Testing of Decision Making Tools for Village Land Use Planning and Natural Resources Management in Kilimanjaro Region

This paper focuses on participatory testing of decision making tools (DMTs) at village level to assist in development of land use plans (LUPs) for sustainable land management (SLM) in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Data were collected using conditional surveys through key informant interviews with the project’s district stakeholders in each district, focused group discussions with selected villagers and participatory mapping of natural resources. Soil health, land degradation, carbon stock, and hydrological conditions were assessed in the seven pilot villages in all seven districts using DMTs as part of testing and validation. Results indicated soils of poor to medium health, and land degradation as portrayed by gullies and wind erosion in lowlands and better in uplands. Carbon and forest disturbance status could not be assessed using one-year data but hydrological analysis revealed that water resources were relatively good in uplands and poor in the lowlands. Challenges with regard to land use include increased gully erosion, decreased stream flow, reduced vegetation cover due to shifting from coffee with tree sheds to annual crops farming, cultivation near water sources, and overgrazing. Empowering the community with decision making tools at village level is essential to ensure that village land uses are planned in a participatory manner for sustainable land and natural resources management in Kilimanjaro and other regions in Tanzania.

Theory and practice of value management and its innovation for natural resources from the perspective of sustainable development

The supreme obstacle for sustainable development of natural resources is the scarecity, bottleneck. So how to promote the sustainable utilizing and increase the using efficiency of natural resources is worth studying. This paper suggests that we should improve the model and means of evaluating method and value management based on th~ theory of natural resource compensation. This paper discusses the User Cost Method based on the microeeonomicaspect which can change the evaluating method for natural resources. From the perspective of value managemen model, we should use the User Cost Method to realize the linkage and integration of micro and macro eompensation for natural resources. Based on the evaluating and aecounting idea User Cost Method, this paper presents a theo. retical framework to harmonize and link micro and macro compensation for natural resources. At present, we should seek the new approach and method to manage natural resources, so can we realize the capitalization managemen focusing on the vahte management for natural resources.

Theoretical discussion and framework design of natural resources balance sheet preparation: Based on double standard goal management

"Decision-making usefulness" and "entrusted performance" are not only the goals to be achieved by natural assets statistics, but also the requirements for the state to implement the resignation of leading cadres for auditing and environmental compensation. After the 18th National Congress was convened, the integration of natural resources and the audit of departing cadres further promoted the development of natural resource balance sheet research. Based on the related theories of the development of natural resource assets, this paper starts with its composition, bases its resources on value-added information transmission, and ecological restoration, combines China's unique natural resources, and discusses the basis for the preparation of China's natural resources balance sheet based on dual objectives, goals and framework design. While investigating the report on natural resources, the new concept of natural assets and liabilities emphasizes the relative independence of assets, namely: economic value and potential ecological benefits; past and contingent liabilities, i.e., due to excessive resources Direct losses brought about by mining and potential ecological costs, remediation costs, and repair costs. Finally, referring to SEEA2012 and combining with the specific conditions of China's natural resources, we will discuss not only the physical measurement but also the value measurement for its framework design, constituent elements, and reporting methods.

Strategies on natural forest protection of collective forest area in minority nationality community in China─A case of the forest resource management in datu village

In the recent 20 years, it is a trend that forest will be distributed to villagers to manage in the world.Also in China, "forestry three determinations" has been carried out since 1980, and many new forestry devolutionshave been put fotward to and come into being. To face the fact of overusing up natural forest to result in the deterioration of ecology environment, the strategy of naturaf forest protection project (NFPP) is raised after the heavyflood in 1998. Now, it i s paid close attention to systematically study to carry Out the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area, especially in the community of minority nationalities. Based on the case of forest resource management in Datu Miao Village, the experience of its forest management in the past is analyzed and the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area are put forward.

Emergency Plan for Water Supply in Consecutive Droughts and Sustainable Water Resources Management in Beijing

Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"（STNWT） project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10;m;.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources.

Indigenous Knowledge of Natural Resource Management and Population Control for Dong Ethnic Group in Guizhou Province

Dong ethnic people have rich indigenous knowledge in terms of their daily life and production, which plays an important role in the sustainable development of their village. This paper aims to understand traditional knowledge of Dong ethnic people in resource management and population control, including traditional resource management, traditional medicinal knowledge and village regulations in Zhanli Village in Southeast Guizhou Province. The research methods include key informant interview, group discussion, participant observation and secondary data collect- ing. The results show that Zhanli villagers try their best to utilize indigenous knowledge to manage the natural resources and keep the stable population to make themselves live in a sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in managing their limited natural resources and keeping the population stable under an excellent condition. Zhanli villagers employ indigenous knowledge to manage natural resources and use local herbs to control the population. Village regulation terms significantly influence villagers’ awareness in resource management and birth control. Women play the chief role in employing indigenous knowledge in weaving as well as medicinal knowledge in birth control, and these kinds of knowledge are passed down through the female line. However, the inheritance style of traditional knowledge is decreasing. Indig- enous knowledge plays an important role in the sustainable development of this village, which gives implications for development practices to involve indigenous knowledge to achieve sustainable development.

