stabilized against dissolving in water by heating in an oven at155 ℃ for 5 min.Incorporation of CipH Cl into electrospun nanofibers was confirmed by SEM and FT-IR spectra.Further the mechanical properties test illustrated that the addition of CipH Cl enhanced the mechanical properties of PVA and PVA / SF nanofibers.The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli( E.coli)( gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus( S.aureus)( gram-positive) organisms were evaluated by disk diffusion method;and results suggested that electrospun PVA / CipH Cl and PVA / SF /CipH Cl composite nanofibers showed a remarkable antibacterial activity.

Nontoxic chemical crosslinked bacterial cellulose-heparin-gelatin composite hydrogel as antibacterial dressing

A hydrogel dressing based on bacterial cellulose(BC),which is grafted with quaternary ammonium func-tional and crosslinked with the gelatin-heparin system,is prepared to provide the features mainly con-cerning softness,high swelling ratio,antibacterial property,and biocompatibility.An innovation of prepa-ration is that the BC is beaten into short-chain scaffolds to improve the efficiency of grafting,which not only simplifies the preparation process but also avoids the biotoxicity caused by the introduction of toxic catalyst such as dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)or uncertain toxic side products in long-chain graft-ing.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)shows that the QBC/Hep/Gel composite hydrogel possesses a three-dimensional mesh structure with high porosity.The hydrogel shows outstanding water manage-ment performance indicated by the swelling ratio of 1476%,water retention ratio of more than 90%at 120 h,and moisture permeability of 3296 g m^(-2) 24 h^(-1).The antibacterial experiment is implemented with staphylococcus aureus,and the antibacterial effect is represented by an inhibition zone of 3 cm in diameter.In vivo animal experiments suggested that QBC/Hep/Gel could effectively promote epithelial reconstruction,collagen deposition,and angiogenesis in normal wounds,reduce inflammation,and ac-celerate wound healing.All these results indicate that the proposed QBC/Hep/Gel hydrogel is a potential composite for antibacterial dressing.

Breathable,antifreezing,mechanically skin-like hydrogel textile wound dressings with dual antibacterial mechanisms

Hydrogels are emerging as the most promising dressings due to their excellent biocompatibility,extracellular matrix mimicking structure,and drug loading ability.However,existing hydrogel dressings exhibit limited breathability,poor environmental adaptability,potential drug resistance,and limited drug options,which extremely restrict their therapeutic effect and working scenarios.Here,the current research introduces the first paradigm of hydrogel textile dressings based on novel gelatin glycerin hydrogel(glyhydrogel)fibers fabricated by the Hofmeister effect based wet spinning.Benefiting from the unique knitted structure,the textile dressing features excellent breathability(1800 times that of the commercially available 3 M dressing)and stretchability(535.51±38.66%).Furthermore,the glyhydrogel textile dressing can also withstand the extreme temperature of-80℃,showing the potential for application in subzero environments.Moreover,the introduction of glycerin endows the textile dressing with remarkable antibacterial property and expands the selection of loaded drugs(e.g.,clindamycin).The prepared glyhydrogel textile dressing shows an excellent infected wound healing effect with a complete rat skin closure within 14 days.All these functions have not been achievable by traditional hydrogel dressings and provide a new approach for the development of hydrogel dressings.

Nano-silver-modified polyphosphazene nanoparticles with different morphologies:Design,synthesis,and evaluation of antibacterial activity

Drug-resistant bacteria present a severe threat to public health,emphasizing the importance of developing broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that are free from drug resistance.Among silver-based antibacterial agents,nano-silver has been found to exhibit the most promising and comprehensive performance.The exploration of the antibacterial capacity and morphological changes of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)could offer a starting point for the development of safe and efficient antibacterial agents.In this study,three types of nano-silver-modified polyphosphazene(PRV)nanoparticles with different morphologies were synthesized using precipitation polymerization.These nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques,including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration(MiC)/minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)tests and inverted fluorescence microscopy.Our results revealed that the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles can vary significantly depending on their immobilized form.Ag@PRV Strawberry-like nanoparticles(NPs)exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to Ag@PRV Yolk-Shell NPs and Ag@PRV Cable-like nanofibers(NFs).Notably,all three types of synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated a stronger bactericidal effect on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria.Live/dead bacterial staining and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that silver can kill bacteria by altering the permeability of their cell membranes.These findings offer valuable insights for designing and practically applying new silver-based antibacterial agents in the future.

