Agency, Narrativity, and the Sense of an Ending

The relation between narratives and agency can be sometimes considered as mutually constitutive. There are cases in which telling a story expresses higher degrees of agency, and respectively, agency is shaped as a narrative that expresses the agent＇s reasons. From henceforth, I will contend that a narrative theory, beyond the personal identity problem, can also enlighten how the agent attains giving reasons for the action by making sense of sequences of events. In order to explain how agency is constituted from understanding and control, we must assume a primitive competence for narratives. Agency supposes an ordering that cannot be reduced to temporality, but expresses a certain sense of accomplishment that can be narratively constituted. In this context, I will examine Welleman＇s theory of emotions as an ordering framework of the events in structures of means-ends. A possible objection to his explanation of the agential narratives is that emotions themselves need to be understood as narrative processes. I suggest then that an enactivist approach would be a way of explaining the narrative constitution of agency. One virtue of this approach is that it harmonizes the biological and cultural components of the agency from the most basic layers to the ordinary folk-psychological narratives.

Text, Topics, and Formal Language: Musical Narrativity in Franz Liszt's Prometheus and Tasso

In his symphonic poems Franz Liszt integrated musical topics(conventional musical signs or gestures),literary programs,and innovative musical forms.Prometheus and Tasso exemplify Liszt’s reliance on such programs and the"marked"gestures of musical topics.Through these hermeneutic aids,the listener is guided to imagine dramatic situations involving the fi gures of Prometheus and Tasso.In"musical"terms,however,Prometheus’s"redemption"may be hardly distinguishable from Tasso’s"victory,"as each relies upon similar musical gestures.How then does Liszt distinguish the depiction of Prometheus’s character from that of Tasso?This article examines the techniques Liszt used to create discrete plots and subjects by analyzing formal deviations from the symphonic tradition and the relationship among literary programs,musical topics,and narrativity.The distinctive plots of Prometheus and Tasso result from the appearance of"marked"musical gestures within displaced formal sections.Musical narrativity thus relies on both the correlation and tension between musical topics and innovative formal plans.In this sense Prometheus and Tasso illustrate a"linguistic model"of program music.

新媒体语境下长篇深度报道的新动向——美国“深阅读”类新闻网站的兴起与发展探究

新媒体环境下,新闻报道呈现"短平快"的发展态势,但长篇深度报道并未退出大众期待视野。相反,近年来,人们对"深阅读"类新闻的关注度大有日渐升温的趋势。本研究在此背景下,以Narratively.com和Atavist.com为例,探究美国"深阅读"类新闻网站的兴起和发展,解析其网络新闻传播及盈利模式,从而探求新媒体语境下长篇深度报道的新动向。通过对"深阅读"类新闻网站的源起、人情味表达、个性化呈现及突破传统赢利模式的分析,为我国网络新闻的深度报道提供有效借鉴经验。

The Philosophy of a Dialogue and the Process of Understanding the Identities and Alterities

The main subject of the research is in close connection with the contemporary theories of subject and cultural identity. It represents the point of view of the problems of globalization and boundaries from the perspective of the present historical position. It interprets contemporary reflections of the cultural, especially literary boundaries. The research is also a kind of analyze which is in connection with the decentralization of the identity through the images of the others. The main subject of the interpretation is the problems of the others as a measure of our personality, our past, and our future. Who we were and who we are now？ In this research, narrativity is understood as a constitutive impulse of many different spheres such as narrative literature and film, and as an influential element of the religious and philosophical texts. The main goal of the study is to present the deployment of the senses that are conducted to our origin. It means investigation of our understanding of where we come from and how can we find ourselves in the contemporary culture, first of all, how can we constitute the identity if we use the meanings that come from the past and make our identification in the present.

Moving the Posts： Two Models of Sports Research

This essay presents two models of sports research, one characterized by a didactic and normative relation to its object, while wedded to a view of language characterized by a transparent and non-mediated relation between signifier and signified, and another result of the linguistic turn and an interest in reception studies and audiences. The latter has failed to deliver on its promise to democratize sports studies, as it has become centrally engaged in mapping audiences as consumers. Through a narrative analysis of three stories by Kafka, the essay shows how these models can be seen as employing specific narrative forms, and how Kafka＇s last installment in The Hunger Artist sequel offered a different perspective of the relation between art and society. This latter form of narrative may take sports studies beyond the hold of what psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan referred to as the specular phase of subject formation and into an imaginary servitude characteristic of the social ＇T＇, formed in the closing phase of the Mirror Stage.

Seasonal Analysis of Atmospheric Changes in Hudson Bay during 1998-2018

The main objective of this study is to examine the NARR (North American Regional Reanalysis Model) high-resolution dataset to understand the last two decades dramatic climate changes in Hudson Bay associated with the atmospheric keys by synoptically analysis. The anomalies of the near-surface meteorological parameters such as air temperature, humidity, mean sea level pressure, wind vectors along with cloudiness, precipitation, surface albedo and downward longwave radiation at surface in seasonally based changes have been analysed. The increase in low-level thermal structure leads to changing the near-surface humidity, evaporation, cloudiness, precipitation and downward longwave radiation at the surface. Also, winds have been accelerated associated with anticyclonic curvature development. The results show significant atmospheric changes during the last two decades in Hudson Bay with the highest values mostly during winter and fall seasons in the north, east boundaries and James Bay area. Using the statistical analysis for mean low-level temperature, surface albedo, low-level clouds and evaporation at the surface during nearly recent 2 decades (1998-2018) rather than the normal climatology mean (1981-2010) have revealed the meaningful significant difference for mentioned parameters. The statistical analysis results show that during spring there is a significant positive correlation between low clouds anomaly and 2 m air temperature anomaly rather than other seasons. So, the recent atmospheric changes in the study area as a region located in the Arctic and sub-Arctic can contribute to extra-local and global warming.

