Satisfaction Evaluation on Tourism Interpretation of Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an

Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the worst evaluation was that on tour guidance and visitor center;the worsen evaluation was that on advice brand,prints,audio-visual products and signboards.The reasons were:the guide quality was low and interpretation content was not scientific;signboards were few in quantity and unreasonable in arrangement;audio-visual products and guideposts were few in species,poor in practical applicability and not exquisite in design;visitor center of the scenic area provided less information services and convenient services.Finally,some suggestions were proposed to perfect tourism interpretation of Cuihuashan National Geopark.

TECC Applied in Geopark for a Case Study of Qixia Planning National Geopark

This paper applied the theory of TECC(Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity) into the case of Qixia Planning National Geopark.We adopt new planning framework to do the planning of TECC。

Study on Location and Size of National Geopark Museums

The museum of national geopark is the base for science education,and the important component of the national geopark.By analyzing some national Geopark Museums,this paper suggests that in order to build a museum which can plays its maximum benefit, the location and size of national geopark

欧洲体育俱乐部现在怎么样了?——Sports Clubs in Europe:A Cross-national Comparative Perspective评介

作为现代体育的发源地,欧洲体育一直以来都是世界各国研究和学习的对象。体育俱乐部作为欧洲体育的根基,被置于研究的中心。Sports Clubs in Europe:A Cross-national Comparative Perspective一书基于标准化的层次分析框架,在比较视阈中系统地介绍了欧洲各国体育俱乐部的发展历史、基本特征、机遇与挑战,呈现出了一些重要的研究成果。基于这些重要的研究成果,得出一些值得国内体育俱乐部研究与实践的启示。

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Residents' WTP for Environmental Protection in Tourist Destination——A Case Study of Yellow River Stone Forest in Jingtai of Gusu Province

On the basis of questionnaire survey,by adopting Contingent Valuation Method,residents' WTP for the protection of Yellow River Hoodoo National Geopark in Longwan Village,Jingtai County of Gansu Province was investigated.The result showed that tourism development had greatly influenced local society,economy and culture.Residents in this area had a strong awareness of all the factors above mentioned and showed a positive attitude.Local residents would definitely like to provide a certain degree of labor or money to promote the development of tourism,which was different from the residents' attitude of developed countries.To some extent,it reflected the characteristics of tourism development in developing countries.However,the result of this paper that demographic among residents had little effect on WTP also differed from previous researches.The improvement of living standard and residents' consciousness of environmental protection were the main reasons affecting residents' WTP.Besides,the amount of payment was also in remarkable correlation with the improvement of living standard and the destruction degree of local ecological environment.

从欧洲历史经验看Nation的形成道路及其成因辨析

在西方社会科学讨论中,"nation"是一个关键术语,但同时也是一个充满争论的概念。Nation主要是基于欧洲特定历史道路和发展经验而总结出的一个概念。结合对欧洲历史经验的分析来看,与其说文化精英所推进的"高文化""文化建构"是nation产生的前提,不如说它是欧洲进入资本主义后,由日益联系紧密的社会生产生活实践所造就的结果。Nation是在社会化大生产基础上,出于维护这种社会化大生产所产生的公共利益的需要,而达成的享有"历史领土"和"主权"的最大利益共同体。

The Theory and Practice of the Interpretation Identification System Designing of Geoparks

In this paper,the author defined the interpretation system of geoparks,studied the designing princeples and methods of the interpretation identification system,including the information,content and appearance. Furthermore,the designing of the interpretation identification system designing of the Hanas National Geopark was conducted as an empirical study,

Multi-designated geoparks face challenges in China’s heritage conservation

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.