Electroactive and antibacterial wound dressings based on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin coaxial electrospun nanofibrous membranes

Endogenous electric fields(EFs)are capable of regulating the behaviors of skin cells in wound healing.However,majority of current dressings are primarily engaged in the passive repair of defective tissue,as they lack the ability to actively respond to physiological electrical signals.In this work,a series of nanofibrous membranes(NFMs)were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning,combining the good mechanical properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL),the bioactivity of gelatin and the electroactivity of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene,as electroactive and antibacterial dressings for cutaneous wound healing.The obtained NFMs exhibited suitable mechanical properties and hydrophilicity,excellent electroactivity,antibacterial activity,and biocompatibility.Especially,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/PCL/gelatin-6(MPG-6,6 wt.%of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene in sheath spinning liquids)showed the optimal conductivity and antibacterial activity.Excitingly,this scaffold significantly promoted the adhesion,proliferation,and migration of NIH 3T3 cells under the electrical stimulation(ES).The in vivo evaluation in a full-thickness wounds defect model demonstrated that the MPG-6 films significantly accelerated wound closure,increased granulation tissue formation,increased collagen deposition,and promoted wound vascularization.In summary,the versatile scaffold is expected to be an ideal candidate as wound dressings due to its ability to promote the transmission of physiological electrical signals and thus improved the therapeutic outcomes of wound regeneration.

A Promising Wound Dressing from Regenerated Silk Fibroin Sponge with Sustain-ed Release of Silver Nanoparticles

A silk fibroin(SF)spongy wound dressing incorporated with silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)was developed for biomedical applications.Ag-NPs were efficiently synthesized in situ via ultra violet(UV)with AgNO_(3) as precursor and silk fibroin as reducing and protecting agent,respectively.After lyophilization,the formed silk fibroin spongy wound dressing(SFWD)exhibited polyporous morphology and inner lamellae structures,with uniform dispersion of Ag-NPs.The porous structure provided SFWD with the ability to absorb tissue exudatealmost 6 times of its own weight,which could guarantee the sustained release of Ag-NPs.By methanol treatment,SFWD showed much improved mechanical properties and more stable to protease XIV.The cyto-compatibility of SFWD was supported by normal adherence and proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts in sponges extracting culture medium.More important,the SFWD showed significant growth inhibition in both plate culture assays and bacterial suspension assays,with Gram-positive(Staphylococcus aureus)and Gram-negative(Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli).In a cutaneous excisional mouse model,the average healing rates of SFWD was significantly higher than control and commercial bandages.The hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining results of the wound section also showed that SFWD could recruit more cells and promote tissue formation on the wound edges.

Preparation of UV-curable Nano-silver Antimicrobial Agent and Its Application in Non-woven Fabric

Nano-silver and waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composite emulsion was synthesized.The average diameter of silver nanoparticles(SNPs)was about 20 nm,and the average diameter of WPU was 101.32 nm.The anti-bacteria finishing of a polypropylene non-woven fabric(NWF)was carried out by ultraviolet finishing technology and the double dipping twin-roll method.The standard AATCC100 was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the samples.The results showed that the antimicrobial rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were above 90%,which indicated that the NWF finishing had good antimicrobial activity.In addition,the thermal stability,mechanical properties,whiteness and contact angle of antimicrobial finishing nonwovens were characterized.The results showed that the performance of antimicrobial nonwovens was stable at 300℃.The breaking strength was better than that of untreated nonwovens,and the contact angle reached 119.1°.

