专利的公共政策--以印度首个专利强制许可案为例

2013年德国拜耳公司诉印度拿特科公司一案中,印度知识产权上诉委员会维持了授权拿特科公司的药品强制许可。这是印度首个专利强制许可案,对发展中国家有导向性作用,也将对欧美大型药剂企业的知识产权战略产生巨大影响。本世纪初建立在《多哈健康宣言》《总理事会决议》以及《修订TRIPS协议议定书》基础上的药品强制许可机制,让发展中国家和最不发达国家的民众能够负担起必要的基础药品,一定程度上缓解了这些国家某些公共健康危机。不过,机制建立至今,实际案例还是屈指可数。中国专利法上虽有这一制度,但却从未利用这一公共政策工具颁发过一例强制许可。在财产性权利和生命健康权利发生根本性冲突时,作为一种公共政策工具,专利强制许可可以在医药市场上加以运用。

Recovery of V_2O_5 from Bayer liquor by ion exchange

A new technology was developed to recover V2O5 from Bayer spent liquor by ion exchange.The experimental results show that in the conditions of 105℃ and 0.20-0.25 mass ratios between CaO in lime and Al2O3 in spent liquor, the precipitation rate of vanadium in Bayer liquor is more than 85%.The vanadium-bearing precipitation is leached by NaHCO3 solution.The leaching rate of vanadium can reach 85% in the conditions of 95℃, 40 g·L-1 of NaHCO3 concentration, and ventilating of CO2.The 201 × 7 type of resin has good adsorption effect on vanadium in the leaching solution.The adsorption rate is more than 94% with the flow rate of 0.09 mL·min-1·g-1 of leaching solution and the temperature of 40-50℃.By using 3 mol·L-1 of NaOH to desorb the saturated resin after adsorption at 40-50℃, a solution with more than 5 g·L-1 of V2O5 can be obtained.After roasting ammonium metavanadate that precipitates from the desorption solution when NH4Cl is added at the temperature of 500-550℃ for 2 h, V2O5 with more than 99% of purity is obtained.

基于CMOS芯片的彩色图像采集处理系统设计与实现

本文提出了一种基于CMOS芯片MT9V034与DM642的彩色图像采集处理系统,文中介绍了系统的基本原理,在硬件设计方面介绍了CMOS和DM642之间的硬件连接方式,用McBSP实现UART的方法和布局布线注意事项;在软件设计方面着重介绍了Bayer格式数据的双线性插值以及白平衡和颜色矫正处理等,而从得到了真实的彩色图像。该系统实现了彩色图像的实时采集与处理。