Species-specific,pan-European diameter increment models based on data of 2.3 million trees

Background: Over the last decades, many forest simulators have been developed for the forests of individual European countries. The underlying growth models are usually based on national datasets of varying size, obtained from National Forest Inventories or from long-term research plots. Many of these models include country-and location-specific predictors, such as site quality indices that may aggregate climate, soil properties and topography effects. Consequently, it is not sensible to compare such models among countries, and it is often impossible to apply models outside the region or country they were developed for. However, there is a clear need for more generically applicable but still locally accurate and climate sensitive simulators at the European scale, which requires the development of models that are applicable across the European continent. The purpose of this study is to develop tree diameter increment models that are applicable at the European scale, but still locally accurate. We compiled and used a dataset of diameter increment observations of over 2.3 million trees from 10 National Forest Inventories in Europe and a set of 99 potential explanatory variables covering forest structure, weather, climate, soil and nutrient deposition.Results: Diameter increment models are presented for 20 species/species groups. Selection of explanatory variables was done using a combination of forward and backward selection methods. The explained variance ranged from10% to 53% depending on the species. Variables related to forest structure(basal area of the stand and relative size of the tree) contributed most to the explained variance, but environmental variables were important to account for spatial patterns. The type of environmental variables included differed greatly among species.Conclusions: The presented diameter increment models are the first of their kind that are applicable at the European scale. This is an important step towards the development of a new generation of forest development simulators that can be applied at the European scale, but that are sensitive to variations in growing conditions and applicable to a wider range of management systems than before. This allows European scale but detailed analyses concerning topics like CO2 sequestration, wood mobilisation, long term impact of management, etc.

European Governments and Populist Challenge： Towards an Institutional Reform of the EU？

This paper argues that the debate about a possible reform of the EU （or, at least, of the Eurozone） is strictly connected to the role populism plays within the European political systems. In particular, the national governments are inclined to modify the European governance in so far as they perceive the populist movements as a threat for their consensus among the citizens. This interpretation is confirmed by three different approaches emerging in 2010-2015, which are examined in the article： the UK welcomed a part of the populist propaganda and tried to take advantage of it to carry out a radical reform of the EU, re-nationalizing a series of functions; Germany did not focus on the populist rhetoric and defended the current EU model, but recognized the federal goal to which the integration process was addressed; France and Italy, in spite of theoretical divergences about the idea of Europe, shared a strategy meant to defeat populism by strengthening the European institutions and reducing the gap with the citizens. This heterogeneous scenario prevented any agreement on the future of the EU, but the effects of recent events--- such as migrations and terrorism, potential causes of a new populist offensive---might convince the Member States to rethink their positions.

The Margins of European Identity Orthodox Geopolitics in Moldovan Ethnopolitics

This article presents the preliminary results of an ongoing Ph.D. project examining the interrelatedness of competing religious, nationalist and geopolitical projects in the Republic of Moldova. By looking at the local churches＇ public address around key events in recent Moldovan history, it is sought to determine to which degree the local churches are mirroring the positions of the patriarchates and their hosting states. The main hypothesis is that the local churches to a larger extent than recognized in the existing literature are acting independently pursuing their local interests and forming alliances to this end. If this is the case the churches can be expected to phrase the question of national and geopolitical belonging differently from the competing Moldovanist and pan-Romanian narratives as well as the European and Eurasian projects.

The EU-Vietnam Relations Through Promoting European Studies in Vietnam

The Vietnam-Europe relations can be traced back to four centuries ago when the first European missionary arrived in the country. However, this relationship has gone a long history with up and down events, partly because of the misunderstanding and lack of information that influenced much on their cooperation. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the development of European Studies in Vietnam from historical perspective using the first hand information collected in Vietnam, and argued that in order to promote the European Union （EU）-Vietnam relations, European studies must be a priority in policy agenda of both sides. The paper concluded that European studies should be seen as an efficient measure to attract more and more students, and through which to promote image and understanding among people, and believed that there will be no doubt about the future of the EU-Vietnam relationship.

