Energy Efficiency of a Simulated Synthetic Natural Gas Combined Cycle (SNGCC)

The objective of this investigation is to analyze the impact of the flue gas recirculation (FGR) ratio on the different energy inputs and outputs of a SNGCC power plant as well as its overall efficiency. Simulation results indicate that increasing flue gas recirculation increases the energy consumed by the recirculation compressor and the energy produced by the gas turbine. On the other hand, it decreases the production of energy of the steam turbine and the energy consumed by the pump of the steam cycle. The overall energy efficiency of the SNGCC power plant is highest (41.09%) at a value of 0.20 of the flue gas recirculation. However, the flue gas composition with a FGR ratio of 0.37 is more suitable for effective absorption of carbon dioxide by amine solutions. Based on the low heating value (LHV) of hydrogen, the corresponding overall efficiency of the power plant is 39.18% and the net power output of the plant is 1273 kW for consumption of 97.5 kg/hr. of hydrogen.

Thermodynamic analysis and combined cycle research on recoverable pressure energy in natural gas pipeline

Current research and ways of capturing mechanical energy are discussed in this paper. By the aid of the comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and Aspen simulation tool, the amount of a vailable work that can be produced from capturing the pressure energy has been calculated. Based on the comprehensive thermodynamic analysis, two systems have been proposed to capture pressure energy of natural gas to generate electricity. In this study, the expression of exergy is given which can be used in evaluating purposes. A problem with this multidisciplinary study is the complicated boundary condition. In conclusion, a technical prospect on recoverable natural gas pressure energy has been presented based on total energy system theory.

Process Simulation of a 620 Mw-Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant with Optimum Flue Gas Recirculation

The main objective of this investigation is to obtain an optimum value for the flue gas recirculation ratio in a 620 MW-Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant with a 100% excess air in order to have a composition of the exhaust gas suitable for an effective absorption by amine solutions. To reach this goal, the recirculated flue gas is added to the secondary air (dilution air) used for cooling the turbine. The originality of this work is that the optimum value of a Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) ratio of 0.42 is obtained from the change of the slope related to the effects of flue gas recirculation ratio on the molar percentage of oxygen in the exhaust gas. Compared to the NGCC power plant without flue gas recirculation, the molar percentage of carbon dioxide in the flue gas increases from 5% to 9.2% and the molar percentage of oxygen decreases from 10.9% to 3.5%. Since energy efficiency is the key parameter of energy conversion systems, the impact of the flue gas recirculation on the different energy inputs and outputs and the overall efficiency of the power plant are also investigated. It is found the positive effects of the flue gas recirculation on the electricity produced by the steam turbine generator (STG) are more important than its cooling effects on the power output of the combustion turbine generator (CTG). The flue gas recirculation has no effects on the water pump of the steam cycle and the increase of energy consumed by the compressor of flue gas is compensated by the decrease of energy consumed by the compressor of fresh air. Based on the Low heating value (LHV) of the natural gas, the flue gas recirculation increases the overall efficiency of the power plant by 1.1% from 57.5% from to 58.2%.

An Improved Combined Power System Utilizing Cold Energy of LNG

In order to improve efficiency of a combined power system in which waste heat from exhaust gas could be efficiently recovered and cold energy of liquefied natural gas(LNG) could be fully utilized as well. A system simulation and thermodynamic analysis were carried out,the Kalina cycle was reorganized by changing the concentration of "basic composition",so that a better thermal matching in the heat exchanger could be obtained and the irreversibility of the system was decreased. It was found that the Kalina cycle generally used in the bottom of combined power cycle could also be used to recover the cold energy of LNG. The results show that the exergy efficiency of 42.97% is obtained. Compared with the previous system attained the exergy efficiency of 39.76%,the improved system has a better performance.

Simulation of a NGCC Power Generation Plant for the Production of Electricity from CO2 Emissions Part II: SNGCC Power Plant

The objective of the first part of the investigation was to use Aspen Plus software and the Redlich-Kwong-Soave equation of state in order to simulate an adiabatic methanation reactor for the production of synthetic natural methane (SNG) using 1 kg/hr of carbon dioxide. In this paper, we define the Synthetic Natural Gas Combined Cycle (SNGCC) as a combined cycle power plant where the fuel is synthetic natural gas (SNG) produced by a methanation reactor. The feed of the methanation reactor is the recycled stream of carbon dioxide of a CO2 capture unit treating the flue gas of the SNGCC power plant. The objective of the second part of the investigation is the utilization of Aspen plus software with SRK equation of state for the simulation of the SNGCC power plant. The metallurgical limitation of the gas turbine was fixed at 1300°C in this investigation. For effective absorption by amine solutions, the molar percentage of CO2 in the flue gas should be higher than 10%. Moreover, in order to reduce technical problems linked to oxidative degradation of amine in the CO2 capture plant, the percentage of O2 in the flue gas should also be lower than 5%. To reach this goal, the primary air for combustion has 10% excess air (compared to stoichiometric air) and 37% of the flue gas leaving the SNGCC is recirculated as the secondary air for cooling the turbine. As a result, the concentration of CO2 and O2 of the flue gas entering the CO2 capture unit were respectively equal to 10.2% and 2.01%. The simulation results of the SNGCC power plant indicate that 6.6 MJ of electricity are produced for each kg of carbon dioxide recycled from the CO2 capture unit of the power plant. In other terms, the production of the 24.88 kg/hr of synthetic natural gas (SNG) consumes 62.36 kg/hr of recycled carbon dioxide and 16.4 kg/hr of hydrogen. The SNG produced by the methanation reactor of the power plant generates 114 kW of electricity. It is assumed in this paper that the hydrogen needed for the methanation of carbon dioxide is a product of a catalytic reforming plant that produces gasoline from heavy naphta fraction of an atmospheric distillation unit of crude oil.