Heat preservation,antifouling,hemostatic and antibacterial aerogel wound dressings for emergency treatment

Hemostatic dressings with multiple functions are superior to current hemostatic dressings for use in the complex situation of emergency accidents.In particular,the existing dressings lack consideration for the prevention of hypothermic shock after massive hemorrhage.In this study,gelatin(GN)and oxidized pectin(OP)were used for Schiff base cross-linking,and then polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution mixed with hemostatic caffeic acid(CA)was introduced to obtain aerogel substrate material(CB)after lyophilization.Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)and silver nanowires(Ag NWs)were used to construct a hydrophobic layer,an antibacterial layer and an infrared reflective layer on both sides of CB to prepare a multifunctional aerogel wound dressing with heat preservation,antifouling,hemostasis and antibacterial properties(PDMS-Ag NW-CB).The results showed that the infrared transmittance of PDMS-Ag NW-CB is almost 0,so that thermal energy loss from the body is minimized.The contact angles with water and blood are 129°and 120°,respectively,which have the effect of antifouling.This dressing can absorb blood quickly within 10 min,adhere to and gather platelets,and achieve hemostasis.It has good antibacterial and biocompatibility.Therefore,PDMS-Ag NW-CB has great potential in application to emergency treatment.

载中药聚乳酸多孔纳米纤维医用敷料

为构筑人体可吸收、抗菌消炎且轻薄柔软的可用于伤口愈合的医用敷料,以聚乳酸为原料,掺杂板蓝根(RI)、柴胡(BC)和茶多酚(GTP)等中药成分,采用氯仿与丙酮二溶剂体系,借助静电纺技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)多孔纳米纤维载中药敷料。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和接触角测试仪等手段分析了载中药敷料的微观结构、润湿性能、保水吸液性、抗菌性以及体外降解性能等。结果表明:采用氯仿和丙酮二溶剂体系制备的载中药敷料其纤维具有多孔特征,纤维直径为747~1 550 nm。敷料中所载板蓝根、柴胡、茶多酚与聚乳酸间并未发生负面改性的化学反应。载板蓝根、柴胡、茶多酚的敷料在载药量为3%时对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率分别为79.2%、82.5%、75.7%,对大肠杆菌抑菌率分别为79.1%、80.2%、73.9%。同时,较纯聚乳酸敷料,载中药敷料具有较好的透气性和体外降解性,其保水吸液性均提高20%以上,适合用作伤口敷料。

水凝胶伤口敷料的研究进展

皮肤是覆盖人体表面并直接接触外部环境的一个非常重要的器官,皮肤伤口的修复是一个复杂而有序的过程。寻求促进创伤修复、具有优良性能的伤口敷料是目前的研究热点。水凝胶由于含水量高、生物相容性好、吸收渗出物、易于去除、提供湿润环境,在伤口敷料领域得到广泛的研究和应用。介绍了水凝胶的制备方法,总结了抗菌、止血、消炎、促组织再生等功能化水凝胶伤口敷料的研究进展,展望了水凝胶伤口敷料未来的发展方向。

功能性水凝胶伤口敷料的辐射制备及其研究进展

水凝胶伤口敷料是一种新型的医用材料,具有止血抗菌、缩短伤口愈合进程、减轻患者伤口疼痛等作用。在水凝胶伤口敷料的制备方法中,辐射技术是不可或缺的手段之一,与其他制备水凝胶的方法相比,辐射法无需额外添加交联剂,操作简单,无污染。此外,通过控制辐射吸收剂量和条件,可以确保产品的稳定性和一致性。利用辐照技术制备水凝胶伤口敷料可以一步实现产品的制备和灭菌,降低生产成本,同时也确保了产品的安全性。本文主要总结了辐射技术制备水凝胶伤口敷料的分类、特点及其研究进展。同时,总结了水凝胶伤口敷料的应用,对未来水凝胶伤口敷料的发展以及更好地运用于临床进行展望。

化学交联法制备的妇科专用敷料抗菌止血性能研究

采用化学交联的方法制备了妇产科抢救用抗菌止血敷料用海藻酸钠/聚多巴胺晶胶(SA/PDA),研究了多巴胺加入量对抗菌止血敷料用海藻酸钠/聚多巴胺晶胶微观结构、压缩性能、膨胀性能和凝血特性的影响。结果表明,不同多巴胺加入量的海藻酸钠/聚多巴胺晶胶都呈现多孔结构;随着多巴胺添加量的增大,抗菌止血敷料用晶胶的压缩强度先减小后增大,SA/PDA1的压缩强度最小,海藻酸钠/聚多巴胺晶胶的膨胀率逐渐增大,全血凝固时间整体表现为逐渐降低的趋势,SA/PDA3的全血凝固时间为170 s。具有快速止血、吸附量大等特点,有望在妇产科抢救用抗菌止血敷料中应用。

