Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. ...Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. In this paper,WH was selected as the source of natural mordant dyes,and extracted by absolute ethyl alcohol using a soxhlet apparatus. The colorants in WH were extracted and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography( TLC). UV-visible spectrophotometer( UV-VIS),mass spectrometry, chemical identification with chromogenic reaction,and Fourier transform infrared spetroscopy( FTIR) were used to identify the main components of each pigment band. The total metal contents before and after extracting of the WH were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission detector. The WH extracts were then used to dye wool fabric. The dyeing properties of WH extracts with and without metal mordant were investigated and compared. The results show that the main components of WH extracts are pheophytin and phyllins. The major metallic elements identified in WH are magnesium, manganese,zinc,and iron. Samples dyed with WH extracts without metal mordant exhibits high K / S values and good dyeing properties. This study indicates that the WH extracts can be used as a natural mordant dye on wool fabrics directly.展开更多
Stains are applied to impart contrast to the tissue and identify particular features of interest. However, the use of synthetic dyes as staining reagents has been associated with significant human health challenges an...Stains are applied to impart contrast to the tissue and identify particular features of interest. However, the use of synthetic dyes as staining reagents has been associated with significant human health challenges and pollution of the ecosystem. These developments have necessitated a shift towards using natural dyes that are eco-friendlier and readily available. We investigated the staining reaction patterns of teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts and explored their suitability as a cytoplasmic stain in micromorphological assessments. Dye extracts were prepared using acetone, methanol, and ethanol as solvents from air-dried (under shade) teak tree young leaves. The dye extracts were applied as a counterstain and evaluated against eosin in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bovine tissue sections at varying concentrations and different staining times. Teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts produced relatively varying staining intensities of reddish-brown cytoplasmic coloration when used on bovine tissue at different concentrations and staining times comparable to eosin and with blue-purple hematoxylin nuclear stain. The present study showed that Tectona grandis leaf dye extracts provide an excellent cytoplasmic staining pattern and can be used as an alternative counterstain in routine H&E staining techniques.展开更多
Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics ...Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics with natural dyes extracted from almond shells and stems.The developed method of dyeing by these extracts is interesting and very attractive for several reasons:firstly,the extracts used are the black liquor discharged from the industries of delignification,which is a chemical process for removing lignin from agricultural wastes to produce a cellulosic fiber;(ii)these natural dyes are renewable and available in large quantities;(iii)this method is economical;and(iv)lastly,the dyeing performances of the obtained dyed textiles are very promising.The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB coordinates and their fastness properties measured by washing,rubbing,and light.展开更多
In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated w...In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated with different applied voltages(0 kV to 45 kV)was used to treat the surface of silk fabrics.C I Natural Yellow 3 was used to dye untreated and plasma-treated silk fabrics.The physical analysis based on scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of silk fabrics was affected by plasma treatment.The chemical analysis was investigated with x-ray photi>elcctron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the content of C Is decreased with the increasing applied voltage,the content of N Is and O Is increased with the increasing applied voltage.The increasing K/S values represented that the dyeability of silk fabrics was improved after plasma treatment.The color fastness to dry and wet rubbing was decreased after plasma treatment.展开更多
Natural dyes taken from the barks of the tree Caesalpinia sappan has been used in many consumer products.Hence it is imperative to test the toxicity of this dye.In the present study an investigation was conducted to f...Natural dyes taken from the barks of the tree Caesalpinia sappan has been used in many consumer products.Hence it is imperative to test the toxicity of this dye.In the present study an investigation was conducted to find out the toxic effect of aqueous extract of the dye C.sappan in test animal Wister albino rats.Acute oral toxicity showed no clinical signs of toxicity and no mortality even at a dose level of 100–2000 mg/kg in 14 days observation period.When a dose level above 2500 mg/kg was given for 28 days,no death was noticed up to the dose level 5000 mg/kg body weight.The weight of the tested rats was not significantly reduced,when compared with the control group.The organ-body weight ratio of kidney,liver and abdomen did not change when compared to the control group in the observation period.The less toxicity of the dyes of C.sappan.展开更多
