Ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of SnS nanoparticles:Electrode materials for lithium batteries,photoluminescence and photocatalytic activities

Tin mono-sulphide（Sn S） nanoparticles（Nps） have been successfully synthesised through ionic liquid assisted hydrothermal method using hydrated tin（II） chloride as a precursor, thiourea as sulphur source precursors using 2-Methoxy ethyl methyl imidazolium methane sulfonate ionic liquid as co-solvent. The Reitveld refinement on powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD） confirmed the presence of orthorhombic Sn S structure as major phase along with traces amount of Sn S2 and Sn2 S3. Diffuse reflectance spectrum studies revealed the energy band gap around 1.38 e V. TEM images confirmed the Sn S Nps with average particle size of 40 nm and HRTEM suggest good crystallinity. The electrochemical property for lithium storage behaviour shows an initial discharge capacity of 658 m Ah/g and it retains discharge capacity of 426 m Ah/g for 16 cycles, at current density 100 m A/g. The obtained results indicate that Sn S Nps to be one of the possible promising anode materials for next generation Lithium batteries. Photoluminescence study of Sn S Nps shows a strong green emission at 530 nm. Sn S Nps were also tested for the photocatalytic adsorption of methylene blue and Rhodamine B.

A gel polymer electrolyte with IL@UiO-66-NH_(2) as fillers for high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

All solid-state electrolytes have the advantages of good mechanical and thermal properties for safer energy storage,but their energy density has been limited by low ionic conductivity and large interfacial resistance caused by the poor Li~+transport kinetics due to the solid-solid contacts between the electrodes and the solid-state electrolytes.Herein,a novel gel polymer electrolyte(UPP-5)composed of ionic liquid incorporated metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles(IL@MOFs)is designed,it exhibits satisfying electrochemical performances,consisting of an excellent electrochemical stability window(5.5 V)and an improved Li^(+)transference number of 0.52.Moreover,the Li/UPP-5/LiFePO_(4) full cells present an ultra-stable cycling performance at 0.2C for over 100 cycles almost without any decay in capacities.This study might provide new insight to create an effective Li^(+)conductive network for the development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

Superior performance for lithium-ion battery with organic cathode and ionic liquid electrolyte

Organic small structure quinones go with ionic liquids electrolytes would exhibit ultrastable electrochemical properties.In this study,calix[6]quinone(C6Q) cathode was matched with ionic liquid electrolyte Li[TFSI]/[PY13][TFSI](bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt/N-methyl-N-pro pylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) to assemble lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The electrochemical performance of LIBs was systematically studied.The capacity retention rates of C6Q through 1000 cycles at current densities of 0.2 C and 0.5 C were 70% and 72%,respectively.At 5 C, the capacity was maintained at 190 mAh g^(-1) after 1000 cycles,and 155 mAh g^(-1) even after 10,000 cycles,comparable to inorganic materials.This work would give a big push to the practical process of organic electrode materials in energy storage.

Safety Assessment of Ionic Liquid-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Prototypes

In this paper we report the results of combined cycle- and life-aging and abuse tests carried out under severe conditions on Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 lithium-ion stacked prototypes using a PYR14 FSI-LiTFSI ionic liquid electrolyte. No relevant degradation phenomena took place within ionic liquid electrolyte during prolonged inactivity period or overcharging. No fire/explosion or venting event as well as no gas development occurred during abuse tests, which led only to modest raise in temperature. Therefore, electrodes based on Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4 active materials can be favorably combined with non-volatile and non-flammable pyrrolidinium FSI ionic liquid electrolytes to realize highly safe lithium-ion battery systems.

Ionic Liquid/Poly(ionic liquid)-based Semi-solid State Electrolytes for Lithium-ion Batteries

Ionic liquids(ILs)have appeared as the most promising electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries,owing to their unique high ionic conductivity,chemical stability and thermal stability properties.Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with both IL-like characteristic and polymer structure are emerging as an alternative of traditional electrolyte.In this review,recent progresses on the applications of IL/PIL-based semi-solid state electrolytes,including gel electrolytes,ionic plastic crystal electrolytes,hybrid electrolytes and single-ion conducting electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries are discussed.