The Neglected Protagonist:The Functions of the Role Nick Carraway in The Great Gatsby

In F. Scott Fitzgerald's world famous novel The Great Gatsby, Nicolas"Nick"Carraway is not only a first-person narrator, but also a convincing narrator, an emotion depositor, and a structure organizer. He is the figure of equal weight with Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan, the two conceived protagonists in this book.

The(Pictorial)Construction of Collective Identities in the Third Reich

Collective identities of the Self vs. the Other are not only conveyed in and between cultures through verbal discourse, but also through pictures. Cultural encounters are often comprehended by storytelling, the verbal expression of which has been abundantly studied. Pictorial manifestations of narration, however, have received comparatively less attention. Mostly, narration has been associated with verbal discourses, where, briefl y put, events or situations are temporally ordered. Even though the narrative capacity of pictures has been taken for granted by e.g. art historians, attempts to elucidate the semiotic and cognitive basis of visual narrativity, esp. in static pictures, have been relatively rare(cf. Ranta, 2013).Within cognitive science, narratives are regarded as crucial and fundamental cognitive instruments or tools(e. g. Bruner, 1990; Schank, 1995). As Roger Schank suggests, the identity of(sub-) cultures is to a considerable extent based upon the sharing of narrative structures. According to Schank, culturally shared stories—or stories in general—occur frequently in highly abbreviated form, as "skeleton stories" or "gists", not least in pictorial form. Moreover, in ways that correspond to Schank's account of storytelling and cognition, these may also have implications for conceptions of one's home-culture in relation to an alien-culture. Many pictures and visual artworks have indeed been produced in order to consolidate, modify, and demarcate certain cultural stances.In this paper, I shall focus upon one(and even today highly relevant) example of creating cultural identity, namely the racist confrontation of the "Aryans" vs. the Other(esp. Jews, but also Slavs and Romani) as promoted by National Socialist thinking and politics during the Third Reich in German history. Some concrete pictorial examples indicating these attempts will be discussed and analysed from a narratological and cognitive semiotic perspective.

Traces of the Person： Max Scheler＇s and Paul Ricoeur＇s Attempts on Personal Ethics

To encounter a fellow-being does not mean only to see her face, to notice the color of her eyes, but to meet her eyes and to be addressed by her. Who one is irreducible to any objective property or value, and likewise cannot be comprehended through propositional statements in the manner of ＂talking about ...＂ something. Rather, such comprehension demands an account of giving way to the appearance of the other as other. This account, prominently linked to E. Levinas＇ ＂ethics as first philosophy,＂ has also been developed as phenomenological personalism. While Max Scheler developed his ＂Ethical Personalism＂ within his material Value Ethics, his Philosophy of Fellow-Feeling and in his late Philosophical Anthropology of human spirit, Paul Ricoeur develops his personalism through different approaches： from his early attempts on need and desire as the affective basis of our values to the perspective on the particular way we lead our lives in narratively constituting our personal identity, and finally to his concept of recognition. Reconstructing personalism as a philosophy of discovering the other person in her otherness and as a concept of social practice are the aims of this paper.

The Enterprise of Music Semiotics: Narratological Approaches to Franz Liszt's Symphonic Poems

The semiotics of music involves an interdisciplinary dialogue between linguistics and musicology. The discipline raises questions about whether sounds can be studied as signs and whether music can function as a symbol. If language provides a useful model for musical analysis, music theorists and analysts must demonstrate the way music represents a system of communication and how this communication system functions. Because communication is so closely tied to the status of language as an interpreting system, music analysis based on language has become more and more complex. Semiotics has had a wide influence on music in the twentieth century. Music semioticians have been concerned with defining the "sign" in music, the most basic semiotic term with the least stable meaning. Kofi Agawu has argued that it "falsifies the semiotic enterprise" if one pursues a single and stable definition. Among all of the definitions of signs, the notion of "topic" has proved to be the most useful, allowing analysts to produce a fruitful set of tools in understanding eighteenth and nineteenth-century music. With the aid of the notion of "topic," a reading of the surface of classical music as a historically and socioculturally specific area of expression is made possible.In some cases, the combination of topical sequences allows analysts to construct a simple, preliminary plot for a work. "Plot" in a work refers to a coherent narrative that is offered as an analogy or metaphor. According to Agawu, topical identification enables a comparison of the "content" of different works, and the discovery of works that may have similar plots or narratives. Agawu's account offers a model to illuminate some aspects of Franz Liszt's symphonic poems. My research in this area demonstrates that Liszt generated a unique musical narrative in each work by establishing both a correlation and tension among musical topics, literary programs, and innovative formal structures. It is the correlation and tension among these three layers—topical allusions, supporting texts, and musical form, which constitutes music's ability to narrate a story analogous to the experience of literary narrative.

A Contrastive Perspective on the Narrativeness of English Writings of Chinese and NES Authors

Most studies that contrast EFL writings of Chinese authors with writings of native English speakers （NES） have pinpointed various differences in terms of their organizational and interpersonal propensities. Fewer studies, however, have looked into the types of substance that the authors incorporate into their writings, and this poses the question of whether Chinese and NES authors tend to capitalize on different types of content to flesh out their topics. This paper is concerned with the potential difference between writings of Chinese authors and NES authors in their inclination to include narratives into their writings. For this purpose, a method of quantifying narratives has been proposed that involves the identifying and tallying of ＂events＂, ＂narrative sequences＂ and several other elements of narrative discourse. The writings which were studied and compared were English career autobiographies supplied by 24 Chinese and 21 NES authors. The study has found that the English writings of Chinese authors are significantly more narrative than those of their counterparts.