Polymeric Liquid Templating of Hierarchical Porous Films by Nanofibrillar Alginic Acid Assemblies

Hierarchical phases of the biomaterials can be used as template to transfer their intricate organization into biomimic inorganic solids. Herein, hierarchical mesoporous silica films with aligned pores have been templated by nanofibrillar alginic acid. An aqueous suspension of the alginic acid nanofibers was prepared by treating the brown seaweeds with sodium carbonate solution and subsequent precipitation in dilute hydrochloric acid. The alginic acid nanofibers of the organize into a hierarchical aligned phase in an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer that was used to template silica-alginic acid composite films by evaporation induced self-assembly of alkoxysilane with nanofibrillar alginic acid. Calcination of the alginic acid template afforded hierarchical mesoporous silica glasses. Carbonization of the silica-alginic acid composites and subsequent etching the silica recovered mesoporous carbon supercapacitors.

纳米零价铁基催化剂对二氧化氯漂白废水中氯代化合物的还原脱氯治理

本论文阐述了二氧化氯漂白废水中氯代化合物产生的根源、种类及环境危害。论述了现有二级生物处理和高级氧化技术对氯代化合物的非针对性及局限性。重点介绍了利用纳米零价铁及其改性物实现氯代化合物,尤其是氯代芳香族组分的高效还原脱氯,降解为低氯甚至无氯产品。论文还探讨了造纸白水中细小纤维作为催化剂绿色水凝胶载体的可行性。

仿生棉花“轻柔飘逸”特性自组装制备纳米纤丝化纤维素气凝胶

根据仿生棉花"轻柔飘逸"的特性,制备了具有超轻、超疏水、弹性和可折叠性能的一种新型纳米纤丝化纤维素(NFC)气凝胶。将废弃的枯落竹叶通过一系列化学处理,获得纯化的枯落竹叶纤维素。纤维素通过超声处理,可以将纤维素束分散成纳米纤维素纤维,经过冷冻干燥,制备NFC气凝胶。再通过MTMS处理,制备出具有这些性能的NFC气凝胶。采用接触角测量仪测得接触角为152°。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量弥散X射线分析(EDS)对纯化的纤维素和制备的气凝胶的表面形貌和能谱进行分析,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对枯落竹叶、纯化后的纤维素和获得的气凝胶进行官能团分析。该研究所用试剂均为绿色环保,为绿色气凝胶的制备提供了科学思路。