Preparation and Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax/Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites

Synthetic reinforced composites affect the environment adversely and have become a global concern, causing increased natural composite demand for sustainability and cost effectiveness. Glass is a popular material that is highly consumed in reinforced composites for its superior mechanical strength. As opposed to that, flax obtained from flax stalks can be used as an alternative reinforcing material with synthetic fibers to minimize manmade fiber consumption. Hence, this research work addresses a few flax/glass-reinforced hybrid composites by using a thermoset polyester matrix. Here, six categories of samples are made, like neat flax, neat glass, and flax/glass fabric reinforced hybrid composite, followed by different stacking layer sequences and hand layout techniques during processing. Afterwards, the mechanical behavior, thermal stability, morphological behavior, and water absorption of hybrid samples were investigated. Among the developed samples, neat glass (NG) composite exhibits superior mechanical properties, while neat flax (NF) shows the lowest result. It is apparent that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of hybrid samples are in between NF and NG because, by adding glass with flax fabric, the strength of hybrid samples is increased. Moreover, it is noticeable that, due to multiple stacking layers of flax and glass, hybrid 3 and hybrid 4 show better strength than consecutive single stacking layers in hybrid 1 and hybrid 2. Among all hybrid composites, the H4 shows comparatively better mechanical and thermal properties due to having the glass layers on the outermost surface. In summary, this research work demonstrated the feasibility of flax fabric with glass fabric as a reinforced hybrid composite that can be used in automobile inner bodies, household furnishing, and home interior decoration.

Preparation and Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax/Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites

Synthetic reinforced composites affect the environment adversely and have become a global concern, causing increased natural composite demand for sustainability and cost effectiveness. Glass is a popular material that is highly consumed in reinforced composites for its superior mechanical strength. As opposed to that, flax obtained from flax stalks can be used as an alternative reinforcing material with synthetic fibers to minimize manmade fiber consumption. Hence, this research work addresses a few flax/glass-reinforced hybrid composites by using a thermoset polyester matrix. Here, six categories of samples are made, like neat flax, neat glass, and flax/glass fabric reinforced hybrid composite, followed by different stacking layer sequences and hand layout techniques during processing. Afterwards, the mechanical behavior, thermal stability, morphological behavior, and water absorption of hybrid samples were investigated. Among the developed samples, neat glass (NG) composite exhibits superior mechanical properties, while neat flax (NF) shows the lowest result. It is apparent that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of hybrid samples are in between NF and NG because, by adding glass with flax fabric, the strength of hybrid samples is increased. Moreover, it is noticeable that, due to multiple stacking layers of flax and glass, hybrid 3 and hybrid 4 show better strength than consecutive single stacking layers in hybrid 1 and hybrid 2. Among all hybrid composites, the H4 shows comparatively better mechanical and thermal properties due to having the glass layers on the outermost surface. In summary, this research work demonstrated the feasibility of flax fabric with glass fabric as a reinforced hybrid composite that can be used in automobile inner bodies, household furnishing, and home interior decoration.

Nanoindentation Study on Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiO2/Dental Resin Composites

The micro/nano-scale indentation tests were performed to explore the performance of bisphenol-α-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) dental resin composites. The effect of the filling content of nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical properties of the dental composites was studied as well. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of the nano-SiO2 particles at low concentrations (up to 10 wt.%) can apparently increase the hardness and elastic modulus of the dental rein composites. The plasticity index indicates a best elastic recovery capability at a proper amount (4 wt.%) of the nanoparticles. Combined with the infrared spectrum, the mechanical enhancement mechanisms of the dental resin composites were analyzed.

