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A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic:implications and policy recommendations 被引量:82
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作者 Jianyin Qiu Bin Shen +3 位作者 Min Zhao Zhen Wang Bin Xie Yifeng Xu 《General Psychiatry》 CSCD 2020年第2期61-63,共3页
The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quaran... The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. 展开更多
关键词 nationwide policy SURVEY
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A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations 被引量:30
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作者 Jianyin Qiu Bin Shen +3 位作者 Min Zhao Zhen Wang Bin Xie Yifeng Xu 《General Psychiatry》 CSCD 2020年第1期60-62,共3页
The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quaran... The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic emerged in Wuhan,China,spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020.The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives.It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems,such as panic disorder,anxiety and depression.This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. 展开更多
关键词 nationwide policy SURVEY
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Tackling China’s Pension Fund Payment Crisis:Will the “Two-Child Policy” Be the Answer?——An example with the basic pension insurance program for urban employees
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作者 曾益 虞斌 《China Economist》 2015年第5期20-36,共17页
Based on the reality that 29 Chinese provinces have already implemented the policy allowing a couple to raise a second child if either parent is an only child, this paper provides an empirical study on the effect of t... Based on the reality that 29 Chinese provinces have already implemented the policy allowing a couple to raise a second child if either parent is an only child, this paper provides an empirical study on the effect of this policy on the financial status of the social pooling fund of basic pension insurance for urban employees. Our study suggests the followings. First, under the previous unchanged family planning policy, current deficits and cumulative deficits will occur in the social pooling fund in the year 2047 and 2063 respectively. Second, if lO% to 50% of qualified couples choose to raise a second child, the financial status of the social pooling fund will improve; relative to the previous unchanged family planning policy, the contribution ratio can decrease from 20% to the range between 18.06% and 19.57% without causing any changes to the original financial status of income and expenditure. Third, if the percentage of couples choosing to raise a second child rises to 60% to 100%, the contribution ratio can even decrease to the range between 16.55% and 17. 7% without causing any changes to the financial status as under the previous unchanged family planning policy. The above conclusions have all passed the sensitivity test. Therefore, the "two-child policy" for qualified couples is favorable to alleviating the payment pressures of pension insurance but the policy effectiveness is subject to fertility desire and the intensity of government implementation. 展开更多
关键词 "two-child policy" pension insurance fund payment crisis actuarial models policy simulation
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Seizures Related to Two-child Policy:A Case Report
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作者 SONG Xiao-yan LIU Xiao-yan +3 位作者 LI Guo SUNWen zhe ZHU Zhou ZHU Sui-qiang 《神经损伤与功能重建》 2020年第5期249-251,共3页