中国碳市场建设成效与展望(2024)

碳交易通过显性碳定价原则,将排放的负外部效应内部成本化,为处理经济发展与减排关系提供了一种解决方案。截至2023年,全球共28个碳交易体系投入运行,覆盖的温室气体排放量超过全球排放总量的17%,实施区域从发达国家逐步拓展至发展中国家,从欧洲、北美等地逐步拓展至拉美、东亚等地,更多的区域选择将碳市场减排目标与宏观减排目标绑定,并通过不断优化制度提高市场有效性,碳市场影响力逐步提高。2023年中国全国碳市场核算、核查、配额分配、数据管理、自愿减排等制度方法取得重要突破,全年配额成交2.12亿吨,是2022年的4.2倍,成交均价68.15元/吨,较2022年上涨23.24%,较第一个履约周期上涨59.04%。经过两个履约周期的建设,全国碳市场已形成要素完整的全流程制度框架,责任主体分工明确,支撑平台安全运转,碳排放数据质量大幅提高,碳价格发现机制初步形成,碳减排激励约束效果初显,推动碳市场成为中国实现“双碳”战略目标的重要政策工具。下一步全国碳市场将扩大行业覆盖范围,梯次纳入水泥、民航、电解铝、钢铁等行业;优化配额分配方法,适时引入有偿分配机制;调整履约机制,明确结余配额结转规定;出台多项中国核证自愿减排方法学,完善强制减排与自愿减排市场的衔接;加快推进与国际碳市场的连接,促进技术、方法、标准、数据互认互通,协助积极应对欧盟碳边境调节机制。

反思现代西方“神话”历史:“古希腊起源”、霸权意识和回溯式目的论

神话历史是指以解释和维护现实为目标而构建的历史,它往往遮蔽真实的历史。由于存在巨大的可信文字记录断裂期、现实政治的需要和现代西方史学作为民族国家神圣化工具的地位等重要因素,西方史学中存在大量神话历史。西方文明的“古希腊起源”论是现代西方神话历史构架的基石。它并非古已有之,而是出现于17世纪末18世纪初,是随着资本主义发展而形成的新的欧洲文化自我意识在历史中投射的产物。以西欧为中心的资本主义兴起的历史进程,也是欧洲全球霸权形成的过程。新的欧洲文化自我意识在进行自我解释时,同时也是在对欧洲霸权进行解释。新的欧洲文化自我意识渗透着霸权意识。当它投射于历史时,霸权意识形成西方神话历史的五大迷思:西方文明特质论、西方文明内在发展论、西方文明天定命运论、西方文明世界引领论、西方文明使命论。回溯式目的论是西方神话历史谬误产生的重要的认识论根源,它衍生三大方法论错误:以结果做原因,预设西方文明特质;寻找相似性,虚构内在连续性;将历史目的论化、泛道德化。

欧洲法院国家安全情报领域算法规制的经验及其借鉴——以La Quadrature du Net and Others案为例

[目的/意义]La Quadrature du Net and Others案是欧盟法院第一次以判决的形式回应成员国国家安全情报领域算法运用的立法,对其进行研究不仅能够拓展理论研究的视界,也可为我国相关制度的构建提供镜鉴。[方法/过程]采取案例分析法,深入分析欧盟法院国家安全情报领域算法规制的逻辑基点、路径和方法。[结果/结论]该判决对欧洲人权法院及法国均产生重要影响,但无论是传统情报监督路径与方法,还是新兴算法规制路径与方法,均存缺憾。我国在推进国家安全情报领域算法运用的同时,要对其基本权利干预性有充分认识,应通过立法强化国家安全情报领域算法运用的规制。

科技安全背景下美欧出口管制政策机制的演变与启示

[研究目的]美欧运用出口管制措施开展科技封锁和经济制裁,给全球发展带来深远影响,分析其政策机制对中国维护科技安全具有现实意义。[研究方法]通过文献调研与内容分析,对美欧两用物项出口管制法律法规、组织架构、管制清单、情报支撑、动因、执行进行梳理比较。[研究结论]美欧出口管制存在异同点,不同主要表现为美国管制法规修订补充更为频繁且出台了针对中国的相关政策、管辖范围更广泛且将国家安全扩大到经济、技术全球领先地位,而欧盟则扩大到对侵犯人权的全面管制;欧盟的两用品出口管制涉及各成员国,管理协调难度更大,成立了专门的协调小组,而美国采取了类似联席会议协商的决策机制;美国的出口管制清单更详细全面且更新频率较高,尤其是实体清单;出口管制的政治、军事、经济、科技动因以及执行中的投资审查、海关监管、安全监测等相关配套工具有所不同,对华出口管制存在分歧。最后,从关键领域战略准备、出口管制体系优化、科技安全情报体系、国际交流合作方面提出中国应对出口管制、维护科技安全的启示。

