Evaluation for Innovation Ability of National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks in Jiangxi Province

Innovative ability is an important indicator for judging the effectiveness of the national agricultural science and technology park construction. Based on the statistical data of four national agricultural science and technology parks built in Jiangxi Province, this paper constructs an evaluation system consisting of three first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and 24 three-level indicators. Based on the combined weighting method, the comprehensive scores of the innovation capabilities of the parks are obtained. It is found that the gap in innovation capability of each park is wide, and the radiation-driven function has not yet appeared. It is necessary to promote the improvement of innovation capabilities by promoting the synergy and innovation of agricultural science and technology in the park, encouraging the park to construct agricultural technology business incubators, and building and improving innovation platforms.

Technological Innovation Characteristics and Capacity Enhancement Ways for the Agricultural Science and Technology Enterprises in Beijing City

From the perspective of innovation mechanism,capital,personnel,achievements and conversion,this study analyzes the current situation of technological innovation in Beijing agricultural science and technology enterprises,and summarizes the characteristics including single financing channel of R&D funds,low conversion rate of innovative products,unbalanced distribution of technology and innovative talents,the underestimated position of enterprises as the main body of technological innovation,the large gap of innovation achievements between developed provinces and Beijing.At last,this study puts forward the ways to improve technological innovation ability in Beijing agricultural science and technology enterprises as follows:developing technological innovation strategies;improving the R&D expenditure and expanding the financing channels;perfecting the mechanism of professional personnel training in agricultural technology innovation;enhancing the level of innovation performance management;establishing and improving the corporate culture of innovation and cultivating technology innovation spirit.

Comparative Research on Sino-US Agricultural Innovation Model in Science and Technology

This research was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of China's and US's agricultural innovation in science and technology and offer some guidance on the construction of agricultural innovation system in science and technology in China. The countermeasures are proposed with a hope to shorten China's and US's gap of agricultural innovation in science and technology by analyzing agricultural innovation model features in science and technology of the United States. The advantages of United States model of agricultural innovation in science and technology include sound legal framework safeguard, complete scientific and technological innovation system, high quality and talented personnel, sufficient technical development and extension funding, and extensive applications of modern agricultural high-tech. There is a gap in agricultural innovation between China and the United States. Agriculture innovation in science and technology in China should improve in several aspects such as agricultural legislation, construction of sound agricultural innovation system in science and technology, building first-class agricultural innovation and extension teams, establishing diversified channels for investment, and improving the applications of high technology in agriculture.

Study on the Factors Influencing the Level of Innovation in Agricultural Science and Technology Projects

This paper carries out a questionnaire survey of persons in charge of the agricultural project in the " Eleventh Five-Year National Support Program" on the level of innovation in projects and the factors influencing innovation. After the linear regression analysis of the survey data,it is found that the factors influencing the innovation in agricultural science and technology projects include the level of innovation in scientific achievements,efficiency of research methods and creation of innovation environment. Through the variance analysis of the level of innovation and its influencing factors related to different innovators,it is found that there are differences in the statistical significance of level of innovation in projects among universities,research institutes,research and extension departments directly under the government,and enterprises; there are no significant differences in the understanding of factors influencing innovation,that is,different innovators basically have the same understanding of factors influencing innovation,but the assessment on level of innovation in projects completed is different to some extent.On this basis,this paper proposes the recommendations for further strengthening the level of innovation in agricultural science and technology projects in order to provide a theoretical reference and practical basis for the project managers to effectively improve the level of agricultural science and technology project management,and enhance the level of innovation in projects.

The Evolution of China’s National Innovation System During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.

Group Innovation Ability of Agricultural Technological Innovation Strategic Alliance

Agricultural technological innovation strategic alliance, as an important form of strategic alliance, has steadily strengthened the collaborative management among organizations and raised competitive power with the backing of improved group innovation ability. This article studies innovation ability from individual innovation ability to the group innovation ability. Firstly, basic connotation of group innovation ability is to be concluded through the comparison of individual and group innovation ability. Secondly, evaluation index system is to be established based on the influencing factors of the group innovation ability of agricultural technological innovation strategic alliance and evaluation is based on three dimensions, namely organization technological innovation ability, alliance collaborative innovation ability as well as innovation environment. Furthermore, basic methods for promoting the group innovation ability of alliance are to be proposed.