Structure-design and theoretical-calculation for ultrasmall Co_(3)O_(4) anchored into ionic liquid modified graphene as anode of flexible lithium-ion batteries

Cobalt oxide(Co_(3)O_(4))is currently suitable in energy storage applications because of its high capacity based on the conversion reaction mechanism.However,unmodified Co_(3)O_(4)suffers from distinctly inferior rate capability and poor cycling stability.On the basis of the aforementioned considerations and density functional theory(DFT)simulations,the three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure(HPS)ultrasmall Co_(3)O_(4)anchored into ionic liquid(IL)modified graphene oxide(GO)has been successfully prepared(ultrasmall/Co_(3)O_(4)-GA-IL).The ultrasmall/Co_(3)O_(4)-GA-IL consists of Co_(3)O_(4)co-assembled with IL modified GO to generate the HPS which can facilitate ion transfer channels through reduction of the electron and ion transportation path and transmission impedance.In addition,N-doping graphene can enhance the inherent electrical conductivity of Co_(3)O_(4),which is proved by the DFT calculations.By virtue of the novel superstructure,the ultrasmall/Co_(3)O_(4)-GA-IL electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 1,304 mAh·g^(−1),an enhanced high-rate capability(715 mAh·g^(−1)at 5 C),and a capacity retention of 98.4%even after 500 cycles at 5 C rate,which corresponds to 0.0003%capacity loss per cycle.Pouch cells based on the cathode are further fabricated and demonstrate excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties under bent and folded state,highlighting the practical application of our deliberately designed electrode in wearable electronics.

Ionic liquid-induced ultrathin and uniform N-doped carbon-wrapped T-Nb_(2)O_(5) microsphere anode for high-performance lithium-ion battery

Orthorhombic-phase Nb_(2)O_(5)(T-Nb_(2)O_(5)) has been widely investigated as an intercalation anode material for Li-ion batteries due to the larger interplanar lattice spacing and high safety.However,its applications are limited by the intrinsic low electric conductivity.Herein,an ultrathin N-doped carbon-coating layer was constructed on porous T-Nb_(2)O_(5) microspheres uniformly via a convenient thermal treatment method with ionic liquid as a carbon precursor.The synthesized T-Nb_(2)O_(5)@N-C exhibits significantly enhanced rate capability(155.5 mAh·g^(-1) at 20 C) than initial T-Nb_(2)O_(5)(110.2 mAh·g^(-1) at 20C).Besides,T-Nb_(2)O_(5)@N-C shows ultralong cycle life,with only a 0.02% decrease in the capacity per cycle at a high current density of 10 C.The corresponding electrochemical tests show that the preferable rate capability of T-Nb_(2)O_(5)@N-C electrode is attributed to the increased electronic conductivity and pseudocapacitance contribution induced by ultrathin surface N-doped carbon layer.On the other hand,the mesoporous structure of T-Nb_(2)O_(5)@N-C ensures fast Li+ diffusion dynamics and electrolyte penetration.Furthermore,T-Nb_(2)O_(5)@N-C also performs well in a LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(4) llT-Nb_(2)O_(5)@N-C full cell.This work provides a facile method to construct integrated anode materials for potential applications in lithium-ion batteries.

正极材料LiMnPO_4/C的离子热法制备及电化学性能

采用以离子液体乙醇胺乳酸盐为反应介质的离子热法在常压低温下成功制备出LiMnPO4,经添加蔗糖后在不同温度下高温处理获得了LiMnPO4/C正极材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征了材料的相态和形貌,采用充放电法研究了材料的电化学性能。结果表明:磷酸锰锂的晶相为橄榄石型;材料颗粒的尺寸主要分布在150～300 nm;较高温度下获得的LiMnPO4/C材料表现出较好的电化学性能,在0.05 C下放电容量达114.0 mA h/g,10次循环后比容量仍保持在102.3 mA h/g。这种以乙醇胺乳酸盐为反应介质的离子热法为锂离子电池正极材料LiMnPO4的制备提供了新的途径。

离子液体-无机颗粒杂化电解质在二次电池中的研究进展

高性能电解质是制备高能量密度、长循环寿命、良好安全性二次电池的关键材料之一.然而,传统的有机以及水系电解质,由于诸多限制(例如,电位窗口窄、离子电导率低、枝晶、"胀气"和腐蚀等)已不能满足安全、高效二次电池的发展需求.近年来,离子液体-纳米颗粒杂化电解质(IL-NPHE)体系由于具有高稳定、不可燃及多种协同特性而备受关注.专注于IL-NPHE研究的最新进展,对此类电解质体系的物化特性及电化学性能进行了归纳.同时,系统总结了离子液体和无机颗粒之间的协同作用机理.基于上述评述,展望了IL-NPHE的未来发展趋势和方向.