Effect of volume fraction of ramie cloth on physical and mechanical properties of ramie cloth/UP resin composite

Ramie cloth/UP resin composite was formed at 0.2 MPa and cured at room temperature for 24 h and treated at 80℃for 2 h. The physical and mechanical properties of the composites with different volume fractions of ramie cloth were studied. The results show that, with the increase of the volume fraction of the ramie cloth, densities of the composites become greater and greater, though all lower than the theoretical values, the linear shrinkage during the formation decreases from 1.20% of the original UP resin to 0.18% of the composite with 30% of ramie cloth in volume, all the composites also absorb more water than UP resin casting, greater volume fraction of the fiber, more water will be absorbed, but the increase in water absorption becomes smaller and smaller with time. As regards some mechanical properties, the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength are all improved when more ramie fiber is added. Compared with those of pure UP resin casting, the mechanical properties are increased by 93.93%, 76.20%, 190.18% and 227.26% respectively when the volume fraction of the ramie cloth in the composite is 30%. The differential scanning calorimetry results show that only one peak will appear for the sample without or with less ramie fiber while two peaks will appear when more ramie cloth is added.

Mechanical Properties of Phenolic-Resin Composites Reinforced with CF/BF Interlayer Hybrid Fibers

Phenolic-resin composites reinforced with carbon fiber（CF） and basalt fiber（BF） interlayer hybrid fibers plain fabric were fabricated.The tensile strength,compressive strength and interlaminar shear strength of the prepared composites were studied.The results indicated that hybrid fibers reinforced composites possessed the advantages of both CF and BF.When resin content was 35% by volume fraction,the comprehensive mechanical performance of BF/CF reinforced phenolic resin composites reached the optimal values with the warp and weft direction tensile strength,compressive strength and interlayer shear strength being 252 MPa and 487 MPa,105 MPa and 129 MPa,21 MPa and 20 MPa,respectively.The scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations showed that the BF/CF hybrid fibers reinforced composites had better interfacial adhesion.

Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composite Water Collector

The water collector is operated in the humid and hot environment of the cooling tower all the year round.It also needs to carry part of the weight of water and silt.Therefore,it is particularly critical to optimize the material of the water collector and improve its mechanical properties.Polyester,a general term of polymer obtained from polyols and polyacids,is a kind of engineering plastics with excellent properties and wide applications.Glass fiber is a reinforced plastic reinforcement material,and the biggest characteristic of it is the high tensile strength and good heat resistance.In this paper,glass fiber reinforced polyester resin composite material is prepared,its tensile properties and bending properties are tested,and the performance of the imported material JK2020B is compared and analyzed.The results show that the elastic modulus along the fiber direction is relatively high,but the interlayer force in the direction of thickness and width is very small.This review provides a guidance for production process.

Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced epoxide resin composites

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)/epoxide resin composites were prepared,the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites were investigated. The effects of concentration and dispersion state of CNTs on the tensile strength,tensile modulus and electrical resistance of the composites were studied. The results indicate that the CNTs can be dispersed well in the epoxide resin matrix by ultrasonic method,and the mechanical and electrical properties of epoxide resin matrix can be improved significantly. The tensile tests show that the tensile strength and tensile modulus are higher than those of epoxide resin if the content of CNTs is less than 1.75%(mass fraction). When the content of CNTs is 0.75%,the conditional best results are obtained,the tensile strength of the composite is the highest,increased by 18.3% and the tensile modulus is increased by 20.5% compared with the matrix. With the increase of CNTs,the electrical resistance of the composites decreases greatly,while the conductivity of the composite increases. The percolation threshold values of electrical characteristic transformation for this composite material were determined for the first time.

Effect of Hybridization on the Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber/Kenaf Phenolic Hybrid Composites

In this study,pineapple leaf fiber(PALF),kenaf fiber(KF)and PALF/KF/phenolic(PF)composites were fabricated and their mechanical properties were investigated.The mechanical properties(tensile,flexural and impact)of the PALF/KF/PF hybrid composites were investigated and compared with PALF/KF composites.The 3P7K exhibited enhanced tensile strength(46.96 MPa)and modulus(6.84 GPa),flexural strength(84.21 MPa)and modulus(5.81 GPa),and impact strength(5.39 kJ/m2)when compared with the PALF/PF and KF/PF composites.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the tensile testing samples.The microstructure of the 7P3K hybrid composite showed good interfacial bonding and the addition of KF improved the interfacial strength.It has been concluded that the 3P7K ratio allowed obtaining materials with better mechanical properties(tensile,flexural and impact strengths)than PALF/PF and KF/PF composites.The results obtained in this study will be used for further comparative study of untreated hybrid composites with treated hybrid composites.

