Impact of Crosswind on Steady-State and Dynamic Performance of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower Group:A Numerical Analysis

This study investigates the performance of a natural draft dry cooling tower group in crosswind conditions through numerical analysis.A comprehensive three-dimensional model is developed to analyze the steady-state and dynamic behavior of the towers.The impact of wind speed and direction on heat rejection capacity and flow patterns is examined.Results indicate that crosswinds negatively affect the overall heat transfer capacity,with higher crosswind speeds leading to decreased heat transfer.Notably,wind direction plays a significant role,particularly at 0°.Moreover,tower response time increases with higher crosswind speeds due to increased turbulence and the formation of vortices.The response times are generally similar for wind directions of 45°and 90°,but differ when facing 0,where the leeward tower exhibits a shorter response time compared to the windward tower.These findings provide valuable insights into the performance of natural draft dry cooling tower groups under crosswind conditions,which can inform the design and operation of similar systems in practical applications.

Role natural killer group 2D-ligand interactions in hepatitis B infection

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is the leading causeof liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）worldwide, in spite of prophylactic vaccination andantiviral treatment modalities. The immunopathogenesisof HBV infection has been intensively studied and ispropelled by complex interactions between the virus andthe host immune system. Natural killer group 2D （NKG2D）is a well-characterized activating receptor, expressed onnatural killer （NK） cells, NK T cells and CD8＋ cytotoxic Tcells. This receptor is present in both humans and miceand binds to a diverge family of ligands that resemble theMHC-class Ⅰ molecules. Increasing evidence shows thatNKG2D-ligand interactions are critical in the establishmentof HBV persistence and the development of liver injuryand HCC. The expression of NKG2D ligands dependson the presence of several polymorphisms and is alsomodulated post-transcriptionally by HBV. While it isknown that HBV circumvents host’s innate immunityvia the NKG2D pathway but the exact mechanismsinvolved are still elusive. This letter discusses previousaccomplishments on the role of NKG2D ligand regulationin the development of chronic HBV, liver injury and HCC.Key words： Hepatitis B virus; Natural killer group 2Dreceptor; Natural killer cells; MHC class I polypeptiderelatedchain A; Hepatocellular carcinoma

Why natural killer cells in triple negative breast cancer?

The triple-negative subtype of breast cancer(TNBC)has the bleakest prognosis,owing to its lack of either hormone receptor as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.Henceforth,immunotherapy has emerged as the front-runner for TNBC treatment,which avoids potentially damaging chemotherapeutics.However,despite its documented association with aggressive side effects and developed resistance,immune checkpoint blockade continues to dominate the TNBC immunotherapy scene.These immune checkpoint blockade drawbacks necessitate the exploration of other immunotherapeutic methods that would expand options for TNBC patients.One such method is the exploitation and recruitment of natural killer cells,which by harnessing the innate rather than adaptive immune system could potentially circumvent the downsides of immune checkpoint blockade.In this review,the authors will elucidate the advantageousness of natural killer cell-based immuno-oncology in TNBC as well as demonstrate the need to more extensively research such therapies in the future.

Natural orbitals renormalization group approach to a Kondo singlet

A magnetic impurity embedded in a Fermi sea is collectively screened by a cloud of conduction electrons to form a Kondo singlet below a characteristic energy scale TK,the Kondo temperature,through the mechanism of the Kondo effect.We have reinvestigated the Kondo singlet by means of the newly developed natural orbitals renormalization group(NORG)method.We find that,in the framework of natural orbitals formalism,the Kondo screening mechanism becomes transparent and simple,while the intrinsic structure of a Kondo singlet is clearly resolved.For a single impurity Kondo system in whichever case of either finite size or thermodynamic limit,there exists a single active natural orbital that screens the magnetic impurity dominantly.In the perspective of entanglement,the magnetic impurity is entangled dominantly with the active natural orbital,i.e.,the subsystem formed by the active natural orbital and the magnetic impurity basically disentangles from the remaining system.We have also studied the structures of the active natural orbital respectively projected into real space and momentum space.Moreover,the dynamical properties,represented by one-particle Green’s functions defined at the active natural orbital,are obtained by the correction vector method.Meanwhile,the well-known Kondo resonance is clearly observed in the spectral function at the active natural orbital.To realize the thermodynamic limit,the Wilson chains with the numerical renormalization group approach are employed.

2006年Kidney International改由Nature Publishing Group出版

2004年2月16日国际肾脏病学会[InternationalSocietyofNephrology(ISN)]与自然出版集团(NaturePublishingGroup)签订了一分10年协议,自2006年1月起,国际肾脏病学会官方刊物KidneyInternational(KI)由NaturePublishingGroup出版。从2006年1月刊期起,美国哥伦比亚大学Dr.QaisAl-Awqati将接替Dr.SauloKlahr的工作。Dr.QaisAl-Awqati及其编辑部同事将负责KidneyInternational的编辑工作,现时正计划一些变动,以进一步确保学术质量和扩大影响。一些新的内容包括:(1)自然实用临床肾脏病学(NatureClinicalPracticeNephrology):临床评论性杂志,ISN认可的官方出版物,由科罗拉多大学医学院(UniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine)Dr.RobertWSchrier编辑,将在2005年11月出版发行。(2)教育网页:为肾科医师提供服务,内容包括ISN和专题消息、RSS材料、文献搜索、经典论文、评述和职业资讯。2005年年中运行。