Effect of nursing intervention on rehabilitation of patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps after nasal endoscopy

BACKGROUND Chronic sinusitis is a kind of chronic suppurative inflammation of the sinus mucosa.Nasal endoscopy is a good method to treat nasal polyps.However postoperative rehabilitation and care should not be neglected.AIM To investigate the Effect of nursing intervention on the rehabilitation of patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps(CSNPS)after nasal endoscopy.METHODS A total of 129 patients with CSNPS hospitalized from February 2017 to February 2019 were studied.Using the digital parity method,we investigated nursing cooperation strategies for endoscopic surgery.The comparison group(64 cases):Surgical nursing was carried out with traditional nursing measures;experimental group(65 cases):Surgical nursing was carried out by traditional nursing countermeasures+comprehensive nursing measures.We compared postoperative recovery rates,nursing satisfaction rates,and nasal cavity ratings between the two groups.RESULTS Experimental group patients with CSNPS had a significantly higher recovery rate(98.46%)compared to the control group(79.69%).This difference was statistically significant(χ2=11.748,P<0.05).Additionally,the satisfaction rate with treatment was also significantly higher in the experimental group(98.46%)compared to the control group(79.69%),with a statistically significant difference(χ2=11.748,P<0.05).Before nursing,there was no significant difference in sinus nasal cavity scores between the experimental group(20.29±7.25 points)and the control group(20.30±7.27 points)(t=0.008,P>0.05).However,after nursing,the sinus nasal cavity score in the experimental group(8.85±3.22 points)was significantly lower than that in the control group(14.99±5.02 points)(t=8.282,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Comprehensive nursing intervention in patients with CSNPS can significantly improve the total recovery rate after endoscopic surgery.

Treatment of primary nasal tuberculosis with anti-tumor necrosis factor immunotherapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary nasal tuberculosis(TB)is a rare form of extrapulmonary TB,particularly in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)immunotherapy.As a result,its diagnosis remains challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old male patient presented to the ear,nose,and throat department with right-sided nasal obstruction and bloody discharge for 1 month.He was diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis and received anti-TNF immunotherapy for 3 years prior to presentation.Biopsy findings revealed chronic granulomatous inammation and a few acid-fast bacilli,suggestive of primary nasal TB.He was referred to our TB management department for treatment with oral anti-TB agents.After 9 months,the nasal lesions had disappeared.No recurrence was noted during follow-up.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of primary nasal TB should be considered in patients receiving TNF antagonists who exhibit thickening and crusting of the nasal septum mucosa or inferior turbinate,particularly when pathological findings suggest granulomatous inflammation.

Nasal congestion caused by long-term retention of a nasal foreign body near the orbit:A case report

BACKGROUND Nasal trauma presents a risk of foreign body invasion into the nasal cavity.However,in the early treatment stage of nasal trauma,patients and doctors are not always aware of possible foreign body invasion,resulting in delayed detection.We describe the case of an adult patient admitted to the hospital due to left nasal congestion accompanied by yellow,purulent,and bloody discharge.CASE SUMMARY Consultation with the patient revealed a history of nasal trauma 30 years prior that did not receive thorough examinations and imaging during treatment,resulting in a glass fragment retained in the nasal cavity adjacent to the orbit.After admission,computerized tomography(CT)confirmed the presence of the foreign body in the patient’s left nasal–maxillary sinus.The nasal foreign body led to symptoms such as chronic sinusitis,nasal polyps,fungal infection,and deviated nasal septum.The foreign body was successfully removed by nasal endoscopy,polypectomy,sinus fungal removal,left middle turbinate conchoplasty,fenestration via the right inferior meatus,nasal endoscopic maxillary sinus cystectomy,and septolplasty.The operation was successful and without any complications.CONCLUSION CT scans should be performed in addition to necessary debridement sutures to avoid possible foreign body invasion during nasal trauma.Surgical planning should be tailored to the patient’s specific situation.The surgical method should be carefully selected,and sufficient preparation should be undertaken before the surgery to avoid possible displacement of the nasal foreign body.