From 1979 to 2012,the Chinese government implemented the one-child policy to control population growth.In 2013,families in which either parent was the only one child were allowed to apply for a second child.In 2016,Ch... From 1979 to 2012,the Chinese government implemented the one-child policy to control population growth.In 2013,families in which either parent was the only one child were allowed to apply for a second child.In 2016,China’s universal two-child policy was finally imposed.As such,many children who had always been the center of their family’s universe due to the unique family structure stemming from the one-child policy era became elder siblings during their adolescence.We report a case of a 9-year-old girl who developed seizures after the birth of her younger sister.The combination of clinical observation,laboratory examinations,and video-electroencephalography was not enough to make a confident diagnosis of epilepsy initially.Given her patient history and follow-up investigation,we speculated the two-child policy was related to her seizures.To our knowledge,this is the first report of seizures strongly related to the two-child policy. 展开更多
关键词 SEIZURE two-child policy EPILEPSY psychogenic nonepileptic seizures(PNES)
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The Influence of the Two-child Policy on Urbanization in China
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作者 Kaiyong Wang Hu Yu 《Journal of Geographical Research》 2018年第1期32-42,共11页
Family planning has been China's basic national policy since 1980, but it changed from a onechild policy to a two-child policy at the end of 2015 as which will further stimulate the rapid growth of China's pop... Family planning has been China's basic national policy since 1980, but it changed from a onechild policy to a two-child policy at the end of 2015 as which will further stimulate the rapid growth of China's population and have a profound impact on the population structure and land use in China. Based on the forecast of total population change in national and provincial dimensions after the two -child policy, the paper forecasted the spatial pattern of China's population and provincial differentiation over the next 15 years, and discussed the far-reaching impact on the future urban and rural land use and planning. Conclusions as follows: the two-child policy will achieve rapid population growth in the next 5 years, then there will be a stable growth phase;the peak of China's population increase will occur in 2030 with a total population of about 1.55 billion people, which will continue the regional differentiation of urbanization, and urbanization level in southeastern region will remain generally higher than that of the northwest. In addition, population growth brings new demands in urban and rural construction land, therefore, more intensive use of land will be the inevitable choice for the future development for China. 展开更多
关键词 two-child policy Population Pattern Urban and RURAL LAND use URBANIZATION China
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Study on the Influence of the the Universal Two-childPolicy on China's Pension Payment
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作者 YANG Li 《International English Education Research》 2018年第4期74-75,共2页
In the face of the continuous decline in the birth rate and the aging of the peak of aging, following the implementation of the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively De... In the face of the continuous decline in the birth rate and the aging of the peak of aging, following the implementation of the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues" adopted by the Filth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 15, 2013, the party is the only child. Female couples can have a policy of giving birth to two children. On October 29, 2015, China introduced the "two-child policy", completely replacing the "one-child policy" that has been implemented in China for