Increasing Visitor Knowledge of Park History and Natural Resources via Non-Traditional Recreation: An Exploratory Study of Quicksand Enthusiasts

Sinkers are quicksand enthusiasts that crave the sensation of being trapped in deep mud while being sucked downward. Although humans have been interested in quicksand over the years (particularly through film), there remains a void of research into the meaning and value in the lives of those who engage in a recreational pursuit of quicksand, most notably the community of individuals who self-describe as sinkers. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine if sinking can contribute to a participant’s understanding of history and natural resources at state parks. In order to obtain a better understanding of the effects, a qualitative study was conducted in the summer of 2016 at Stephen C. Foster State Park, a state park adjacent to Okefenokee Swamp. The researchers exercised grounded theory techniques and inductive content analysis to analyze interview data and compile coded text into four main categories: learning, enjoyment, traveling, and economic impact. Findings suggest that participants believed their knowledge of park history and natural resources increased through a recreational pursuit of quicksand.

Conservation and Management of Forest Resources in India: Ancient and Current Perspectives

This paper brings out the issues related to natural resource exists, management and erosion right from the ancient to modern era. The natural resource such as forests and forest products were found as a basic source of survival for living organisms during the initial period. Later, the natural resources started degrading slowly and steadily due to increased human activities. In the beginning, natural resources were the primary assets for the growth of agriculture, industry, urbanization etc. Subsequently, increased anthropogenic activities started degrading the forest cover on a large scale through extending the agricultural land scape and other developmental activities in the country. The importance of traditional knowledge regarding resource conservation, protection of sacred grooves, endangered species etc. started declining in modern India. Innovativeness and policy framework for resource conservation and utilization became unfriendly in addition to gradual decline of community management. The key findings of the study point to major gaps existing such as between line departments and institutions in the promotion and management of forests, human welfare, agriculture, animal husbandry etc. Moreover, people tend to be more inclined towards the utilization of natural resources rather than conservation. From an observational and practical point of view, the natural resource has been declining rapidly in India. Therefore, this study strongly suggests that a due attention be directed towards developing people-friendly and environment friendly conservation strategies.

Property Rights, Institutions and Forest Resources Management in Developing Countries

The objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework stimulating the sustainable management of natural resources in Central Africa. Based on the forest resources, we show how good identification and allocation of property rights strengthen the joint management of forest resources. Cameroon is selected as an example, since the country represents one of the most forest-intense areas in Africa. In doing so, we first evaluate the performance of institutions in fostering sustainable forest management. Second we show how good elaboration and allocation of property rights may contribute to improving efficiency in forest management. Using the New Institutional Economic (NIE) theory we provide an outline of the potential relationships between forest management and property rights allocated to stakeholders involved in forest exploitation. Finally we provide two forms of institutional structures that could improve forest management efficiency: public-private partnership and multi-stakeholder management approaches. Public-private partnerships are joint project management processes operated by both private businesses and public entities in order to combine public prescriptive mechanisms with private operational roles. Multi-stakeholder management approach is also a co-management initiative combining public entities, private actors and local population to increase the involvement of local dwellers living in forest areas in the decision process.

自然资源资产规划:理论内涵、作用机理与编制逻辑

研究目的:界定自然资源资产规划理论内涵,明确规划定位、层级和分类,剖析规划引领自然资源资产价值实现的作用机理,理顺规划编制逻辑。研究方法:理论分析法,实践案例分析法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)自然资源资产规划即以国土空间规划和用途管制为前提,以资产配置高效化、综合利益最大化、所有者收益最优化为根本目标,由不同履职主体对权责范围内自然资源资产保护和使用的目标、方向以及空间时序进行统筹安排的过程。规划定位为国家发展规划体系的专项规划,包括国家、省、市、县四级以及资产规划、专题规划和配置单元规划三类。(2)资产整备、资产配置和资产经营是规划关键策略和抓手,通过规划实施,可推进自然资源资产化、资产资本化、资本交易化、产品服务资金化,实现自然资源资产“存在价值—使用价值—要素价值—交换价值”演化。(3)资产规划编制实践要以“整体管护、整体配置、权责利统一”为根本原则,按照“目标导向+分区调控+策略牵引+协同落实”的逻辑开展。研究结论:自然资源资产规划是引导实现自然资源资产“明晰权利—高质供给—市场配置—价值显化—经营管理—收益分配—系统监督”全链条管理的关键,从资产价值实现视角为国土空间规划做补充,是推进“两统一”协同的重要桥梁,需尽快完善规划体系,深化技术规范研究,统筹开展各层级规划试编工作。