A new service model of document and information sharing among consortium members: The collaborative innovation practice of the NSLC and PASs

Purpose： This paper documents an exploration of an innovative approach to the sharing of documents and information among the members of the National Alliance of Academies of Sciences （NAAS） in China, based on the practice initiated by the National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （NSLC）.Design/methodology/approach： Through interviews and user surveys, we analyzed the general information demands of users from provincial academies of sciences （PASs） and problems of their document and information service teams. Based on our findings, we designed targeted services to help Alliance members support their document resources, information services for science and technology （S＆T） decisions, and their knowledge transfer achievements. Furthermore, we offered training courses for provincial service teams, researchers, and administrators, to improve their information skills. These activities represent a new collaborative model for professional library consortia.Findings： To date, our service has been extended to all Alliance members, covering 19 provinces in China, and the NSLC service covers all aspects of knowledge services of Alliance members, from basic document delivery services to subject information analyses.Research limitations： Different PASs have different understandings of the role of the document and information services in the process of scientific research. These differences limit information service sharing of the NSLC with the PASs, and affect the service performance. For the sake of convenience, the original survey was conducted in only three provinces, which may not fully reflect the information needs of users in each Alliance institution. In addition, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been limited by the coverage of the sample.Practical implications： Document and information sharing has not only taken advantage of the NSLC knowledge service system and cooperation model, it has also enhanced the range of services of the NAAS in China.Originality/value： Based on knowledge service enhancements, the NAAS in China has formed a new kind of library consortium, which has broken the traditional library alliance model that was based mainly on the sharing of resources and services.

基于历史唯物主义视域的新质生产力:内涵、形成条件与有效路径

习近平总书记提出新质生产力这一概念,不仅对东北全面振兴具有重要指导意义,对我国实现经济高质量发展和中国式现代化也具有重大战略意义。新质生产力是由于生产力构成要素的质的不断提升而呈现出来的更为先进的生产力形式。新质生产力在本质上属于马克思主义的生产力范畴,具有实践性、全面性、发展性的性质。新质生产力外显于生产力的构成要素上,这些构成要素质量的提升即“劳动者”素质的持续提升、劳动资料的改进与广泛应用、劳动对象的不断扩张、科学技术的突飞猛进、管理水平的显著提升等,形成了孕育新质生产力的条件。依据新质生产力的形成条件,新质生产力的形成路径主要有:一是通过提升教育质量、培育世界一流企业、促进产业发展以培育高质量的“劳动者”;二是深入实施创新驱动发展战略以提升劳动资料及科学技术这两个要素的质量;三是建设超大规模的全国统一大市场以实现劳动对象的扩展;四是加强党的领导与培育企业家精神以实现企业管理的变革。

中德农业科技创新合作现状、问题及建议

国际农业科技合作不仅为世界各国创新发展积累经验,而且也推动了新知识与新技术的广泛传播和应用,并为经济增长和可持续发展寻找新动能,造福全人类。在中共二十大报告中,将扩大国际科技交流合作与加强国际化科研环境建设作为重点强调内容。德国作为农业科技强国,农业科技在许多领域都处于世界较为领先地位。中国作为世界农业大国,其农业科技发展水平与世界农业强国还存在一定差距。中德两国具有良好的农业科技合作基础,促进和加强两国不同创新主体之间的创新合作,既符合两国国际科技合作战略目标,又有利于共同应对和解决区域性和全球性重大农业挑战问题。为此,首先系统梳理了两国农业科技发展特点及合作基础,在此基础上,着重分析了促进和加强双方在农业科技创新领域合作的现实需求以及现有合作中存在的一些问题,最后,针对上述问题,从项目管理、合作成果考核评价、相关利益方参与度、资助模式以及中德农业科技创新平台功能挖掘等角度提出了双方在农业科技创新领域加强合作的对策建议,以其为两国未来农业科技创新合作机制的深入探索与思考提供借鉴与参考。