Erratum to "Boeravinone B ameliorates allergic nasal inflammation by modulating the GATA-3/T-bet signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis"

In the article entitled“Boeravinone B ameliorates allergic nasal inflammation by modulating the GATA-3/T-bet signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis”,published on pages 245-252,Issue 6,Volume 14 in Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine,the weight number was misspelled as“18.5 g”on page 246,first line,under 2.2.Animals paragraph.The correct weight should be“(18.5±5)g”.

Postoperative pneumocranium after endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression

Dear Editor,We present the first time,a case of a patient developed cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leak and pneumocranium following optic canal decompression(OCD).INTRODUCTION Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON)impairs visual functions and quality of life.Endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression(ETOCD)is one of the standard treatment strategies for the ITON.During the ETOCD,the optic nerve sheath are usually incised for sufficient decompression of optic nerve after removal of optic canal,which is associated with complications like CSF leakage,ophthalmic artery injury,and optic nerve injury[1].Generally,the mild CSF leak is common and can heal spontaneously using conventional treatment,the severe CSF leak requires surgical repair[2].

Classification and reconstructive algorithm for nasal alar defect in Asians

Background:The nasal alar defect in Asians remains a challenging issue,as do clear classification and algorithm guidance,despite numerous previously described surgical techniques.The aim of this study is to propose a surgical algorithm that addresses the appropriate surgical procedures for different types of nasal alar defects in Asian patients.Methods:A retrospective case note review was conducted on 32 patients with nasal alar defect who underwent reconstruction between 2008 and 2022.Based on careful analysis and our clinical experience,we proposed a classification system for nasal alar defects and presented a reconstructive algorithm.Patient data,including age,sex,diagnosis,surgical options,and complications,were assessed.The extent of surgical scar formation was evaluated using standard photography based on a 4-grade scar scale.Results:Among the 32 patients,there were 20 males and 12 females with nasal alar defects.The predominant cause of trauma in China was industrial factors.The majority of alar defects were classified as type Ⅰ C(n=8,25%),comprising 18 cases(56.2%);there were 5 cases(15.6%)of type Ⅱ defect,7(21.9%)of type Ⅲ defect,and 2(6.3%)of type Ⅳ defect.The most common surgical option was auricular composite graft(n=8,25%),followed by bilobed flap(n=6,18.8%),free auricular composite flap(n=4,12.5%),and primary closure(n=3,9.4%).Satisfactory improvements were observed postoperatively.Conclusion:Factors contributing to classifications were analyzed and defined,providing a framework for the proposed classification system.The reconstructive algorithm offers surgeons appropriate procedures for treating nasal alar defect in Asians.

Classification and a decade-long follow-up of rat bite injuries in the nasal region

Background:Nasal defects due to rat bites are frequently encountered in rural regions of China.In addition to serving as disease vectors,rats can also inflict bite injuries.In this study,we delineated the characteristics of rat bite injuries in the nasal region and discussed the clinical features observed during a 10-year follow-up period.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed hospital records for patients admitted due to rat bites.This study outlines the demographics,clinical features,and follow-up outcomes supported by comprehensive photo documentation of the patients’progress.Results:Twenty-five patients,with a mean age of 29 years,were admitted due to rat bites.Treatment was provided for three distinct types of injuries:nasal tip defect(type Ⅰ),nasal defect(type Ⅱ),and full-thickness nasal defect with loss of surrounding tissues(type Ⅲ).All patients recovered fully.Conclusions:The treatment for rat bites should be based on the wound type.The long-term follow-up outcomes are more favorable when fewer subunits of the nose affected.We recommend early surgical intervention,along with psychological therapy,to prevent interference with growth and development.

Early screening to identify and diagnose primary nasal tuberculosis in patients with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi).While TNFi therapy increases the risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis,primary nasal tuberculosis remains rare due to the protective mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.Risk factors for primary nasal tuberculosis include minimally invasive nasal surgery,diabetes,and human immunodefi ciency virus.Patients with early symptoms such as nasal congestion,rhinorrhea,altered olfaction,epistaxis,or ulceration,and unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and antihistamines should undergo early rhinoscopy,possibly followed by repeated tissue biopsies and acid-fast bacilli culture when necessary.When diagnosis is challenging,it is essential to consider local tuberculosis epidemiology and the efficacy of diagnostic antituberculosis treatment.The preferred method for tuberculosis screening is the Interferon Gamma Release Assay,with a general recommendation for screening at 3 and 6 months after initial treatment and then every six months.However,the optimal frequency is not yet consensus-driven and may be increased in economically viable settings.