more than 30 years. The "two-child comprehensive" can alleviate the unfavorable population trend that plagues China's social security system to a certain extent. Optimize the age structure of the population and increase the supply of labor. However, for a long time, the financial distress and management dilemma faced by China's pension payment still exist, and the loose population birth policy will have a great impact on reducing pension payment, and will gradually appear in the policy implementation. This article combines the "comprehensive two-child" policy, focusing on the role of the new population birth policy to alleviate the pressure on China's pension. 展开更多
关键词 Fertility policy adjustment two-child policy PENSION
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A Study of the Universal Two-child Policy’s Impact on China’s Future Population
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作者 Zhai Zhenwu Li Long Chen Jiaju 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2016年第2期100-115,共16页
The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, t... The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, the country’s total population will peak later, the underage population and its proportion will increase substantially, the working-age population will experience a slower decline, and the aging of China’s population will be eased. However, the drop in the proportion of working-age people over the last 15 years has expedited the reduction of the demographic dividend, the elderly population will remain unaffected over the next 60 years, the aging of the population will continue to deepen, and at the same time, the increased child dependency burden will expand the overall dependency ratio. 展开更多
关键词 the UNIVERSAL two-child policy underage POPULATION working-age POPULATION the aging of the POPULATION family planning DEMOGRAPHIC structure DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND
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The employment impact analysis of Full-scale two-child policy for career women
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作者 GAO Ya 《International English Education Research》 2017年第3期32-34,共3页
With the development of China's childbearing policy changes in recent years, it causes effects to women's social life. Based on the questionnaire survey of influencing factors about professional women's intention o... With the development of China's childbearing policy changes in recent years, it causes effects to women's social life. Based on the questionnaire survey of influencing factors about professional women's intention of second child birth and with two child policy was carry out as the background, summed up the three major factors influencing the working women fertility fertility intention, emotional factors and external security. At the same time using the structural equation model, studies the impact of the influence factors to the career development of working women. The conclusion is that childbearing willing has little effects on the professional women in Shanghai, emotional factors and external security has certain impact on women' s employment. 展开更多
关键词 universal two-child policy Professional Women SEM EMPLOYMENT
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Effects of the New Two-child Policy On Family Old-age Security
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作者 Li Cuiping Jiang Fei Yu Chunyan 《International English Education Research》 2015年第9期60-62,共3页