自然资源动态监测网络构建——以江苏省为例

自然资源是人类生产、生活的基本物质基础和空间载体,动态监测自然资源数量、质量、生态变化,系统获取长期、稳定、准确、连续的自然资源监测数据,对自然资源管理决策具有十分重要的科学和现实意义。在对江苏省自然资源监测现状梳理基础上,以管理需求和问题为导向,基于“融合视频物联”的对地观测网络构建技术、“陆海统筹”的地面监测站网构建技术、动态监测监管平台构建技术,构建形成了“天空地海”自然资源动态监测网络,并应用于江苏省“1+6+X”自然资源常规、专项和专题动态监测服务。研究结果表明,研究整合建立的陆海统筹、天地一体、上下协同、信息共享的全省自然资源动态监测网络,及时监测江苏省土地、矿产、森林、水、湿地、海域海岛等自然资源的种类、空间分布、质量、生态等动态变化情况,形成了以“天-空-地-海”协同作业为特征的自然资源全覆盖、全天候、全要素监测能力,实现了自然资源数量-质量-生态一体化监测服务,为支撑自然资源管理“两统一”职责履行、推进自然资源治理体系和治理能力现代化、保障经济高质量发展和生态文明建设奠定了坚实的基础。

基于“资源-资产-资本-资金”转化路径的森林碳汇价值实现机制

森林碳汇价值的实现是全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理机制试点工作中“保值增值”“落实权益”目标实现的重要组成部分。“资源-资产-资本-资金”转化路径是在自然资源资产价值实现困局、“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念、全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理试点要求中产生的,以实现自然资源资产收益为目标的价值实现路径。因森林碳汇具备“资源”“资产”“资本”“资金”的“四资”属性,该研究提出基于“资源-资产-资本-资金”转化的森林碳汇价值实现路径,从“资源-资产-资本-资金”转化路径视角厘清制约森林碳汇价值实现的障碍机理,发现:所有权委托代理机制不明晰的问题阻碍“资源”向“资产”转化,森林碳汇产业发展滞缓的现状遏制“资产”向“资本”转化,市场机制不健全的弊病掣肘“资本”向“资金”转化,最终导致了森林碳汇价值实现进程滞缓问题。基于此,该研究构建了以政府组织为主体的森林资源资产所有权委托代理机制,以森林碳汇产业为主体的森林碳汇产业支持制度,以市场平台为主体的森林碳汇市场交易制度,共同构筑出“资源-资产-资本-资金”转化与所有者权益落实目标双向交叉赋能、协同推进的森林碳汇价值实现多维制度体系,以森林碳汇价值实现为撬动点,对明晰森林资源资产管理权责、推进资产高效配置和保值增值、显化资产所有者收益问题进行了探索,以期为自然资源资产管理制度改革提供新思路。

基于利益相关者的海洋自然保护区管理有效性评价研究

海洋自然保护区管理有效性评价是发现保护区管理问题,分析成因,寻求解决方案和提升管理成效的重要手段。本研究基于利益相关者视角,以广东省两个国家级海洋自然保护区为案例,通过实地考察和半结构访谈,研究分析海洋自然保护区管理有效性。结果表明,我国海洋自然保护区涉及的利益相关者包括政府类、事业单位类、企业类、非政府组织类和居民类等,通过管理有效性评价发现案例保护区存在执法权缺失、人员编制不足、规划协调不够以及保护与渔民生产生活相冲突等问题,需保护区管理者与各利益相关者协同解决。建议完善保护区管理者评价与奖惩机制;将保护区管理指标纳入各级政府考评体系;完善科研机构与保护区科技合作和数据共享机制;促进社区公众等利益主体与保护区形成海洋保护利益共同体。通过推动多种利益主体相互协作,共同提升海洋自然保护区管理有效性。

中国自然资源综合潜力评价指标体系初探

兼顾自然资源统一和分类的行政管理需求,基于资源属性、自然条件及灾害风险等维度评价土地、森林、草原、湿地和水资源5类资源的开发潜力,并在此基础上构建了系统、合理和客观的自然资源综合潜力评价指标体系。结合多源统计数据和遥感数据,对中国省级自然资源综合潜力进行评价,并利用主导因素法进行潜力分区。实证结果表明,西部地区、长江中下游地区和东北地区具有较高的自然资源综合潜力;北京、天津等快速城镇化区域自然资源综合潜力较低,需发挥其经济发展优势。提出的自然资源综合潜力评价指标体系适用于不同尺度区域的自然资源开发潜力评估,并能有效识别地区优势自然资源类型,为地方自然资源管理和主体功能区优化调整提供支撑。

