Your Excellency President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Dear Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I am very glad to have this op- portunity to attend the fourth Bali Democracy Forum. Today, state leaders and experts from diff...Your Excellency President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Dear Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I am very glad to have this op- portunity to attend the fourth Bali Democracy Forum. Today, state leaders and experts from different countries gather together at Bali, the beautiful ＂Flower Island,＂ to share experience and exchange views of developing democracy, and explore ways to promote the democratic de- velopment of our own countries.展开更多
From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state con...From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction.The Shi'ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu'ama was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s,and was replaced by a new sectarian identity,based on the Shi'ite political organizations and sectarian militias.This new Lebanese Shi'ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position,and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.展开更多
文摘Your Excellency President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Dear Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I am very glad to have this op- portunity to attend the fourth Bali Democracy Forum. Today, state leaders and experts from different countries gather together at Bali, the beautiful ＂Flower Island,＂ to share experience and exchange views of developing democracy, and explore ways to promote the democratic de- velopment of our own countries.
文摘From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction.The Shi'ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu'ama was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s,and was replaced by a new sectarian identity,based on the Shi'ite political organizations and sectarian militias.This new Lebanese Shi'ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position,and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.
