Characterization of cobalt ferrite-supported activated carbon for removal of chromium and lead ions from tannery wastewater via adsorption equilibrium

In this experiment,cobalt ferrite-supported activated carbon(CF-AC)was developed and characterized via the wet impregnation method for the removal of Cr and Pb(II)ions from tannery wastewater.Batch adsorption was carried out to evaluate the effect of experimental operating conditions(pH of solution,contact time,adsorbent dose,and temperature),and the removal efficiencies of Cr and Pb(II)ions by the developed adsorbents were calculated and recorded for all experimental conditions.These variables were estimated and reported as removal efficiencies of 98.2%for Cr and 96.4%for Pb(II)ions at the optimal conditions of 5,0.8 g,80 min,and 333 K for pH,adsorbent dose,contact time,and temperature,respectively.The equilibrium for the sorption of Cr and Pb(II)ions was studied using four widely used isotherm models(the Langmuir,Freundlich,Dubinin-Radushkevich,and Temkin isotherm models).It was found that the Freundlich isotherm model fit better with the coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.9484 and a small sum of square error of 0.0006.The maximum adsorption capacities(Qm)of Pb(II)and Cr adsorbed onto CF-AC were determined to be 6.27 and 23.6 mg/g,respectively.The adsorption process conformed well to pseudo-second order kinetics as revealed by the high R2 values obtained for both metals.The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of Cr and Pb(II)ions onto CF-AC was spontaneous,feasible,and endothermic under the studied conditions.The mean adsorption energy(E)values revealed that the adsorption mechanism of Cr and Pb(II)by CF-AC is physical in nature.The results of the study showed that adsorbent developed from CF-AC can be efficiently used as an environmentally friendly alternative adsorbent,for removal of Cr and Pb(II)ions in tannery wastewater.

Faujasite zeolite decorated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for improving removal and reuse in Pb^2+ions adsorption

Water pollution caused by heavy metals ions has been gaining attention in recent years,increasing the interest in the development of methodologies for their efficient removal focusing on the adsorption process for these purposes.The current challenge faced by adsorption processes is the adequate adsorbent immobilization for removal and reuse.Thus,the present work aimed at producing a faujasite zeolite nanocomposite decorated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for Pb^2+ions adsorption in an aqueous medium improving magnetic removal and reuse.As a result,a high surface area(434.4 m^2·g^-1)for the nanocomposite and an 18.93 emu·g^-1 saturation magnetization value were obtained,indicating magnetic removal in a promising material for adsorption process.The nanocomposite regeneration capacity evaluated by magnetic recovery after 24 h suspension presented a high Pb^2+ion adsorptive capacity(98.4%)in the first cycle.Around 98%of the Pb^2+ions were adsorbed in the second cycle.In this way,the synthesized faujasite:cobalt ferrite nanocomposite reveals itself as a promising alternative in adsorption processes,aiming at a synergic effect of FAU zeolite high adsorptive activity and the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles magnetic activity,allowing for adsorbent recovery from the aqueous medium via magnetic force and successive adsorptive cycles.

Synthesis and characterization of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles（CFNPs） were prepared via a reverse micelle method. The CFNPs were subsequently coated with carbon shells by means of thermal chemical vapor deposition（TCVD）. In this process, acetylene gas（C2H2） was used as a carbon source and the coating was carried out for 1, 2, or 3 h at 750℃. The Ar/C2H2 ratio was 10：1. Heating during the TCVD process resulted in a NP core size that approached 30 nm; the thickness of the shell was less than 10 nm. The composition, structure, and morphology of the fabricated composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area diffraction. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to survey the samples＇ magnetic properties. The deposited carbon shell substantially affected the growth and magnetic properties of the CFNPs. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the carbon coating and revealed that the deposited carbon comprised graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and diamond-like carbon. With an increase in coating time, the intensity ratio between the amorphous and ordered peaks in the Raman spectra decreased, which indicated an increase in crystallite size.