This paper analyzes the current situation of the aging population and low fertility rate.lt is found that the aging process is accelerated, the population growth potential is decreased, and the elderly dependency rati... This paper analyzes the current situation of the aging population and low fertility rate.lt is found that the aging process is accelerated, the population growth potential is decreased, and the elderly dependency ratio is higher.Secondly, this paper mainly analyzes the impact of the new two-child policy on family pension security from three aspects: population policy, family support and social security.There are two aspects of the effects, the positive effects are:improve fertility, reduce elderly dependency ratio, relieve population aging,enhance the family development: the negative effects are: tremendous pressure on public resources, further inequality in birth right, heavy economic pressure on the family.At last. this paper puts forward the constructive countermeasures against the problems of the policy and the was out of the family old-age security. 展开更多
关键词 The New two-child policy Family Old-age Security Fffect Analysis
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The influence of Chinese population policy change on resources and the environment 被引量:1
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作者 Kaiyong Wang Yuanxi Li Jun Ding 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2016年第4期227-234,共8页
Universal two-child policy has been implemented since the end of 2015 in China.This policy is anticipated to bring a significant increase in the total population,with profound influences on the resources and environme... Universal two-child policy has been implemented since the end of 2015 in China.This policy is anticipated to bring a significant increase in the total population,with profound influences on the resources and environment in the future.This paper analyzes the changing dynamics of urban and rural population,and forecasts urban and rural population from 2016 to 2030 at national and provincial scale using a double log linear regression model.Drawing upon the results of these two predictions,the impact of the population policy change on Chinese resources consumption and environmental pollution are predicted quantitatively.Given the future total population maintains current levels on resources consumption and environmental emission,the additional demand of resources and environment demand for the new population is forecasted and compared against the capacity on supply side.The findings are as follows:after implementing the universal two-child policy,China's grain,energy consumption,domestic water demand,and pollutant emissions are projected to increase at different rates across provinces.To meet the needs arising from future population growth,food and energy self-sufficiency rate will be significantly reduced in the future,while relying more on imports.Stability of the water supply needs to be improved,especially in Beijing,Henan,Jiangsu,Qinghai,and Sichuan where the gap in future domestic water demand is comparatively larger.Environmental protection and associated governing capability are in urgent need of upgrade not least due to the increasing pressure of pollution. 展开更多
关键词 Universal two-child policy population increase water resources grain resources energy demand
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政策协调、不确定性与大型技术系统创新——中国核电技术赶超的案例研究
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作者 陈玲 孙君 付宇航 《公共行政评论》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第3期1-23,195,共24页
后发国家技术赶超需要实现“市场规模”和“技术自主”的双重目标,但现实中这一进程普遍面临技术依赖的“追赶者陷阱”的问题。论文采用个案内过程追踪的研究方法和“政策子系统”的分析视角,基于中国核电50年的技术赶超历程,解释了后... 后发国家技术赶超需要实现“市场规模”和“技术自主”的双重目标,但现实中这一进程普遍面临技术依赖的“追赶者陷阱”的问题。论文采用个案内过程追踪的研究方法和“政策子系统”的分析视角,基于中国核电50年的技术赶超历程,解释了后发国家如何通过政策协调实现大型技术系统的技术赶超。研究发现,大型技术系统的创新绩效与其所在政策子系统的特性密切相关,核电政策子系统具有碎片化的结构和行为目标,需要同步进行政府部门间协调和政府对市场协调,协调机制主要包括国家意志、行政指令、共识信号和市场竞争等。政策协调通过降低大型技术系统中产业主体面临的供需不确定性,解决产业主体专用化投资不足的激励困境。跳出“追赶者陷阱”的关键在于建立国产化率目标硬约束与多种协调机制。研究进一步深化了对技术赶超中政府角色的认识,弥补了已有文献对于大型技术系统产业管理体制研究不足的理论缺口,对新型举国体制下提高系统创新能力有一定的启示。 展开更多