Durability Testing of Composite Aerospace Materials Based on a New Polymer Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

In this study,the durability of a new polymer carbonfiber-reinforced epoxy resin used to produce composite material in the aerospacefield is investigated through analysis of the corrosion phenomena occurring at the microscopic scale,and the related infrared spectra and thermal properties.It is found that light and heat can con-tribute to the aging process.In particular,the longitudinal tensile strength displays a non-monotonic trend,i.e.,itfirst increases and then decreases over time.By contrast,the longitudinal compressive and inter-laminar shear strengths do not show significant changes.It is also shown that the inter-laminar shear strength of carbonfiber/epoxy resin composites with inter-laminar hybrid structure is better than that of pure carbonfiber materials.The related resistance to corrosion can be improved by more than 41%.

Mechanical properties of short carbon/glass fiber reinforced high mechanical performance epoxy resins

To research the relationship between epoxy and fiber inherent property and mechanical properties of composite,we prepared a series of composites using three kinds of high mechanical performance epoxy resins as matrices and reinforced by the same volume fraction(5%)of short carbon and glass fiber.Their mechanical properties were investigated from the perspective of chemical structure and volume shrinkage ratio of epoxy.We analyzed their tensile strength and modulus based on the mixing rule and Halpin-Tsai equation,respectively,and studied the morphology of impact test samples by scanning electron microscope.The results show that chemical bonds formed between matrix and fiber are the most important factor to improve the mechanical properties of composite.High volume shrinkage ratio is also helpful when the fiber surface was coarse.Otherwise,the tensile strength is more sensitive to interface than the tensile modulus.It is concluded that the mechanical properties of composite are strongly affected by the chemical structure of epoxy resin,the volume shrinkage ratio of cured matrices,and properties of fiber surface.

DOPO衍生物/八氨丙基POSS阻燃木塑复合材料的研究

先合成OA-POSS与DPA,然后将其引入到WF/PP木塑复合材料中,通过热压成型方法制备阻燃WF/PP木塑复合材料,进行热失重分析及阻燃性能、力学性能测试,探究了阻燃木塑复合材料的热稳定性能、燃烧性能和力学性能。结果表明:DOPO、DPA和OA-POSS的加入一定程度上提高了复合材料的初始热分解温度,降低了热分解速率,明显提高材料的热解残余物质量。DOPO,DPA和OA-POSS的加入能够显著提高复合材料的阻燃性能,复合材料的残炭量明显增加,最高增加228.05%。DOPO的加入使材料力学性能下降,而DPA和OA-POSS的加入一定程度上增强了复合材料的力学性能。

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

The application of nanotechnology in the improvement of dental composite resins

In this paper, nanotechnology for the improvement of dental composite resins has been reviewed in the background of the existing shortcomings, focusing on the improvement for polymerization shrinkage, anti-bacterial properties and mechanical properties of composite resins. The results show that the use of nanotechnology and nano materials can be an effective method to improve the performance of dental composite resins in a various ways. At last, the paper also discusses the perspective about the dental composite resins.

Evaluation of Sawdust and Rice Husks as Fillers for Phenolic Resin Based Wood-Polymer Composites

We produced Wood-Polymer Composites (WPCs) with phenolic resin (PR) filled with saw dust (SD) and rice husks (RH) in a PR:fillerratio of 60:40 wt.%. RH and SD were grinded and sieved into particles μm. The aim of this research work was to evaluate sawdust and rice husks as fillers for sustainable phenolic resin based WPCs. Therefore, we investigated the thermal stability of PR/RH and PR/SD WPCs then we studied and compared the tensile, flexural properties of PR/SD and PR/RH WPCs samples, as well as their dimensional stability after water absorption test. Furthermore, through ultraviolet light exposure, we evaluated the effects of photo-oxidation on the water stability and mechanical properties of PR/RH and PR/SD WPCs samples compared to unexposed ones. PR filled with SD presented better mechanical properties compared to PR/RH WPCs samples. However, PR/RH WPCs showed good mechanical properties, and better thermal resistance and better water repulsion capabilities compared to PR/SD WPCs samples. Although, long time UV exposure ended up lowering considerably the mechanical properties and water resistance of PR/SD and PR/RH WPCs, both RH and SD offer great added value as fillers for PR based WPCs;SD having better interactions with PR matrix compared to RH.