Synthesis of intracellular cobalt ferrite nanocrystals by extreme acidophilic archaea Ferroplasma thermophilum

Ferroplasma thermophilum,a sort of extreme acidophilic archaea,which can synthesize intracellular cobalt ferrite nanocrystals,is investigated in this study.The nanocrystals were analyzed with ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscope,with the size of 20−60 nm,the number of more than 30 in each cell at average,which indicated that F.thermophilum can synthesize intracellular nanocrystals and also belongs to high-yield nanocrystals-producing strain.Intriguingly,the nanocrystals contain ferrite and cobalt characterized by EDS X-ray analysis,suggesting that both cobalt and ferrite are potentially contributed to the formation of nanocrystals.Moreover,under the different energy source culture conditions of FeSO4 and CuFeS2,the size and the morphology of the nanocrystals are different.It was also found that the higher initial Fe availability leads to an induced synthesis of larger nanocrystals and the lower oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)leads to an induced effect on the synthesis of nanocrystals with abnormal unhomogeneous size,which suggested that the higher initial Fe availability and the lower oxidation-reduction potential lead to a higher uptake efficiency of iron ions of F.thermophilum by iron and ORP gradient culture.

Synthesis of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite core-shell structure composite:A method for enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption properties by adjusting impedance matching

Cobalt ferrite has problems such as poor impedance matching and high density,which results in unsatisfactory electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption performance.In this study,the CoFe_(2)O_(4)@C core-shell structure composite was synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method.X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and vector network analysis et al.were used to test the structure and EMW absorption properties of CoFe_(2)O_(4)@C composite.The results show that the reflection loss(RL)of the CoFe_(2)O_(4)@C composite reaches the maximum value of25.66 dB at 13.92 GHz,and the effective absorbing band(EAB)is 4.59 GHz(11.20-15.79 GHz)when the carbon mass content is 6.01%.The RL and EAB of CoFe_(2)O_(4)@C composite are increased by 219.55%and 4.59 GHz respectively,and the density is decreased by 20.78%compared with the cobalt ferrite.Such enhanced EMW absorption properties of CoFe_(2)O_(4)@C composite are attributed to the attenuation caused by the strong natural resonance of the cobalt ferrite,moreover,the carbon coating layer adjusts the impedance matching of the composite,and the introduced dipole polarization and interface polarization can cause multiple Debye relaxation processes.

Magnetic Nano Cobalt Ferrite Catalyzed Synthesis of 4H-Pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation

A microwave irradiated magnetically separable nano cobalt ferrite catalyzed green method for the synthesis of 4-phenyl-4H-pyrano[3,2-h]quinolin-2-amine and 2-amino-4-phenyl-4H-pyrano[3,2-h] quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives through cyclization of aromatic aldehyde, acetonitrile/malononitrile and 8-hydoxyquinoline is developed and presented in this paper. The cubic magnetic cobalt ferrite nano particles were synthesized by sol-gel citrate precursor method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques and the structures of the synthesized pyranoquinoline derivatives were assigned by IR, MASS and 1H NMR techniques. The reaction is carried out in a domestic microwave oven with a heat-resistant microwave safe glass container with a lid.

Templated synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous cobalt ferrite and its microwave absorption properties

Based on the nanocasting strategy, highly ordered mesoporous CoFe2O4 is synthesized via the ＇two-solvent＇ im- pregnation method using a mesoporous SBA-15 template. An ordered two-dimensional （P6mm） structure is preserved for the CoFe2O4/SBA-15 composite after the nanocasting. After the SBA-15 template is dissolved by NaOH solution, a mesoporous structure composed of aligned nanoparticles can be obtained, and the P6mm structure of the parent SBA-15 is preserved. With a high specific surface area （above 90 m2/g） and ferromagnetic behavior, the obtained material shows potential in light weight microwave absorption application. The minimum reflection loss （RL） can reach -18 dB at about 16 GHz with a thickness of 2 mm and the corresponding absorption bandwidth is 4.5 GHz.

Nano Nickel-Cobalt Ferrite Catalysed One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis of Xanthenediones and Acridinediones

1,8-Dioxo-octahydroxanthenes (4a-4f) and 1,8-dioxohexahydroacridines (5a-5c) were synthesized by novel, simple and eco-friendly method with higher yields in the presence of magnetically separable nano nickel-cobalt ferrite catalyst (Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4). The former, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes have been synthesized from dimedone and different aromatic aldehydes, while the latter from this mixture are along with ammonium acetate. The main advantage of this method is that the nano catalyst can be reused up to five reaction cycles without losing the catalytic activity.

