The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Intellectual Property Protection and High-quality Development of Cotton Industry in Xinjiang

This paper firstly introduces the general situation of cotton planting areas in China and cotton industry in Xinjiang,and the current situation of intellectual property protection of Xinjiang's cotton industry.Then,it analyzes the main problems in its intellectual property protection and high-quality development.On this basis,it comes up with the recommendations for high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.The recommendations include improving the level of creation of creative intellectual property rights,building an intellectual property rule system in the entire cotton industry chain in Xinjiang,building protected zones for production of major high quality agricultural product cotton,establishing a demonstration zone to undertake the transfer of the domestic cotton textile and garment industry,undertaking education on the sense of community for the Chinese nation in response to the Xinjiang cotton incident,and developing the"Belt and Road"blue market for Xinjiang cotton and its products.

国家高新区技术创新是否驱动了地方数字经济发展?--基于创新扩散机制的实证分析

基于2012—2020年《中国城市统计年鉴》《中国火炬统计年鉴》、北京大学企业大数据库、国泰安数据库等数据,实证检验了中国国家高新区的技术创新对其所在城市数字经济发展水平的促进作用,进一步检验了高新区技术创新扩散的具体作用机制。研究发现:国家高新区的技术创新与本地数字经济发展水平有显著的正向关系,而这种积极效果的产生机理,包括促进地方数字经济产品创新和提升企业利用数字技术水平。但机制检验模型的回归结果显示,国家高新区对数字技术应用规模的显著促进作用仅限于高新区内部,对外部企业利用数字技术的影响甚微,这意味着国家高新区对地方数字经济市场需求的拉动力比较有限。

国家自主创新示范区设立与服务贸易高质量发展

自主创新是实现企业高质量发展、提升国际竞争力的必由之路。基于1997—2021年中国省级数据,使用合成控制法和双重差分法实证分析了国家自主创新示范区设立对服务贸易高质量发展的影响及其机制。研究发现,国家自主创新示范区设立能显著促进服务贸易高质量发展,且通过技术创新和产业结构升级促进了服务贸易高质量发展。异质性分析发现,相较于中西部地区,国家自主创新示范区设立对服务贸易高质量发展的促进作用在东部地区更大。因此,中国应继续鼓励国家自主创新示范区扩围发展,加快科技成果转化,中西部地区要大力发展科技服务业,以促进服务贸易高质量发展。

国家数字经济创新发展试验区设立的创新效应:基于供给侧与需求侧双重视角

将国家数字经济创新发展试验区作为一项准自然实验,以2016—2021年A股上市公司为研究对象,采用双重差分法考察试验区设立的创新效应。结果表明:第一,试验区设立能促进企业创新,各试点政策的创新效应从大到小依次为:创新型城市建设、国家数字经济创新发展试验区、智慧城市创建、国家级大数据综合试验区、宽带中国示范城市;第二,试验区设立通过降低交易成本、集聚人才资源、促进知识产权保护、推动数字化转型,进而激励企业创新;第三,试验区设立对企业创新的促进作用在非国有企业、高新技术企业、在位企业中更显著,且相比于渐进式创新,试验区设立对突破式创新的影响更显著。此外,试验区设立对毗邻城市企业创新有正向扩散效应,对经济发展水平相似城市的企业创新有负向虹吸效应。

国家级经济开发区如何促进共同富裕:理论机制和经验证据

本文构建共同富裕的综合评价指标体系,利用2002-2020年268个地级市的面板数据,对各地区历年的共同富裕水平进行测度;在理论分析的基础上,利用双重差分模型探究国家级经济开发区的设立对地区共同富裕水平的影响及其异质性。研究发现:(1)国家级经开区设立能够显著提升区域共同富裕水平,这一结论经过一系列统计检验仍成立;但同时,经开区的设立对区域共同度影响显著而对富裕度影响不显著。(2)异质性检验表明,国家级经开区设立对区域共同富裕影响具有区域和空间尺度异质性。(3)国家级经开区主要通过推动产业结构调整、促进产业结构升级促进共同富裕发展。本文研究不仅拓展了国家级经开区设立的多重效应,也为促进共同富裕发展提供新的切入点,还为国家级经开区的进一步完善提供了决策依据。

国家数字经济创新发展试验区对民营企业合作创新的影响

数字经济的发展需要数字技术支撑,数字技术水平的提升源于创新。为集合创新人才和资源,推动企业数字化转型与融合创新,2019年10月,国家数字经济创新发展试验区建设正式启动。民营经济是我国推动供给侧结构性改革、经济高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系的重要组成部分,民营企业是民营经济的重要载体,是我国大众创业、万众创新的主力军。但多数民营企业规模偏小,资金、技术、人才相对匮乏,独立自主创新能力较弱,而合作创新能有效降低研发创新中的风险和成本,切实提升民营企业特别是中小民营企业创新成效。运用倾向得分匹配法和双重差分模型,基于2015—2022年我国上市民营企业数据,以国家数字经济创新发展试验区设立为准自然实验,实证分析试验区设立对民营企业合作创新的影响。研究发现,试验区设立对民营企业合作创新具有显著促进作用,且该结论在通过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;企业数字化转型、知识吸收能力在试验区设立对民营企业合作创新的影响中发挥中介作用,即试验区设立通过加快企业数字化转型、提高企业知识吸收能力促进企业合作创新;市场竞争程度、经济开放程度在试验区设立对企业合作创新的影响中发挥调节作用,市场竞争程度、经济开放程度越高,试验区设立对民营企业合作创新的促进作用越强。因此,要鼓励民营企业进行数字化转型与科技人才培养,开展合作创新;要充分发挥试验区辐射示范作用,带动其他地区发展;要综合市场竞争和经济开放情况,因地制宜制定差异化政策,精准施策。