天然气联合循环电厂燃烧后CO_(2)捕集一体化技术经济评价

[目的]近年来,天然气发电在我国构建清洁能源体系中扮演着重要角色,预计到2025年“十四五”规划期结束时,中国气电装机容量将会突破150 GW。二氧化碳捕集利用是气电实现“双碳”目标的关键路径之一。[方法]为此,设立1个600 MW等级天然气联合循环发电(NGCC)、1个CO_(2)捕集和压缩(PCC)的综合工厂作为模拟对象。[结果]模拟研究表明:设计CO_(2)全烟气量捕集、90%效率、CO_(2)压缩提纯率为99.5%,燃气发电总出力输出下降了约16.05%,厂用电率增加5.55%,循环冷却水需求增加了约50.52%。[结论]通过经济分析显示,综合工厂的静态投资成本比单一发电厂的成本高54.28%,电力均等化运营成本(LCOE)增加了15.96%,给二氧化碳捕集的部署和发展带来了非常大的困难。但其中天然气价格仍然是影响电厂运营成本的最主要因素。

燃气烟气1000t/a CO_2捕集中试试验研究

我国第1套燃气烟气CO2捕集中试装置成功完成3000h连续试验运行以论证吸收溶剂和工艺过程。试验结果表明：开发的燃气烟气C02捕集系统运行平稳，工艺过程稳定可靠。吸收剂具有效率高、腐蚀降解低、损耗少等特点，溶剂损耗小于0．5kg／t CO2，溶液对316L、304、2205、2507这4种合金材料的腐蚀度均小于I．65×10^-3mm／a。吸收塔尾气污染物排放水平低，其中溶剂排放〈0．17ml/m3，亚硝胺排放〈3μg／m2，未发现硝胺存在。新型的蒸汽加热-闪蒸-机械蒸汽再压缩一体化再生工艺比传统加热再生方式减少蒸汽消耗10％~25％，总再生能耗下降10％～15％。

耦合碳捕集系统的燃气蒸汽联合循环综合性能研究

燃气蒸汽联合循环(natural gas combined cycle,NGCC)具有清洁、高效、部分变负荷能力强等特点,将NGCC机组与碳捕集系统耦合是实现碳减排的重要途径之一。以国际能源署(International Energy Agency,IEA)报告中的884 MW二拖一燃气蒸汽联合循环机组为参考对象,利用Ebsilon软件对其进行建模验证。基于能量梯级利用原则,提出了4个不同的NGCC机组与碳捕集系统耦合方案,分别是抽汽回除氧器、抽汽换热回除氧器,抽汽回凝汽器以及增设小汽机加回热回除氧器。并进一步分析了4种不同耦合方案的热力性能,其能量惩罚分别为6.67%、6.59%、 6.81%和5.46%,得出方案4能有效降低能量惩罚。

Prime Energy Challenges for Operating Power Plants in the GCC

There is a false notion of existing available, abundant, and long lasting fuel energy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries;with continual income return from its exports. This is not true as the sustainability of this income is questionable. Energy problems started to appear, and can be intensified in coming years due to continuous growth of energy demands and consumptions. The demands already consume all produced Natural Gas (NG) in all GCC, except Qatar;and the NG is the needed fuel for Electric Power (EP) production. These countries have to import NG to run their EP plants. Fuel oil production can be locally consumed within two to three decades if the current rate of consumed energy prevails. The returns from selling the oil and natural gas are the main income to most of the GCC. While NG and oil can be used in EP plants, NG is cheaper, cleaner, and has less negative effects on the environment than fuel oil. Moreover, oil has much better usage than being burned in steam generators of steam power plants or combustion chambers of gas turbines. Introducing renewable energy or nuclear energy may be a necessity for the GCC to keep the flow of their main income from exporting oil. This paper reviews the GCC productions and consumptions of the prime energy (fuel oil and NG) and their role in electric power production. The paper shows that, NG should be the only fossil fuel used to run the power plants in the GCC. It also shows that the all GCC except Qatar, have to import NG. They should diversify the prime energy used in power plants;and consider alternative energy such as nuclear and renewable energy, (solar and wind) energy.

二氧化碳捕获与封存技术经济评估

相对于美国与欧洲,台湾天然气价格相对昂贵许多;因此使用燃煤IGCC+CCS在台湾将更具优势.本研究采用IEA参数设定与美国、欧洲及台湾燃料价格,以RETScreen进行技术经济分析,计算2020年IGCC、IGCC+CC(S)与NGCC电厂的上网电价、最适碳价及经济可行的时间.结果显示2020年NGCC上网电价(146.70美元/MWh)高于IGCC+CC电价(111.60美元/MWh)与考虑碳运输与储存成本的IGCC+CCS(127美元/MWh),其代表意义为尽管在没有碳税的前提下,IGCC+CCS在台湾仍较具优势.相比之下,美国因为天然气价格便宜,其IGCC+CCS在2030-2035年才有机会代替NGCC.台湾实证也显示当CO2价格在2020年为60～70USD/t-CO2,IGCC+CC较IGCC加上碳交易划算;当考虑碳运输与储存成本后,CO2价格必须高达90～100USD/t-CO2,IGCC+CCS才划算.本研究建议:1)将CCS技术纳入台湾能源政策的低碳能源选项;2)及早兴建CCS示范电厂;3)发展IGCC+CCS取代NGCC.