Structural and Electrical Properties of Cobalt Ferrite

Ferrites are a class of cohesive new materiafs required for many specialised applications. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) has been identified as a substitute for carbon and serves as a non consumable anode for an eco-friendly and energy efficient production of aluminium. Pellets of cobalt ferrite have been prepared by powder metallurgical process and their electrical properties have been investigated from ambient temperature to 1273 K. The structural and morphological features have been studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy The relationships between such properties, chemical composition and sintering temperatures are thoroughly discussed.

Dysprosium Modification of Cobalt Ferrite Ionic Magnetic Fluids

Dysprosium composite cobalt ferrite ionic magnetic fluids were prepared by precipitation in the presence of Tri-sodium citrate. Influence of dysprosium modification on magnetic property is studied. The result shows that magnetic response toward exterior magnetic field can be improved by adding Dy3+. Studies also show that the increase of reaction temperature may improve the modification effect of dysprosium. By adding dysprosium ions, the average diameter of the magnetic nanoparticles will be decreased evidently. It is clear that the particles appear as balls. Cobalt ferrite with sizes of 12-15 nm, rare earth composite cobalt ferrite with sizes of 6-8 nm.

Polypyrrole Chitosan Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Composite Layer for Measuring the Low Concentration of Fluorene Using Surface Plasmon Resonance

Fluorene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is a hazardous toxic chemical in the environment. The measurement of low concentrations of fluorene is a subject of intense interest in chemistry and in the environment. Polypyrrole chitosan cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are prepared using the electrochemical method. The prepared layers are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The layers are used to detect fluorene using the surface plasmon resonance technique at room temperature. The composite layer is evaluated after detection of fluorene using atomic force microscopy. The fluorene is bound on the layer, and the shift of the resonance angle is about 0.0052°, corresponding to the limitation of 0.01 ppm.

Study of Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Manganese Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles with Non-stoichiometric Composition

The nanoparticles of Co1＋xMnxFe2-xO4 （0≤x ≤ 0.5） ferrite system are synthesized by solid-state reaction route using planetary ball milling technique to investigate structural, electrical and magnetic properties. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the inverse spinel structure with residual oxide phases. Three distinct regions of frequency response on dielectric constant are observed Co1.2sMn0.5Fe1.75O4 as determined by the Wayne Kerr Impedance Analyzer. The first two regions of frequency response 1.13-4.5 MHz and 4.5-6.5 MHz exhibit the normal behavior but the last region 6.5-10.5 MHz indicates its anomalous behavior due to concurrent contribution of O^2-, Fe^3＋, Co^2＋ and Mn^3＋ ions in the relaxation process for sintering effects （sintered at 700℃）. This anomalous behavior is found to be pronounced and significant for the sample of composition Co1.25Mn0.25Fe1.75O4, which may be suitable to be used in the frequency band filter over wide range of frequencies. The single peak of imaginary part of dielectric constant （ε＂） indicates that the conduction process in this sample is due to the grain boundary resistance. The pronounced increase of capacitance （C） as observed from 100 ℃ to 125 ~C in temperature dependent measurement （30-125℃） is expected to eause from the change of polarization across the grain boundary due to redistribution of ions by the thermal agitation. The variation of resistance （R） with temperature （30-125 ℃） is found to exhibit semieonducting behavior that resulted from the p-type carriers （Co^2＋/Co^3＋）. A significant increase of Z from 105 ℃ with the increase of temperature indicates the signature of phase transition from ferrimagnetic-to-ferromagnetic, which may be ascribed to the increase of Co content. The appearance of the single semicircular arc in the Cole-Cole plot may be attributed to the contribution of grain boundary resistance and correspond to the parallel equivalent circuit of resistor-capacitor （R-C） combination with single relaxation time. Saturation magnetization of Co1.25Mn0.25Fe1.75O4 and Co1.375Mn0.375Fe1.625O4 is found to be greater than the literature value （61.5 emu/g） of un-doped cobalt ferrite in the measurement of their initial magnetization using Lakeshore vibrating sample magnetometer. The negative real part of AC permeability of Co1.5Mn0.5Fe1.5O4 signifies the diamagnetic behavior in the frequency range 0.13-25.2 MHz and expected to cause from the formation of magnetic dipoles opposite to the applied field due to Mn^2＋ in the B site. The samples are expected to be suitable for dielectric heating and high frequency applications.