新时代公共文化的创新方向——对公共文化服务体系示范区创新发展政策的考察

公共文化服务体系示范区在推动文化创新发展中具有示范引领的作用。为总结公共文化服务创新发展的新策略,文章采用内容分析法,以21份示范区创新发展政策文本为研究对象,从政策形式、基本原则、主要任务、保障措施及附录等方面进行解读与分析。研究发现:公共文化服务创新发展强调“正确导向”“改革创新”等基本原则;以组织领导和经费支持为关键保障;将细化责任和指标作为配套方案的重点;聚焦以下重点任务:强化供给、提升品质,开放融合、共建共享,创新治理、科学评价,完善设施、优化布局,数字赋能、智慧转型,社会参与、激发活力,保障权益、普惠均衡。

国家重点森林生态功能区产业生态化水平测度与产业-生态的协调发展

以9个国家重点森林生态功能区作为实证研究区域,构建产业化和生态化两个子系统及产业生态化系统发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型、剪刀差模型、耦合度模型、Dagum基尼系数和MGWR模型等方法,从县域尺度测度生态功能区建设12年来产业化水平、生态化水平及产业生态化水平发展变化,分析产业化、生态化两个子系统协调发展水平、发展速度差异及动态演化趋势,剖析影响产业生态化发展因素为产业生态化健康发展提供科学支撑。结果表明:(1)12年间产业生态化呈低水平的小幅上升态势,9个功能区间的最大差距呈先下降后上升的波动发展态势。不同功能区间产业生态化水平及产业化水平、生态化水平差异均较大,不同功能区产业生态化水平发展变化的主要内部动因存在较大差异;产业化水平和生态化水平总体均呈小幅上升态势,产业化总体水平低于生态化水平,9个功能区间的最大差距均呈先下降收敛后上升发散的态势;产业生态化、产业化、生态化水平均表现为前一阶段增长快于后一阶段,且后一阶段增速下滑幅度大。(2)12年间产业化与生态化系统二者协调度实现由初级协调到中级协调的提升,9个功能区间协调水平最大差距呈持续上升发展态势。186个县域样本总体协调水平分布呈以初级、中级协调为主,濒临失调、勉强协调和良好协调县份少的“纺锤”形态;产业化增长速率快于生态化增长速率,产业化与生态化发展速率的剪刀差呈小幅下降态势,产业化与生态化发展间差异逐渐缩小,趋向于共同发展阶段。(3)城镇化率、人口密度、人均城乡居民储蓄存款余额、第三产业增加值/第二产业增加值、财政自给率、城镇居民人均可支配收入、每万人医院和卫生院床位数对产业生态化水平呈正向影响,且城镇化率为影响产业生态化水平的正向主导因素。

入驻国家高新区提升了科技型企业发展质量吗?

实现经济社会高质量发展需要以企业发展质量予以支撑,文章以南京市为例,基于2015一2020年高新技术企业火炬统计数据,探讨了入驻国家高新区对科技型企业发展质量水平有何影响。研究表明:入驻国家高新区能够显著提升科技型企业的发展质量。进行替代变量和使用PSM模型的稳健性检验,证实这一结论依然成立。进一步分析发现,入驻国家高新区对不同类型企业的影响呈现异质性,入驻国家高新区主要提升了较小规模企业、初创期企业的发展质量。但从所有制来看,入驻国家高新区对集体控股、国有控股企业发展质量的促进效果更好。入驻国家高新区是提升科技型企业发展质量的助推剂,应积极发挥国家高新区对企业发展质量水平的促进效应。

长江经济带国家高新区如何实现绿色低碳发展:基于TOE框架的组态研究

基于TOE分析框架探讨多个要素协同影响长江经济带国家高新区绿色低碳绩效的作用机制,并采用fsQCA方法对其绿色低碳发展路径进行组态分析。研究发现:国家高新区绿色低碳绩效受到多个条件变量的共同影响,且存在5条有效驱动路径,分别为政府高度支持下高新技术产业驱动型,政府高度支持下技术与产业驱动型,创新资源集聚下的技术驱动型,政府高度支持下的技术、产业与经济发展共同驱动型,以及创新资源集聚下的技术、产业与开放创新共同驱动型。其中,政府高度支持下的技术、产业与经济发展共同驱动型路径最为普遍,其次是创新资源集聚下的技术、产业与开放创新共同驱动型。产业结构和政府支持是有效促进高新区绿色低碳绩效提升的核心条件。研究拓展了TOE理论研究范畴,为长江经济带国家高新区差异化绿色发展提供科学的决策依据。

人力资本价值存量对创新发展的影响研究——来自深圳国家自主创新示范区的经验证据

一直以来,我国十分重视创新发展进程。通过构建人力资本价值存量和创新发展的测评指标体系,基于深圳国家自主创新示范区(简称“自创区”)2009-2022年的数据,运用指数分析、回归分析和VAR模型研究人力资本价值存量对创新发展的影响。结果显示:(1)深圳自创区科技人力资本价值存量指数增长缓慢,尖端研发人员和技术人才仍有缺口;科技经费和R&D人才投入力度有待加强;(2)深圳自创区人力资本价值存量显著促进创新发展,人力资本价值存量每提高1个单位,创新发展提高1.009个单位;(3)人力资本价值存量3个维度对创新发展及其3个维度的影响效应呈增长趋势,滞后10期时,教育人力资本存量对创新发展的影响最强,为71.653%。基于以上结论提出对策建议,以期促进深圳自创区创新发展水平的进一步提高。

数智化创新政策如何推动企业新质生产力发展

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