Effect of Centipeda Herba Volatile Oil on Allergic Rhinitis by Nasal Sniffing

[Objectives] To explore the efficacy of different concentrations of Centipeda Herba volatile oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) by nasal sniffing and the optimal drug concentration.[Methods] Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into control group, blank group, alcohol treatment group, low concentration group, medium concentration group and high concentration group, with 8 mice in each group. Except for the blank group, each mouse in the other groups was intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of a mixture of 50 μgOVA+5 mg [Al(OH)_(3)] +1 mL of normal saline for 14 d. The allergic rhinitis mouse model was successfully established by intranasal instillation of 5% OVA solution on both sides (20 μL per side, once a day) from the 15 th day after stimulation for 7 d. The blank group was treated with the same amount of saline as above. The volatile oil of Centipeda Herba was obtained by steam distillation and petroleum ether extraction, and then was made into 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% volatile oil of Centipeda Herba with 75% alcohol. The control group was stimulated once every other day with reagent 2 after 7 d of stimulation (maintenance) until the end of treatment. The blank group was treated with 5 mL saline by nasal sniffing for 30 d, twice in the morning and evening, 30 min each time. The alcohol treatment group was treated with 5 mL of 75% alcohol, and the low concentration group, the medium concentration group and the high concentration group were treated with 5 mL of 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% Centipeda Herba volatile oil, respectively. The treatment time was the same as that of the blank group, and the treatment process was carried out in their respective closed contamination boxes. Before and after the treatment, the frequency of sneezing, the frequency of scratching nose, the amount of nasal discharge, activity and other general characteristics of the mice were observed, and the allergic behavior score was carried out. Besides, the IgE content in the serum of the mice was determined, and the eosinophils in the nasal discharge were counted.[Results] The scores of mice before and after treatment showed that there was no significant difference in the alcohol treatment group before and after treatment ( P >0.05), and there was significant difference in the low, medium and high concentration groups before and after treatment ( P <0.05), except that there was no significant difference between the control group and the alcohol treatment group ( P >0.05), and there was significant difference among the other groups ( P <0.05). The levels of IgE and the number of eosinophils in peripheral serum of mice in the control group, alcohol treatment group, low concentration group, medium concentration group and high concentration group were higher than those in the blank group ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05).[Conclusions] Volatile oil of Centipeda Herba can be used to treat allergic rhinitis by nasal sniffing, and 5% volatile oil of Centipeda Herba has the best effect. During the treatment, sneezing and runny nose in mice were reduced. The results showed that nasal sniffing was less irritating to the nasal cavity and not easy to produce discomfort, the utilization rate of drugs was higher than that of traditional therapy, and the volatile oil could be preserved longer than that of traditional Chinese medicine.

Nasal Dermoid Cyst with Sinus Tract Intranasal Bone: A Case Report

Dermoid cysts are benign tumors originating from germ cells, which can form in various locations, including the nasal area in rare cases. They are of unknown exact etiology, but it is suggested that it is due to abnormal tissue migration during early embryonic development. Nasal dermoid cysts albeit rare, can present in various forms such as sinuses, fistulas, or intracranially extending tracts. They can be asymptomatic and incidentally discovered or present with a visible external mass or sinus that is either painful, infected or cosmetically concerning. If nasal dermoid cysts with an intra-nasal bone sinus tract are left untreated, they can lead to life-threatening complications. This report describes the case of a 6-year-old girl with a nasal dermoid cyst connected to a superficial punctum by an intra-nasal tract. She had undergone surgical excision of a nasal swelling previously diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. One year later, she returned to our clinic with a recurrence of the nasal swelling. Imaging tests revealed a nasal dermoid cyst with a tract extending to the nasal tip, without intracranial expansion. The cyst, along with the entire tract, was successfully removed surgically, and the postoperative follow-up indicated no complications. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. This case underscores the significance of considering the dermoid tract in nasal cyst cases and the necessity of its complete removal to prevent recurrence.