Preparation and Sinterability of Mn-Zn Ferrite Powders by Sol-Gel Method

Mn-Zn spinel ferrites were synthesized by sol-gel method. Effects of calcined temperature on structure and particle size of MnZnFe2O4 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns indicate that the ultra fine Mn-Zn ferrite exhibits a spinel crystal structure. SEM images show that the powder fired at 900℃for 2 h has an average diameter of 60 ~ 90 nm. The particle size becomes larger with the increasing of calcined temperature and the distribution of particle becomes even more homogeneous. Sintering behaviors of synthesized ferrite powders depend on the powder characteristics and high temperatures have induced the good crystallization of particles.

Electrical Transport Properties of Bi₂O₃-Doped CoFe₂O₄and CoHo_0.02Fe_1.98O₄Ferrites

Two series of CoHoxFe2-x O4 (x = 0.0,0.02) ferrites with Bismuth oxide doping from (0.1-0.3)% were prepared by Co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed fcc structure. The lattice constants were found to decrease as the doping of Bi2O3increases in both series. An increase in Bismuth oxide concentration from (0.1-0.3%) in CoFe2O4, and CoHo0.02Fe1.98O4ferrites leads to an increase in room temperature resistivity. Temperature dependent resistivity decreases as the temperature increases following the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy increases with the increase of Bi2O3-concentration for both CoFe2O4 and CoHo0.02Fe1.98O4series. The frequency dependant dielectric constant follows the Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization. The dielectric loss indicates the normal behavior of these ferrites. SEM analysis shows an increase in grain size with increasing Bismuth concentration.

Effect of Substitution of Al for Fe on Magnetic Properties and Particle Size of Ni-Co Nanoferrite

Nanocrystalline Al doped nickel-cobalt ferrite [Ni0.6Co0.4Fe2-xAlxO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7)] powders have been synthesized by sol-gel auto-ignition method and the effect of non-magnetic aluminum content on the nanosize particles and magnetic properties has been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the powders obtained are single phase with inverse spinel structure. The calculated grain size from XRD data have been verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM photograph shows that the powders consist of nano meter sized grain. The size of nanoparticles decreases as the non magnetic Al content increases. Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured at room temperature with maximum applied magnetic field of 20 KOe. As aluminum content increases, the measured magnetic hysteresis curves became narrow and saturation magnetization (Ms), and coercive force (Hc) decreased. The reduction of magnetization with the increase of aluminum content is caused by non-magnetic Al3+ ions and weakened interaction between sub-lattices.

CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CN的合成及其对奥克托今的催化分解特性

以氮掺杂多孔碳(CN)为载体,通过原位生长法制备出不同CN含量的CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CN复合材料.采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等研究材料的晶相、结构、形貌及催化分解性能.结果表明,CoFe_(2)O_(4)均匀分布在CN表面,且紧密接触,CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CN(50)对奥克托今(HMX)的催化分解能力最佳,可使HMX的分解峰温降低23.41℃,表观活化能降低453.28 kJ/mol.

MOFs材料负载的钴铁尖晶石活化过一硫酸盐降解四环素

通过简单的水热法成功制备了钴铁尖晶石和MOFs材料耦合的磁性功能催化剂CoFe_(2)O_(4)/UiO-66-NH2(CF/U6N),用于活化过一硫酸盐降解水中的四环素(TC)。由于负载后CoFe_(2)O_(4)活性组分分散性的提高和与载体之间的相互作用增强,CF/U6N表现出良好的催化活性和稳定性,在30 min内对TC降解效率可达93.2%。5次循环后,对TC的去除率仍保持在80%以上。同时CF/U6N功能催化剂可适用于较宽的pH值范围(3~9),在无机阴离子共存条件下对TC降解也具有较高的催化活性。猝灭实验和电子顺磁光谱表明TC的降解过程涉及自由基和非自由基路径,且硫酸根自由基和单线态氧均在TC降解过程中起到重要作用。