关键词 政策协调 大型技术系统赶超 核电技术 政策子系统 新型举国体制
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我国央地政府全民阅读政策法规比较研究
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作者 郭路颖 黄丽霞 《数字图书馆论坛》 CSSCI 2024年第8期59-71,共13页
开展宏观与中观层面全民阅读政策法规的比较研究,可为我国政策法规体系的完善提供理论支持和实践参考。结合各地全民阅读工作进展,从文本相似度维度对国务院法制办审议通过的《全民阅读促进条例(草案)》和我国12个地区发布的全民阅读政... 开展宏观与中观层面全民阅读政策法规的比较研究,可为我国政策法规体系的完善提供理论支持和实践参考。结合各地全民阅读工作进展,从文本相似度维度对国务院法制办审议通过的《全民阅读促进条例(草案)》和我国12个地区发布的全民阅读政策法规进行比较研究。研究发现:全民阅读设施建设、均衡协调发展、打造阅读品牌等内容在各地区整体关注度较高,呈现各地政策法规耦合性;贵州、吉林、广东、湖北政策法规完整性强;天津、江苏、宁夏注重结合区域特色有的放矢地开展工作,展现各地政策法规的差异性特征。在此基础上,提出加快出台政策法规、完善引导机制、细化阅读标准、融合区域特点、共享区域经验等促进地方全民阅读事业发展的合理化建议。 展开更多
关键词 全民阅读 阅读政策法规 政策比较 政策文本计算 文本相似度
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我国全民健身的工作格局变迁与政策体系演进 被引量:17
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作者 戴志鹏 王岗 《武汉体育学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2017年第11期5-13,共9页
在《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》行动纲领下进一步推动我国全民健身事业发展,梳理全民健身的工作格局变迁与政策体系演进是一个重要理论问题。在社会学、管理学、体育学等学科理论指导下,运用历史学研究方法,探讨了我国全民健... 在《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》行动纲领下进一步推动我国全民健身事业发展,梳理全民健身的工作格局变迁与政策体系演进是一个重要理论问题。在社会学、管理学、体育学等学科理论指导下,运用历史学研究方法,探讨了我国全民健身工作格局的历史变迁脉络与政策体系演进特征。研究认为,我国全民健身的工作格局变迁植根于我国经济社会事业领域的重大变革,体现了党和政府针对体育事业发展的宏观布局,并主导着全民健身政策体系的制定与执行。1995年以来,我国全民健身的工作格局先后经历了建设体育大国、建设体育强国和建设健康中国的历史变迁,全民健身的政策体系也相应地经历了全面启动、跨界整合和深度融合的过程演进,并在价值取向、制定主体和主题内容等方面体现了相应特征。在建设健康中国的工作格局下,全民健身政策体系需要重点关注活动内容生活化、场地设施层次化、组织体系网格化和投资主体多元化问题。 展开更多
关键词 全民健身 政策体系 体育大国 体育强国 健康中国 国家战略
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论中国群众体育政策 被引量:44
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作者 马宣建 《成都体育学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2005年第6期1-7,共7页
研究旨在探讨群众体育及其政策的发展规律和经验,为我国体育发展提供参考。认为:新中国群众体育政策分为理论奠基、受到破坏、恢复和迅速发展3个阶段;中国群众体育政策要点是开展全民健身运动,增强人民体质;群众体育是体育工作的基础和... 研究旨在探讨群众体育及其政策的发展规律和经验,为我国体育发展提供参考。认为:新中国群众体育政策分为理论奠基、受到破坏、恢复和迅速发展3个阶段;中国群众体育政策要点是开展全民健身运动,增强人民体质;群众体育是体育工作的基础和重点;群众体育与竞技体育要协调发展;对不同区域、不同职业、不同年龄、不同人群实行不同政策,分类指导等。建议进一步发展完善我国的群众体育政策,研究制定《全民健身计划条例》等。 展开更多
关键词 群众体育 群众体育政策 体育政策 全民健身计划
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阅读推广法律政策的现状、问题及建议 被引量:10
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作者 裴永刚 《编辑之友》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第8期16-19,共4页
阅读推广以国家法律政策为保障已是共识。文章从国家层面、相关中央文化部门层面、中国图书馆学会层面、各省市层面探讨了目前阅读推广法律政策的现状;分析了阅读推广法律政策制定中存在的问题,如阅读推广未进入法制化轨道、组织领导机... 阅读推广以国家法律政策为保障已是共识。文章从国家层面、相关中央文化部门层面、中国图书馆学会层面、各省市层面探讨了目前阅读推广法律政策的现状;分析了阅读推广法律政策制定中存在的问题,如阅读推广未进入法制化轨道、组织领导机构不明确等;提出了加快阅读推广立法,明确阅读推广组织领导机构,立法保障阅读推广的统一和公平,确保阅读推广经费投入等4项建议。 展开更多
关键词 阅读推广 阅读立法 阅读政策 全民阅读
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家庭支持对职业女性二孩生育决策的影响——基于中山市二孩生育需求调查的实证研究 被引量:16
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作者 梁宏 《南方人口》 CSSCI 2017年第6期14-24,共11页
在"全面二孩"生育政策背景下,本文利用中山市二孩生育需求调查数据,重点考察了家庭的经济支持、照料支持和精神支持对职业女性二孩生育决策的影响。结果显示,当丈夫对家庭经济的贡献较大或者夫妻双方的经济贡献差不多时,职业... 在"全面二孩"生育政策背景下,本文利用中山市二孩生育需求调查数据,重点考察了家庭的经济支持、照料支持和精神支持对职业女性二孩生育决策的影响。结果显示,当丈夫对家庭经济的贡献较大或者夫妻双方的经济贡献差不多时,职业女性生育二孩的可能性相对较高;若生育二孩,家庭成员提供的照料支持、精神支持的可能性越大,职业女性生育二孩的可能性越大;而且,家庭照料支持可获性的增加能够提高所有育龄女性的二孩生育可能性。文章认为,在目前家庭规模不断缩小的情况下,"全面二孩"生育政策政策的有效落实还需要相关配套措施尤其是家庭支持政策的完善。 展开更多
关键词 全面二孩 家庭支持 生育决策 职业女性
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从生育意愿到生育行为:“全面两孩”政策背景下二孩生育决策的影响因素分析 被引量:48
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作者 梁宏 《南方人口》 CSSCI 2018年第2期1-14,共14页
本文在生育意愿到生育行为的理论分析基础上,利用中山市二孩生育需求调查数据,在"全面二孩"生育政策背景下,重点考察了家庭经济基础、母亲生育的机会成本、家庭资源和支持因素对"准生"育龄妇女二孩生育决策的影响... 本文在生育意愿到生育行为的理论分析基础上,利用中山市二孩生育需求调查数据,在"全面二孩"生育政策背景下,重点考察了家庭经济基础、母亲生育的机会成本、家庭资源和支持因素对"准生"育龄妇女二孩生育决策的影响。研究结果显示,二孩生育决策是"准生"育龄妇女基于上述因素综合考虑的理性选择结果;虽不同年龄段、在业情况的"准生"育龄妇女二孩生育决策的影响模式存在差异,但长远来看,经济压力、照料子女压力、女性自身事业上发展压力仍然是二孩生育落实的障碍因素。 展开更多
关键词 全面两孩 二孩生育决策 “准生”育龄妇女 生育机会成本
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支持农村妇女阅读的公共政策研究 被引量:1