The dyeing temperature of natural dye lac red on two kinds of natural protein fibers was studied, and the interaction between dyestuff and fiber was discussed through thermodynamic study and density functional theory ...The dyeing temperature of natural dye lac red on two kinds of natural protein fibers was studied, and the interaction between dyestuff and fiber was discussed through thermodynamic study and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The optimum temperature for lac red dyed silk was 60˚C and wool showed a better response at 90˚C. The thermodynamics study revealed good Nernst isotherm and Freundlich adsorption models respectively, and the lac dye adsorption processes were both spontaneous and exothermic. The potential interaction of Laccaic acid A with the external environment by electrostatic potential and atomic charge distribution was first explored. With molecular simulation, Laccaic acid A and glycine composed 8 stable complexes. Then, typical hydrogen bonds, bond length, and binding energy, etc. were analyzed. The results revealed lac red on silk and wool fabric mainly depended on the weak hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force which determined the low dye fastness.展开更多
The development of eco-friendly shale inhibitors is still an area which has attracted a lot of attention in the drilling industry.Henna extract is a natural dye which has recently shown considerable inhibition and wea...The development of eco-friendly shale inhibitors is still an area which has attracted a lot of attention in the drilling industry.Henna extract is a natural dye which has recently shown considerable inhibition and weak deflocculation properties in clay-water system.This study aims to investigate swelling inhibitive feature and side effects of Henna extract in water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs).It was carried out through extensive experiments including adsorption measurements on shale by batch equilibrium,inhibition evaluation by dynamic linear swelling and cuttings dispersion,wettability alteration via contact angle measurements,compatibility by rheological properties determinations and fluid loss measurements,and lubricity.Both in natural pH and adjusted pH to 9,Linear adsorption model was more suitable for anticipating the adsorption behavior of Henna extract on the given shale sample.The results of the linear swelling and cuttings dispersion tests demonstrated that Henna extract in drilling fluid formulations diminished the swelling and dispersion characteristics of the addressed shale sample.Moreover,contact angle measurements showed that Henna extract expanded the hydrophobicity of shale formations,preventing and promoting water adsorption and shale stability respectively.This issue definitely introduces wettability alteration as a mechanism for shale stability by Henna extract.Compatibility determinations additionally uncovered that Henna extract is compatible with common WBDFs additives.As indicated by the lubricity tests,Henna extract enhanced the lubricity of WBDFs,a finding which can be of an incredible significance in directional drilling.Among others,advantages such as environmental friendliness,low cost,accessibility,and the counter corrosion property make the applicability of Henna extract in WBDFs profoundly suitable.展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2011D10543)
文摘Metallic salts are often added as extra mordant when dyeing the fabrics with natural dyes. Eichhornia crassipes,namely water hyacinth( WH),is an environmentally problematic aquatic weed with high affinity for metals. In this paper,WH was selected as the source of natural mordant dyes,and extracted by absolute ethyl alcohol using a soxhlet apparatus. The colorants in WH were extracted and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography( TLC). UV-visible spectrophotometer( UV-VIS),mass spectrometry, chemical identification with chromogenic reaction,and Fourier transform infrared spetroscopy( FTIR) were used to identify the main components of each pigment band. The total metal contents before and after extracting of the WH were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission detector. The WH extracts were then used to dye wool fabric. The dyeing properties of WH extracts with and without metal mordant were investigated and compared. The results show that the main components of WH extracts are pheophytin and phyllins. The major metallic elements identified in WH are magnesium, manganese,zinc,and iron. Samples dyed with WH extracts without metal mordant exhibits high K / S values and good dyeing properties. This study indicates that the WH extracts can be used as a natural mordant dye on wool fabrics directly.
文摘Stains are applied to impart contrast to the tissue and identify particular features of interest. However, the use of synthetic dyes as staining reagents has been associated with significant human health challenges and pollution of the ecosystem. These developments have necessitated a shift towards using natural dyes that are eco-friendlier and readily available. We investigated the staining reaction patterns of teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts and explored their suitability as a cytoplasmic stain in micromorphological assessments. Dye extracts were prepared using acetone, methanol, and ethanol as solvents from air-dried (under shade) teak tree young leaves. The dye extracts were applied as a counterstain and evaluated against eosin in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bovine tissue sections at varying concentrations and different staining times. Teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts produced relatively varying staining intensities of reddish-brown cytoplasmic coloration when used on bovine tissue at different concentrations and staining times comparable to eosin and with blue-purple hematoxylin nuclear stain. The present study showed that Tectona grandis leaf dye extracts provide an excellent cytoplasmic staining pattern and can be used as an alternative counterstain in routine H&E staining techniques.