收益系统观视角下的森林碳汇资源资产价值实现机制建构

森林碳汇资源资产价值的实现在全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理机制试点目标实现过程中扮演着重要角色。基于“现状分析—观念提出—理论搭建—制度建构”的思维脉络,对森林碳汇资源资产价值实现问题进行了探索,以期为“落实所有者权益”目标实现提供新的思路。通过森林蓄积量扩展法和市场价值法测算了中国近4次森林资源清查的森林碳汇价值存量,发现我国森林碳汇价值存量具有总量大且持续增长的特征,说明研究森林碳汇价值实现具有重要意义。进一步梳理政府公开资料发现,虽然森林碳汇拥有巨大价值存量,但真正能够转化为收益的价值存量占比较低,各地林区广泛依赖政府财政支出或补贴的方式维持经营管理,因此如何创新森林碳汇价值实现模式、将价值存量最大化转换为资产收益、切实落实森林碳汇资源资产所有者权益是亟待解答的重要问题。凝练马克思辩证唯物主义系统观核心内涵,深入自然资源资产价值实现实践,提出“收益系统观”的研究思路,从全局观、链条观、发展观的视角进行机制设计。“收益系统观”是将自然资源经济价值实现等同于资产收益实现,从收益的获得出发,到“全民共享”目标达到结束,为每一关键节点设计机制要素,以打通收益实现的制度链条,真正实现森林碳汇资源资产经济价值,切实落实收益共享的目标任务。以“收益系统观”视角切入,对森林碳汇资源资产价值实现进行了理论机制搭建,从总体框架、关键环节、保障机制方面充分考虑各部分的需求,初步形成森林碳汇资源资产价值实现机制理论体系。基于搭建出的理论体系,对价值实现机制进行制度建构。对收益获得这一关键环节,提出市场、金融、产业3种收益获得路径,并分别给出制度优化建议;对收益管理这一重要保障,针对收益管理中委托代理方式不明的问题提出“互动完全式”委托代理方式;对收益分配这另一重要保障,提出分配制度要充分体现“全民所有”属性,在收益分配的主客体和主次关系上做出了分析,提出中央、地方、企业、全民之间需进行3次分配,同时建立完善的收益预算和收益使用管理制度以使收益分配更加制度化、规范化、公开化。

长三角一体化高质量发展与自然资源要素保障——适应区域一体化趋势的自然资源管理改革思考

提升自然资源要素保障能力是推动长三角一体化高质量发展的关键一环。文章探讨了长三角一体化高质量发展与自然资源要素保障的理论关系,提出了加强自然资源要素的跨行政区统筹协调的必要性,阐述了长三角一体化高质量发展中自然资源保障能力建设的十个重点领域,包括国土空间规划、国土空间开发、自然资源利用和生态环境保护等,并结合我国现行自然资源管理特征,有针对性地提出了改革创新自然资源管理方式、优化提升自然资源要素保障能力的行动思路和体制机制建设的建议。

遥感在自然资源确权登记中的应用研究

在自然资源确权登记过程中,自然资源调查是其中最基础的一项工作。传统的人工外业调查虽然精度高但是效率低、成本高、难以及时快速进行数据更新,满足不了我国大范围自然资源调查以及动态监测的需求。遥感技术以其独特的优势在自然资源确权登记工作中正被广泛应用。本文通过研究遥感技术在自然资源统一确权登记过程中的具体应用,深入探讨涉及的遥感关键技术和难点,并针对不足之处提出改进建议,保障遥感技术在自然资源确权登记领域更好地发挥作用。

自然资源监管视域下的国土空间规划管理探析:基于空间开发权配置的探讨

基于两级空间开发权理论,分析面向统一国土空间用途管制的自然资源监管流程,探讨国土空间规划管理在自然资源监管中发挥的具体作用,并从空间开发权视角出发,辨析国土空间规划管理背后隐含的两级空间开发权“批发—零售”基本逻辑。在此基础上,提出完善自然资源监管视域下国土空间规划管理的建议,即强化“区域—要素”统筹,发挥主体功能区战略和制度作用,在规划实施中完善各级“区域”的一级空间开发权 “批发”配置机制;进一步探索完善分级分类的空间开发权交易制度,促进规划安排的自然资源开发保护责任落实和国土空间格局优化。

新时期基础测绘规划省市县联动协同编研刍议

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运用文献资料法等,剖析共同富裕视域下推动乡村自然资源向户外运动开放的价值、困境,并提出路径。价值:推动项目本身发展,提高乡村经济水平;激发绿水青山活力,促进生态环境保护;补齐全民健身短板,满足人民休闲需求。困境:政策环境体系有待强化,多元主体协调参与需健全,乡村生态保护易受忽视,开放质量水平亟待提高。路径:优化政策环境体系,夯实执行实施效果;建立协调互动机制,平衡多元主体利益;立足生态文明建设,完善生态督察体系;改善同质盲目问题,推动资源优质开放。