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作者 陈辉玲 《情报探索》 2015年第9期17-21,共5页
从社会性别的视角分析农村妇女的阅读需求特点,发现农村妇女阅读缺乏自我意识。认为政府应当帮助农村妇女克服在村民自治竞争中处于劣势的状况,帮助她们参与村级社会自治型阅读服务体系建设,为提高农村妇女整体素质提供制度平台和优质... 从社会性别的视角分析农村妇女的阅读需求特点,发现农村妇女阅读缺乏自我意识。认为政府应当帮助农村妇女克服在村民自治竞争中处于劣势的状况,帮助她们参与村级社会自治型阅读服务体系建设,为提高农村妇女整体素质提供制度平台和优质文化资源;加快出台相关法律政策,促进农村妇女阅读习惯的养成。 展开更多
关键词 公共文化服务 全民阅读 农村妇女阅读 社会性别 公共政策
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混改背景下国企超额雇员对突破式创新的影响 被引量:16
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作者 牛彪 王建新 《北京社会科学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第10期107-117,共11页
利用2011-2020年国有上市公司数据,分析了国企超额雇员对突破式创新的影响。结果发现:国企超额雇员对突破式创新有显著的抑制作用,代理成本和管理层过度自信在其中发挥部分中介效应;混改程度、主业经营稳定性和创新专注度缓解了国企超... 利用2011-2020年国有上市公司数据,分析了国企超额雇员对突破式创新的影响。结果发现:国企超额雇员对突破式创新有显著的抑制作用,代理成本和管理层过度自信在其中发挥部分中介效应;混改程度、主业经营稳定性和创新专注度缓解了国企超额雇员对突破式创新的抑制作用。因此,应深化混合所有制改革,构建和完善驱动国有企业创新发展的多层次治理体系,构建科学合理的人力资源管理体系,把人员冗余转变为人才优势、把人才优势转化为高质量发展动力,以推动国有企业做大做强做优。 展开更多
关键词 超额雇员 政策性负担 突破式创新 混合所有制改革 新型举国体制
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Analysis of the Characteristics of Pregnancy and Delivery before and after Implementation of the Two-child Policy 被引量:34
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作者 Hong-Xia Zhang Yang-Yu Zhao Yong-Qing Wang 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第1期37-42,共6页
Background: After the two-child policy is frilly implemented, new challenges regarding pregnancy management and the treatment of pregnancy complications will arise. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteri... Background: After the two-child policy is frilly implemented, new challenges regarding pregnancy management and the treatment of pregnancy complications will arise. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of pregnancy and delivery before and after the implementation of the two-child policy to make suggestions on the quality assurance of the new era of obstetrics. Methods: In total, 5895 cases of pregnant women who delivered from April 2016 to March 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital served as the study group and 5103 cases of pregnant women who delivered from January to December 2015 served as the control group. The characteristics of pregnancy and delivery were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In the study group, the percentage of pregnant women who were older (over 40 years) (3.6% vs. 2.2%), were multipara (30.3% vs. 17.0%), received irregular prenatal care ( 1.5% vs. 0.9%), were transferred for treatment from a subordinate hospital (4.4% vs. 2.8%), and were not residents of Beijing (3.8% vs. 2.2%), were significantly increased compared with the control group (P 〈 0.05). In the study group, the rate of a hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (6.4% vs. 5.0%), gestational diabetes mellitus (25.3% vs. 23.1%), dangerous placenta previa (3.0% vs. 2.3%), placental implantation (2.4% vs. 1.8%), and severe postpartum hemorrhage (2.8% vs. 1.9%) was significantly increased compared with the control group (P 〈 0.05). In the study group, the cesarean section rate during primipara was significantly reduced compared with the control group (42.0% vs. 44.2%). However, the rate during inultipara was significantly increased compared with the control group (P 〈 0.05). Indications for cesarean section in the study group as well as the percentages of scared uterus and placenta previa were significantly increased compared with the control group (P 〈 0.05). Conclusions: According to the current situation, better methods are needed to strengthen pregnancy and delivery management, reduce the rate of cesarean section, and ensure a positive outcome for mothers and babies. 展开更多
关键词 Cesarean Section Rate Pregnancy Complications two-child policy
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