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料力学性能的研究进展

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)凭借优异的机械性能、热稳定性、耐化学性和耐酸碱腐蚀等优点被应用于航空航天、汽车、土木工程、建筑等各个领域,然而相比于玻纤和碳纤增强复合材料,国内外对BFRP的研究还较少,BFRP的力学性能仍有很大的提升空间。其中,基体与玄武岩纤维之间的界面结合性能对于提高复合材料的力学性能至关重要。综述了BFRP力学性能方面的研究现状,分析了纤维与基体界面结合性能对BFRP力学性能的影响,并总结了几种常见的增强BFRP中纤维与基体界面结合性能方法,以期对高性能BFRP的研究发展及高端应用提供参考。

环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂合材料的制备及其性能

以3-缩水甘油基氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(EPTMS)为原料,合成得到了八官能团缩水甘油醚-多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(简称POSS-EP)。采用4代树型端氨基聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)作为POSS-EP和双酚A型环氧树脂(DGEBA)共混物的固化剂,制备了5个环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂化材料。通过动态差示扫描量热仪(DSC),研究了环氧和PAMAM的固化反应动力学。通过DSC、热重分析(TGA)、拉力和冲击测试,对环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂化材料的热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,该环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂化材料具有优良的热性能和力学性能。

CCF800S/8210双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料固化工艺参数与耐热性能的关系

采用热分析方法研究了CCF800S/8210双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的固化工艺参数与耐热性能的关系。结果表明,在250℃以内,随着固化温度的增加,CCF800S/8210双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的耐热性能提高,玻璃化转变温度从310℃提高到350℃。进一步考察了该复合材料在室温和250℃时的力学性能,发现在250℃下力学性能保持率大于51%。因此,该双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料体系作为结构材料在航天航空领域有着潜在的应用价值。

β-SiC纳米线增强POSS复合树脂的力学性能研究

目的:研究β-SiC纳米线的不同添加量对POSS复合树脂力学性能的影响。方法:将质量分数分别为0、0.5、1.0、1.5的β-SiC纳米线作为添加剂加入poss复合树脂。对各组试件的硬度、弹性模量、耐磨性等力学参数进行测试,对实验数据进行统计学分析。结果:统计学分析结果表明,0.5%组的硬度值、弹性模量值最高,划痕深度值最小,与其他各组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:添加适量β-SiC纳米线可以显著增加POSS树脂的机械性能。

剪切增稠凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

剪切增稠凝胶(STG)是近年来引起人们极大研究兴趣的一种剪切增稠材料,表现出冲击硬化效应。将STG与环氧树脂材料进行复合,获得一种强度更高的STG增强环氧树脂材料,一方面解决剪切增稠材料在实际过程中的冷流问题,另一方面通过高分子聚合物与剪切增稠凝胶材料的耦合作用,进一步改善环氧树脂的脆性以抗冲击防护性能。采用热分析表征样品的热稳定性;采用电子万能材料试验机对复合材料进行了多重拉伸速率的拉伸力学性能测试;采用扫描电子显微镜对材料进行微观结构观察。

不同铺层数平纹碳纤维力学特性分析

为明确面密度为200g/m^(2)的3K平纹碳纤维的力学特性,分别进行不同铺层数下碳纤维树脂基复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和冲压式剪切实验。结果表明:试样的损伤形式为断口处的分层、纤维从基体中拔出和断裂、垂直于载荷方向上的纤维束撕裂、基体之间的挤压、纤维的剪切断裂、基体的挤压变形。拉伸和弯曲试样的位移载荷曲线的起始阶段是线性的,弯曲试样的位移载荷曲线的起始阶段是非线性的。在2—12层的铺层数变化范围内,所有试样的铺层数载荷曲线呈现线性变化,试样承受弯曲载荷的能力较弱。