As an important form of informal finance,commercial credit is widely used among enterprises.Does commercial credit promote the total factor productivity of enterprises?According to the theoretical literature and the r...As an important form of informal finance,commercial credit is widely used among enterprises.Does commercial credit promote the total factor productivity of enterprises?According to the theoretical literature and the reality,using the large sample data of Chinese industrial enterprises,the paper empirically tests the impact of commercial credit on the productivity of enterprises from three aspects:the provision and acquisition of commercial credit and the net commercial credit.The study finds that the provision of commercial credit reduces the productivity level of enterprises;the acquisition of commercial credit fails to promote productivity;while the net commercial credit as a short-term financial buffer for enterprises can alleviate the financing constraints,faced by enterprises,especially private enterprises,which help to increase their productivity levels.In addition,the study found that the higher the marketization process in the region,the more favorable the commercial credit is to the improvement of the production efficiency of private enterprises.展开更多
This paper presents a fast pseudorandom generation algorithm,which is based on the BLAKE hash function and can pass the random test of the NIST（National Institute of Standards and Technology） Statistical Test Suite....This paper presents a fast pseudorandom generation algorithm,which is based on the BLAKE hash function and can pass the random test of the NIST（National Institute of Standards and Technology） Statistical Test Suite.Through theoretical analysis and experimental imitation,our new algorithm is proven to be more secure and efficient than G-SHA1.Simultaneously,we introduce and discuss the BLAKE in detail.Its security shows that can be utilized to generate pseudorandom bit sequences,which the experimental results show the BLAKE hash function has excellent pseudorandomness.Therefore,we believe the BLAKE is one of the most potential candidate algorithms of SHA-3 program.展开更多
More than three decades after its implementation, the family planning policy in China has led to a swiftly aging society with a shrinking young population. Despite the launch of the two-child policy in 2015, there wer...More than three decades after its implementation, the family planning policy in China has led to a swiftly aging society with a shrinking young population. Despite the launch of the two-child policy in 2015, there were 17.23 million births on the Chinese mainland in 2017, a decline of 630,000 over the previous year, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. If this trend continues, a nosedive in births in the coming years will be inevitable.展开更多
基金the financial support from Chinese National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science(Project Title:Research on Trade Credit under Technology Innovation Strategy,Project No.17CJY006)Surface Project of“Social Science Found of Shandong Province”(Project Title:Study on the Mechanism of Informal Finance Promoting Innovation in Shandong Province,Project No.19CJJJ23)Key Project of“Shandong University Humanities and Social Sciences”(Project Title:the Mechanism of Commercial Credit Influencing Technological Innovation:an Empirical Study of Shandong Enterprises,Project No.J17RZ005)。
文摘As an important form of informal finance,commercial credit is widely used among enterprises.Does commercial credit promote the total factor productivity of enterprises?According to the theoretical literature and the reality,using the large sample data of Chinese industrial enterprises,the paper empirically tests the impact of commercial credit on the productivity of enterprises from three aspects:the provision and acquisition of commercial credit and the net commercial credit.The study finds that the provision of commercial credit reduces the productivity level of enterprises;the acquisition of commercial credit fails to promote productivity;while the net commercial credit as a short-term financial buffer for enterprises can alleviate the financing constraints,faced by enterprises,especially private enterprises,which help to increase their productivity levels.In addition,the study found that the higher the marketization process in the region,the more favorable the commercial credit is to the improvement of the production efficiency of private enterprises.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) ( 2007AA01Z411)the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 60673071, 60970115 )
文摘This paper presents a fast pseudorandom generation algorithm,which is based on the BLAKE hash function and can pass the random test of the NIST（National Institute of Standards and Technology） Statistical Test Suite.Through theoretical analysis and experimental imitation,our new algorithm is proven to be more secure and efficient than G-SHA1.Simultaneously,we introduce and discuss the BLAKE in detail.Its security shows that can be utilized to generate pseudorandom bit sequences,which the experimental results show the BLAKE hash function has excellent pseudorandomness.Therefore,we believe the BLAKE is one of the most potential candidate algorithms of SHA-3 program.
文摘More than three decades after its implementation, the family planning policy in China has led to a swiftly aging society with a shrinking young population. Despite the launch of the two-child policy in 2015, there were 17.23 million births on the Chinese mainland in 2017, a decline of 630,000 over the previous year, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. If this trend continues, a nosedive in births in the coming years will be inevitable.