巴彦淖尔国家地质公园汉代黄河古河道与临戎古城位置的考证

黄河流域古河道的变迁对文化遗址形成的影响,是黄河文化研究的重要科学问题之一。内蒙古巴彦淖尔国家地质公园位于黄河中上游的河套盆地,公园内汉代临戎古城遗址的位置一直存在争论,确定黄河古河道与其相对位置关系是关键。通过对临戎古城遗址周边10 km范围进行网格化槽型钻取心,利用钻孔数据构建三维粒度属性模型与沉积结构模型,对隐伏的古河道位置进行了较为精准地确定;并通过钻孔岩心沉积相分析与年代学测试,对古河道的沉积结构与年代进行了验证。结果表明,临戎古城遗址西3 km处存在(2.39±0.24) ka~(1.36±0.05) Cal ka BP的黄河古河道,自南向北流经临戎城西。以此确定的黄河与朔方郡各属县治城的相对位置符合史料的记载。本研究从沉积学角度为巴彦淖尔国家地质公园临戎古城遗址位置的考证提供了地质科学依据。

科技强国数据政策发展趋势及其对我国的启示

[目的/意义]数字经济时代数据成为战略性生产要素,数据政策迭代发展成为主要国家促进科技创新、提升竞争力的关键举措。分析比较各国数据政策的发展趋势和特点,能够为完善我国数据治理体系与提升数据治理能力提供借鉴。[方法/过程]本文通过网络调研法收集科技强国的国家数据战略与核心数据政策集,结合重要智库相关报告,分析各国数据政策的发展历时演变和趋势特征。[结果/结论]研究发现,科技强国的数据政策呈现出5个趋势:加快升级国家数据战略;设立专职数据治理部门;监督数据政策落实;重视跨境数据治理竞争;将价值观嵌入数据治理规则。本文在总结各国数据政策发展演变和趋势特点的基础上,剖析我国数据政策的薄弱点并提出5条政策建议:提出并实施“数据强国”建设国家战略;系统完善国家数据管理机制;统筹数据创新研发资助,加快落实数据监管标准机制;实施主动式数据生产战略以扩大国家战略数据资产;积极参与全球数据治理体系,发挥全球数据治理领导力。

自然保护地生态旅游开发路径——以赤水丹霞国家地质公园为例

生态旅游以保护生态环境为前提,强调旅游与自然的和谐共生,为游客提供独特的旅游体验。赤水丹霞国家地质公园主要以丹霞地貌为主,拥有丰富的自然资源和独特的地质景观,具有巨大的生态旅游开发潜力。以自然保护地优化整合为契机,并以国家公园建设为导向,探讨赤水丹霞国家地质公园生态旅游开发的路径,以期为当地旅游业的可持续发展提供参考。

国家图书馆藏海外上海研究之欧洲小语种图书调查探析

2022年,中国国家图书馆海外中国问题研究资料中心对馆藏海外上海研究之欧洲小语种图书开展调查,并从年代、语种、分类3个维度进行统计分析,较好地拓展了海外上海研究的认知,引发对上海历史文化研究的史料价值、理论依据、支撑作用和借鉴意义的思考。文章提出在更广范围内开展专题文献调研,发挥海外中国学研究的史料价值,倡导建立调查研究的协作机制和激励机制等建议。本次调查,梳理并完善了上海城市发展与历史文化、社会进步、国家战略之间的关系,丰富了对推动中华文化传承与发展、促进中外交流与合作的认识,亦进一步显示,作为中国国家图书馆,其馆藏建设的不可或缺性、基础业务工作的重要性及其社会责任。