文摘Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics with natural dyes extracted from almond shells and stems.The developed method of dyeing by these extracts is interesting and very attractive for several reasons:firstly,the extracts used are the black liquor discharged from the industries of delignification,which is a chemical process for removing lignin from agricultural wastes to produce a cellulosic fiber;(ii)these natural dyes are renewable and available in large quantities;(iii)this method is economical;and(iv)lastly,the dyeing performances of the obtained dyed textiles are very promising.The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB coordinates and their fastness properties measured by washing,rubbing,and light.
文摘In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated with different applied voltages(0 kV to 45 kV)was used to treat the surface of silk fabrics.C I Natural Yellow 3 was used to dye untreated and plasma-treated silk fabrics.The physical analysis based on scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of silk fabrics was affected by plasma treatment.The chemical analysis was investigated with x-ray photi>elcctron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the content of C Is decreased with the increasing applied voltage,the content of N Is and O Is increased with the increasing applied voltage.The increasing K/S values represented that the dyeability of silk fabrics was improved after plasma treatment.The color fastness to dry and wet rubbing was decreased after plasma treatment.
文摘Natural dyes taken from the barks of the tree Caesalpinia sappan has been used in many consumer products.Hence it is imperative to test the toxicity of this dye.In the present study an investigation was conducted to find out the toxic effect of aqueous extract of the dye C.sappan in test animal Wister albino rats.Acute oral toxicity showed no clinical signs of toxicity and no mortality even at a dose level of 100–2000 mg/kg in 14 days observation period.When a dose level above 2500 mg/kg was given for 28 days,no death was noticed up to the dose level 5000 mg/kg body weight.The weight of the tested rats was not significantly reduced,when compared with the control group.The organ-body weight ratio of kidney,liver and abdomen did not change when compared to the control group in the observation period.The less toxicity of the dyes of C.sappan.
文摘The dyeing temperature of natural dye lac red on two kinds of natural protein fibers was studied, and the interaction between dyestuff and fiber was discussed through thermodynamic study and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The optimum temperature for lac red dyed silk was 60˚C and wool showed a better response at 90˚C. The thermodynamics study revealed good Nernst isotherm and Freundlich adsorption models respectively, and the lac dye adsorption processes were both spontaneous and exothermic. The potential interaction of Laccaic acid A with the external environment by electrostatic potential and atomic charge distribution was first explored. With molecular simulation, Laccaic acid A and glycine composed 8 stable complexes. Then, typical hydrogen bonds, bond length, and binding energy, etc. were analyzed. The results revealed lac red on silk and wool fabric mainly depended on the weak hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force which determined the low dye fastness.
基金The authors would like to thank Petroleum University of Technology(PUT)and National Iranian Drilling Company(NIDC)for their laboratory support.
文摘The development of eco-friendly shale inhibitors is still an area which has attracted a lot of attention in the drilling industry.Henna extract is a natural dye which has recently shown considerable inhibition and weak deflocculation properties in clay-water system.This study aims to investigate swelling inhibitive feature and side effects of Henna extract in water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs).It was carried out through extensive experiments including adsorption measurements on shale by batch equilibrium,inhibition evaluation by dynamic linear swelling and cuttings dispersion,wettability alteration via contact angle measurements,compatibility by rheological properties determinations and fluid loss measurements,and lubricity.Both in natural pH and adjusted pH to 9,Linear adsorption model was more suitable for anticipating the adsorption behavior of Henna extract on the given shale sample.The results of the linear swelling and cuttings dispersion tests demonstrated that Henna extract in drilling fluid formulations diminished the swelling and dispersion characteristics of the addressed shale sample.Moreover,contact angle measurements showed that Henna extract expanded the hydrophobicity of shale formations,preventing and promoting water adsorption and shale stability respectively.This issue definitely introduces wettability alteration as a mechanism for shale stability by Henna extract.Compatibility determinations additionally uncovered that Henna extract is compatible with common WBDFs additives.As indicated by the lubricity tests,Henna extract enhanced the lubricity of WBDFs,a finding which can be of an incredible significance in directional drilling.Among others,advantages such as environmental friendliness,low cost,accessibility,and the counter corrosion property make the applicability of Henna extract in WBDFs profoundly suitable.