基于生产托管服务的农业科技成果转化新模式探析——以安徽颍州农业社会化服务科技创新基地为例

加速农业科技创新成果转化是推进现代农业发展的主要动力,对推动乡村产业振兴具有重要现实意义。系统阐述了目前安徽省农业科技成果转化的主要模式,并综合分析了成果转化过程中存在的成果属性、转化动力、转化机制及农技推广模式等方面的问题。结合新阶段对科技创新和成果转化联动发展以及农业生产托管高质量发展的要求,提出了基于农业社会化服务的农业科技成果转化模式的理论框架,并以安徽颍州农业社会化服务科技创新基地为例,分析了农业生产托管服务在推进科技创新和促进成果高效转化方面的正向作用,阐述了农业科研院所、农技推广系统、托管组织等主体在科技创新与成果转化中的联动协作机制。提出了一条可行的农业科技成果转化新模式——基于生产托管的农业科技成果转化模式,以期为推动农业科技创新成果转化、助力农业新技术推广到位、助推乡村振兴提供参考依据。

数字普惠金融如何赋能乡村产业振兴

厘清数字普惠金融发展赋能乡村产业振兴的作用机制,有助于缓解农村金融资源配置效率不高、金融基础设施不完善和金融服务体系薄弱与日益增长的乡村产业发展需求之间的矛盾。现有文献对数字普惠金融与农村经济现代化做了较为丰富的研究,但是鲜有将其与乡村产业振兴联系起来进行理论与实证的研究。本文从乡村产业生产、乡村产业延伸、乡村产业功能和乡村产业支撑四个维度构建我国乡村产业振兴水平评价指标体系,并多维度实证检验了数字普惠金融对乡村产业振兴的影响。主要有三点发现:一是数字普惠金融发展对乡村产业振兴水平和乡村产业振兴速度均具有显著的正向促进作用;二是数字普惠金融发展覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度对乡村产业振兴的边际效应呈现明显差异;三是数字普惠金融不仅可以直接缓解经营主体约束和激活市场活力促进乡村产业振兴,还可以通过农业科技创新、乡村产业融合和农业全要素生产率间接影响乡村产业振兴。

加快形成赋能农业科技创新的金融体系

论文主要探讨了农业科技创新对中国实现农业现代化和农业强国建设的重要性。通过分析国内外成功经验,提出加强金融支持农业科技创新的策略,旨在提升中国农业的质量和国际竞争力。农业科技创新是建立现代农业体系的关键,能显著提高生产力和推动农业可持续发展。文章借鉴了美国、德国、荷兰和日本等国在农业科技创新和金融支持方面的成功经验,指出政府主导、产学研紧密结合、法律制度完善及有效金融支持是农业科技创新成功的关键因素。这些国家通过建立强大的研发体系、推进政策支持、实施合作社模式和专业化经营等策略,有效促进了农业科技进步和农业产业的全面发展。科技创新和金融支持是推动中国农业产业转型和实现国家全面现代化的关键,需要政府、企业和金融机构等多方共同努力,营造有利于农业科技创新的环境和体系。中国需精准定位,借鉴国际经验,推进农业强国建设。强化金融对农业科技创新的支持,加快农村金融制度建设。建议通过优化政策、创新保险产品、改进金融服务和深化资本市场改革等措施,为农业科技创新提供金融支持。

乡村振兴战略背景下新农科实践教学基地建设研究

理论与实践相结合的培养模式是应用型人才培养的必由之路,也是新农科建设的内在要求,因此教学实践基地的建设与应用在农学类专业人才培养中起到十分重要的作用。乡村振兴是当前中国农村发展的重要战略,农学教学实践基地作为农学专业教育的重要组成部分,在乡村振兴战略背景下的建设研究具有重要意义。新农科建设对高校农科人才培养提出新标准和新要求,实践教学对新农科人才培养具有重要意义。该文阐述农学专业实践教学基地建设研究的重要意义、现状、问题及发展路径,以期为今后国内涉农高校新农科实践教学基地的科学化、合理化建设及高效利用提供理论指导。