碘释放抗菌涂层棉织物的制备及其在伤口修复中的应用

为使医用棉基敷料在伤口管理中能同时对伤口进行安全有效的消毒处理,以增强棉基敷料在医用领域的使用价值,采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)混合聚合物溶液对棉织物进行浸泡处理,借助CMC的成膜性促使聚合物涂层在棉织物表面快速形成,之后经吸附溶胀碘化钾后使用过氧化氢溶液处理,获得了一种稳固碘释放抗菌棉织物。测试了不同整理条件下抗菌棉织物对水分子和碘离子的吸附效果,分析了其抗菌性能和生物相容性,并对其用于伤口愈合的效果进行了研究。结果表明:所制备棉织物能够增强对I_(2)的络合能力,利于I_(2)缓释从而增加使用时效;伤口愈合实验证实涂层棉织物络合I_(2)后,可有效杀死伤口处的细菌加速伤口愈合;体外抗菌实验证实涂层棉织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀灭效果高达99%,而细胞毒性实验显示整理后棉织物对细胞组织几乎无毒副作用,细胞存活率均在90%以上。这种简单而有效的制备策略对于制造用于临床伤口消毒及治疗的功能性纱布等医用纺织品具有巨大的开发潜力。

单向导湿抗菌敷料的制备及性能研究

为了获得具备单向导湿功能的抗菌敷料,利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了聚乳酸/纳米氧化锌-聚乳酸/壳聚糖(PLA/ZnO-PLA/CS)双层结构纳米纤维膜和聚乳酸/纳米氧化锌-聚乳酸/壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇/透明质酸(PLA/ZnO-PLA/CS-PVA/HyA)三层结构纳米纤维膜。对双层结构和三层结构纳米纤维膜敷料的微观形貌、化学基团、墨滴扩散、吸水性、亲水性、抗菌性及生物安全性进行了测试分析。结果表明:从PLA/ZnO内层、PLA/CS中间层到PVA/HyA外层,纳米纤维的直径逐渐减小,孔径逐渐减小,孔隙率逐渐升高;具有梯度结构的三层纳米纤维膜敷料亲水性最佳,且PLA/ZnO内层可形成明显抑菌圈,具有良好抗菌性;三层梯度结构敷料成分不会影响细胞增殖,无细胞毒性;PLA/CS层和PVA/HyA层形成梯度引流作用,具有优良的单向导湿功能,可将伤口处积液引流到敷料外层。认为:纺丝时间为3 h的三层梯度纳米纤维膜在导湿、抗菌方面性能突出,对细胞无毒性,适用于伤口敷料相关产品的开发。

Natural hydrogel dressings in wound care: Design, advances, and perspectives

Natural hydrogels have emerged as a pivotal innovation in wound care,offering a unique combination of high absorbency,biocompatibility,and versatility.However,due to the complexity of wound healing,the physiological state of the wound varies dynamically,and the mechanism of natural hydrogels that boost wound healing is still unclear.In this review,we firstly provide a comprehensive introduction to the bio-logical process of wound healing,emphasizing the critical stages and factors affecting healing.This work concludes the composition and properties of natural hydrogels,including collagen,gelatin,hyaluronic acid,chitosan,alginates,cellulose,and fibroin,highlighting their biocompatibility and biodegradability.The focus shifts to the various crosslinking strategies employed to enhance the structural integrity and functionality of natural hydrogels.This review further investigates the biological effects of natural hydro-gels in wound healing,detailing their antibacterial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,adhesive,and hemo-static functions.Furthermore,we propose the challenges and future perspectives of natural hydrogels in practical applications.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current state and poten-tial future advancements in natural hydrogel dressings for wound care,highlighting their critical role in addressing complex and hard-to-heal wounds.