西藏地区学龄儿童不同语料下鼻流量特征研究

目的 编制藏语鼻流量测试材料,确定藏语儿童鼻流量正常范围,探究汉、藏语不同语料下西藏地区学龄儿童鼻流量的特征。方法 选择三种语料,包括3句汉语测试句、3句藏语测试材料(分别为鼻腔句、口腔句和口鼻腔句)和3个藏语韵母(/a/、/i/、/u/),测试西藏地区以藏语为母语的50例儿童(7~12岁)发音时的鼻流量。结果 西藏学龄儿童汉、藏语鼻腔句之间鼻流量差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),藏语低于汉语;藏语韵母鼻流量平均值表现为/i/>/u/>/a/;藏语语料的鼻腔句、口腔句、口鼻腔句和藏语韵母/i/在不同性别间鼻流量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 评估西藏地区以藏语为母语和主要交流语言的西藏学龄儿童的鼻流量时,除年龄和性别外,语料的选择也是鼻流量的重要影响因素之一。

基于感知与产出视角的维吾尔语辅音/n/的教学策略探析

本文主要以二语习得理论为基础,采用实验语音学的研究方法,以零基础开始学习的新疆大学维吾尔语专业不同水平(从低年级到高年级)学生为实验对象,进行感知和产出实验的研究。感知实验主要研究实验对象对目标辅音/n/的感知能力,结合知觉同化模型(PAM),分析偏误原因,探索维吾尔语辅音/n/的听力教学策略。产出实验主要通过第二共振峰频率跟舌位的关系,分析实验者在不同元音环境下发辅音/n/的舌位位置,结合有关口语的二语习得理论,探索维吾尔语辅音/n/的口语教学策略。

鼻内镜低温等离子消融术、鼻内镜动力切割术治疗SNIP对外周血炎性标志物影响及与复发的相关性

目的:分析鼻内镜低温等离子消融术联合鼻内镜动力切割术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(SINP)对外周血炎性标志物影响及与复发的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2021年5月~2023年5月成都市第一人民医院收治的60例SINP患者,均接受鼻内镜低温等离子消融术、鼻内镜动力切割术治疗。选取同时期体检者60例(设为对照组),对比对照组及SINP患者术前、术后各时间点的外周血炎性标志物水平变化,通过自制量表收集患者一般资料,记录复发情况,分析影响因素,并进一步分析外周血炎性因子水平与其相关性。结果:对照组及SINP患者术前、术后3d、术后1个月的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)水平相比有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。经单因素分析,TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8、核分裂象数、不典型增生、病程与SINP患者术后复发相关。经Spearman相关性分析可知:SINP患者术后复发与IL-6水平之间无相关性(P>0.05),与TNF-α、CRP、IL-8水平之间呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论:鼻内镜低温等离子消融术联合鼻内镜动力切割术治疗SINP的效果显著,术后复发率低,且外周血炎性标志物与SINP的发生、发展关系密切,可能参与到疾病的复发中,并存在协同作用。

OTAC/NaSal虫状胶束流体微观结构与线性黏弹性

采用流变学、冷冻蚀刻电镜方法,研究了十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(octadecyl trimetryl ammoium chloride,OTAC)阳离子表面活性剂和水杨酸钠(NaSal)体系蠕虫状胶束的形成、线性黏弹性与微观胶束结构.研究结果表明,在OTAC主溶液与NaSal质量比为5:1时,体系形成了最大长度达1μm左右的蠕虫状胶束.当OTAC主溶液质量浓度为1.4%时,以线性虫状胶束为主;当浓度大于2.8%时,胶束开始相互缠结,形成网状结构;当浓度达到4%时,胶束缠结长度l e值达到一个极小值,松弛时间也达到最大值2.86 s,说明此时体系形成了致密的网状结构,并呈现良好的黏弹性.在较低振荡频率时,缠结的虫状胶束符合Maxwell流体特征,但在较高频率区域,OTAC/NaSal蠕虫状胶束表现出了不同于一般聚合物的应力释放机制,随着网状结构的增强,其应力释放机制呈现虫状胶束所特有的"Rouse-like"和"breathing"效应.