中-美创新体系:演变历程、影响因素及启示

过去几十年,中美两国科技经贸合作共同塑造了“中-美创新体系”。中美创新体系正在经历从“互补型”转向“竞争型”,甚至在部分领域出现“斗争型”倾向。这种转型既有技术革命、数字化转型和地缘政治导致的不稳定“分离”,也有科技发展规律、世界经济结构、市场机制和全球挑战等催生的“双赢”与合作的稳定因素。从技术革命引发的经济周期看,中美创新体系内部围绕科技创新而产生的制度冲突、调整、适应仍将持续。保持中美创新体系的稳定和发展,有利于双方,也有利于全球经济复苏和创新发展。对此,双方应着眼长远,坚持开放、合作、包容等原则,从促进创新主体互动、创新资源开放等方面共同促进体系良性发展。

新时代高校教育、科技、人才一体化布局与科学基金发展策略

在世界新一轮科技产业革命加速演进的背景下,教育、科技、人才“三位一体”统筹布局成为我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性和战略性支撑。高校是科技强国、人才强国、教育强国三大战略的交汇点,科学基金作为促进创新链—产业链—资金链—人才链—学科链深度融合的重要渠道和枢纽,在一体布局下面临新的要求和挑战。文章围绕如何“有力统筹教育、科技、人才工作”的关键问题,明确新时代高校在教育、科技、人才一体布局的定位、内涵和要求,挖掘教育优先、科技自强、人才引领的现实困境与发展前景,以期为科学基金发展提出有针对性的方案和建议。

“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络结构演化及影响因素探究

基于WOS数据库中跨国农业科技论文合著数据,借助社会网络分析法和QAP回归模型,剖析2006—2020年“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络结构演化特征及影响因素。研究发现:(1)“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络整体结构指标均得到了不同程度的优化,且各指标优化速度快于全球农业科技创新合作网络。(2)“一带一路”共建国家和全球国家农业科技创新合作网络去中心化趋势均较明显,多核共存特征更加突出。(3)中国和意大利在合作网络中同时扮演着核心者和中间人角色。(4)合作网络呈现出双向溢出、主受益、“经纪人”3种类型的块集聚特征,亚洲国家是推动农业科技创新合作的主引擎。(5)制度、经济、科研和认知邻近对3个阶段的合作网络都具有显著的正向影响,而空间邻近对合作的阻碍作用逐渐减弱。“一带一路”共建国家应进一步重视跨国农业科技创新合作,明确自身在合作网络中的地位与角色,充分借助网络核心国家的重要作用,加速融入农业科技创新国际合作核心网络.

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新:内在逻辑与实践进路

新型举国体制是传统举国体制在新时代的适应性转型,在国家竞争日益加剧和民族复兴的关键时期,新型举国体制成为发挥中国制度优势、破解关键核心技术难题、实现国家战略任务的重要抓手。如何探索新型举国体制的实现方式,尤其是在国家安全、军民融合等重大战略领域满足国家战略需求,已成为当前亟需回答的重要课题。鉴于此,在深入分析新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新的内在逻辑及创新要素基础上,从组织体系及实现机制两个层面构建新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新的分析框架,并通过对军民协同推进新冠疫苗研发的全景式回顾进行案例探索,揭示新冠疫苗研发的中国经验——以新型举国体制为制度优势,以定位“国家重大战略任务”为前提,在党中央集中统一领导下,发挥军民融合的战略支撑作用,释放社会主义市场经济活力的中国方式。

战略科技力量与大国兴衰的逻辑——以二战后美国科技博弈为例

研究战略科技力量如何影响大国兴衰及其核心逻辑,对于维护国家主权、安全与发展利益具有重大的意义。战略科技力量推动大国力量消长,加剧大国安全困境,打破大国内部权力均衡。基于对美苏、美日、美中科技博弈的历史与现实案例的考察可见,美国通过科技博弈巩固了霸权,延缓了霸权的衰落,但同时也对自身带来科技伦理风险、技术治理难题等挑战。战略科技力量博弈改变大国兴衰的内在规律,一些大国因此更深地陷入美国科技霸权体系,甚至有可能跌落成为次要国家。大国战略科技力量博弈是关乎综合国力、政治制度、科技联盟与创新模式的全方位博弈,竞争制胜需要具备强大的国家综合国力、良好的政策弹性与制度优势、科技“盟友”支持及灵活的科技创新模式。

辽宁省科技成果转化存在的问题及对策研究

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