钴锌铁氧体改性生物炭对水中结晶紫的吸附性能研究

染料在生产和生活中广泛使用,导致环境中染料污染问题频发,尤其是水体,对生态系统和人体健康带来潜在危害。生物炭具有来源广泛且符合“双碳”的要求,被广泛用于环境污染治理。但由于原始生物炭的吸附能力差,且缺乏选择性。因此,对生物炭改性是最常用的方法。为了提高生物炭对染料结晶紫(CV)的吸附效果,研究以橙子皮为原料,通过共沉淀-热解法制备钴锌铁氧体改性的磁性生物炭(Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC)。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、Zeta电位仪对改性前后的生物炭进行详细表征。实验结果表明,改性后产生介孔结构,显著增加了材料的比表面积,而且增加了材料的表面正电荷,提高材料的pH适应性,从而促进生物炭对CV的吸附效果。通过批处理实验考察不同实验条件对Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC吸附CV的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行拟合,发现Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC对CV的吸附性能显著提高,去除率可达到99.64%,相较于单独的BC(41.94%)和Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(26.78%)吸附能力显著增强。一级动力学和Langmuir模型更好地拟合吸附过程和吸附等温线。吸附过程是单层吸附,以物理吸附为主,最大吸附量为227.59 mg/g。Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC在pH 5~11都能有效地吸附CV。常见的共存阴阳离子稍微促进Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)@BC对CV的吸附。在自来水和长江水中,吸附效果比纯水中好。这说明该材料具有很好的抗干扰能力。经过5次循环后对CV的去除率仍能达到69.75%。研究为CV污染水体的处理提供一种潜在材料,也为生物炭改性对染料废水的吸附提供一种新思路。

SEBS/sCFO复合涂层的制备及防污性能

目的合成可抑制海洋生物吸附的磁性纳米微球,制备具有微纳结构的新型防污复合材料。方法首先采用溶剂热法和一步吸附法制备铁酸钴/苯并三唑(CFO/BTA,sCFO)磁性纳米球,将sCFO与嵌段共聚物聚(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)(SEBS)复合,通过喷涂法制备SEBS/sCFO复合涂层。使用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪等分析sCFO的微观形貌、晶体结构和化学组成等,通过扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试、蛋白吸附实验、硅藻吸附实验等分析sCFO添加量对SEBS/sCFO复合涂层的表面形貌和防污性能的影响。结果所制备的sCFO为球形结构,尺寸为60~70 nm,饱和磁化强度为44.7 emu/g,其中苯并三唑含量约为32.3%。SEBS涂层的表面因为相分离而呈现褶皱状形貌,SEBS/sCFO复合涂层的表面形貌也因磁性纳米粒子的诱导作用而发生取向,随着sCFO添加量的增加,SEBS/sCFO复合涂层的相分离结构发生变化,提高了SEBS/sCFO复合涂层的抗蛋白吸附性能和抗硅藻吸附性能。结论sCFO纳米球的添加提高了复合涂层的抗蛋白吸附性能、抗硅藻吸附性能,通过sCFO纳米球对SEBS热塑性弹性体表面结构的诱导作用,为研制具有不同微纳表面的新型防污涂层提供了新方法,在海洋防污领域具有潜在的应用前景。

Analysis of cerium substitution in Co-Sr based spinel ferrites for high frequency application

Spinel ferrites exhibit exceptional magnetic properties,making them a distinctive class of magnetic materials.The sol-gel technique was utilized for the synthesis of spinel ferrites with the chemical formula Co_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Ce_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4). Following that,a comprehensive X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the crystalline cubic structure of the synthesized materials.Through the utilization of the M-H loop approach,the ferromagnetic attributes of ferrites were assessed,and the assimilation of rare earth elements led to substantial enhancements in saturation magnetization,remanence,and coercivity.Spinel ferrites with a high concentration of rare earth elements have improved direct current resistivity and activation energy.The logarithm of a material's resistance increased from 5.29 to 8.12 Ω·cm as cerium is added.With a change in the amount of cerium,the activation energy goes up from 0.19 to 0.29.By changing the frequency from 5.5 to 9.5 GHz,the dielectric characteristics were determined.As the frequency goes up,the dielectric constant goes down.Spinel ferrites that have been made better in every way can be used in high-frequency applications.