Influence of pH Environment on Nasal Absorption of Meptazinol Hydrochloride

Aim To investigate the relationship between pH environment of meptazinolhydrochloride (MEP) and its nasal absorption. Methods In situ nasal peifusion was performed to studythe effect of pH environment on the nasal absorption. Its effect on the transport from nose tobrain was further researched by in vivo experiment. Results In in situ perfusion experiment, thenasal absorption of MEP in basic environment was significantly higher than that in acid condition,but the difference was not observed in in vivo experiment. Conclusion The pH environment ofmeptazinol hydrocloride in formulation cannot be regarded as an important factor influencing nasalabsorption and transport from nose to brain.

Nasal packing材料与传统鼻腔填塞材料治疗顽固性鼻出血的临床比较

目的：比较Nasalpacking（NP）鼻腔填塞材料与传统鼻腔填塞材料对顽固性鼻出血治疗的疗效。方法：制定顽固性鼻出血的诊断标准，并以此标准对312例鼻出血病人随机分为两组，分别用NP材料和传统鼻腔填塞进行止血处理。结果：NP材料在治愈率和好转率上与传统材料有统计学的差异（P＜0.05）。结论：NP材料与传统鼻腔填塞材料对顽固性鼻出血均有良好疗效。而NP材料具有操作简便、病人痛苦、并发症少等特点。可作为治疗顽固性鼻出血的首选填塞材料。

明代医家孙一奎论治鼻病特色探析

对《孙文垣医案》《赤水玄珠》《医旨绪余》中鼻病的病例与论述进行分析,归纳出孙一奎从经气逆乱鼻鼽、鼻渊、鼻衄的因机证治特色。其论鼻鼽,追溯经旨,补叙鼻鼽内外病因;虽系火热司令,亦必先有胃肠氲浊壅遏肺经。其论鼻渊,认为病机在于太阴阳明经气上逆于咽,颃颡不开;太阳阳明经气上逆于脑,薄于頞中;肾不纳气,津液之气循经上逆鼻窍。其论鼻衄,认为病机在于胃经血热,肺气不降;肝经气逆,脾血妄行。孙氏从经气逆乱论治鼻病的学术特色,丰富了中医鼻病因机证治理论,有助于发挥传统中医药治疗五官科疾病的优势。

羊地方性鼻内腺癌研究进展

羊地方性鼻内腺癌是绵羊与山羊的一种传染性、慢性、病毒性肿瘤病,该病病程长,死亡率高,目前没有疫苗可以防控,也没有相关的治疗方法,给养羊业造成了较大的经济损失。而且近年来该病在全球范围内广泛流行,特别是在国内该病有扩大流行的趋势,对该病需要引起足够的重视,因此本文从该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理特征、诊断和防控等方面进行综述,为该病的防控提供参考。

鼻内镜手术联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉疗效及对患者鼻黏膜CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)T细胞分布的影响

目的:探讨鼻内镜手术(FESS)联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)的疗效及对鼻黏膜CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)T细胞分布的影响。方法:选择96例CRSwNP患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(FESS)和观察组(FESS联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂)各48例。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后鼻腔通气功能、鼻黏膜CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)T细胞分布、鼻黏液纤毛清除功能及复发率。结果:对照组无效10例,总有效率79.17%,观察组无效2例,总有效率95.83%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平下降,低于对照组,鼻黏膜功能均优于对照组,CD4^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)较对照组升高,CD8^(+)较对照组下降(均P<0.05)。且观察组患者术后1年内的复发率为4.17%,明显低于对照组的22.92%(χ^(2)=7.207,P<0.05)。结论:鼻内镜手术联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷剂治疗慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉效果较好,且复发率低,能够降低患者的炎性反应,促进黏膜免疫功能修复,提高黏液纤毛清除功能。

泛凋亡在变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜上皮屏障功能损伤中的作用

变应性鼻炎(AR)存在多种致病机制,其中鼻黏膜上皮屏障受损在AR的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,而程序性细胞死亡(PCD)在鼻黏膜上皮细胞损伤中承担关键职责。PCD是一个高度调控的细胞死亡过程。目前,细胞凋亡(apoptosis)、细胞焦亡(pyroptosis)、坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)这三种PCD途径可独立负责PCD的启动、转导和执行。由于不同形式PCD的激活、效应途径可相互交叉,从而最终产生相同或相似的结果,因此提出泛凋亡(PANoptosis)这一概念。本文将对上述几种PCD、泛凋亡的研究进展及其在AR鼻黏膜上皮屏障功能受损中的作用进行综述。