Quantifying the natural growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma:A real-world retrospective study in southwestern China

BACKGROUND In recent years,approximately half of the newly diagnosed cases and mortalities attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been reported in China.Despite the high incidence of HCC,there remains a paucity of data regarding the natural growth pattern and the determination of optimal surveillance intervals specific to the Chinese population.AIM To quantify the natural tumor growth pattern of HCC in regional China.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients from a single institution in Southwest China who had undergone two or more serial dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans between 2014 and 2020,without having received any anti-cancer therapy.Tumor growth was assessed using tumor volume doubling time(TVDT)and tumor growth rate(TGR),with volumes measured manually by experienced radiologists.Simple univariate linear regression and descriptive analysis were applied to explore associations between growth rates and clinical factors.RESULTS This study identifies the median TVDT for HCC as 163.4 d,interquartile range(IQR)72.1 to 302.3 d,with a daily TGR of 0.42%(IQR 0.206%-0.97%).HCC growth patterns reveal that about one-third of tumors grow indolently with TVDT exceeding 270 d,another one-third of tumors exhibit rapid growth with TVDT under 90 d,and the remaining tumors show intermediate growth rates,with TVDT ranging between 3 to 9 months.CONCLUSION The identified TGRs support biannual surveillance and follow-up for HCC patients in certain regions of China.Given the observed heterogeneity in HCC growth,further investigation is warranted.

OPTIMAL INTERIOR PARTIAL REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS UNDER THE NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION:THE METHOD OF A-HARMONIC APPROXIMATION

In this article, the authors consider the nonlinear elliptic systems under the natural growth condition. They use a new method introduced by Duzaar and Grotowski, for proving partial regularity for weak solutions, based on a generalization of the technique of harmonic approximation. And directly establish the optimal Holder exponent for the derivative of a weak solution.

REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH DINI COEFFICIENTS UNDER NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION FOR THE CASE:1

In this article,we consider interior regularity for weak solutions to nonlinear elliptic systems of divergence type with Dini continuous coefficients under natural growth condition for the case 1〈m〈 2.All estimates in the case of m≥2 is no longer suitable,and we can’t obtain the Caccioppoli’s second inequality by using these techniques developed in the case of m≥2.But the Caccioppoli’s second inequality is the key to use A-harmonic approximation method.Thus,we adopt another technique introduced by Acerbi and Fcsco to overcome the difficulty and we also overcome those difficulties due to Dini condition.And then we apply the A-harmonic approximation method to prove partial regularity of weak solutions.

EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH NATURAL GROWTH TERMS AND L^1 DATA

We study a class of nonlinear parabolic equations of the type：δb（u）/δt-div（a（x,t,u）△u）＋y（u）｜△u｜^2=f,where the right hand side belongs to L^1（Q）, b is a strictly increasing C^1-function and -div（a（x, t, u）△u） is a Leray-Lions operator. The function g is just assumed to be continuous on R and to satisfy a sign condition. Without any additional growth assumption on u, we prove the existence of a renormalized solution.

The Disputes over "Normal Development" and "Natural Growth" of Farmers' Cooperatives——On the Basis of Empirical Analysis on Farmers' Cooperatives in Deyang City

Combining the disputes on the "normal development" and "natural growth" existing in farmers' cooperatives and according to the actual investigation statistics, the management model selection and regulation (including model selection, policy encouragement, operation scale and scale selection ) of farmers'cooperatives in Deyang City, share structure and governance structure( including the establishment way and share structure, reserve sharing and dividend distribution, organization structure and policy-making mechanism), capital raising situation and financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Deyang City are analyzed empirically. It is pointed out the farmers' cooperatives should take the road "normal development".

ON THE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH STRONGLY EIGEN-EXPONENT UNDER NATURAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

Let Ω be a bounded domain with smooth boundary Ω in R~n. We consider the following eigenvalue problem for systems of elliptic equations under the natural growth conditions

EXISTENCE OF NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EIGENVALUE PROBLEM ON R^n WITH NATURAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

In this paper, we get the existence result of the nontrivial weak solution (λ, u) of the following eigenvalue problem with natural growth conditions.

The Method of A-Harmonic Approximation and Boundary Regularity for Nonlinear Elliptic Systems under the Natural Growth Condition

We consider the questions of boundary regularity for weak solutions of second-order nonlinear elliptic systems under the natural growth condition. We obtain a general criterion for a weak solution to be regular in the neighborhood of a given boundary point. The proof yields directly the optimal regularity for the solution in this neighborhood. This result is new for the situation under the natural growth conditions.

Counteraction of Nogo-A and axonal growth inhibitors by green tea polyphenols and other natural products

Neuronal injuries such as stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury are leading causes of major disability and death.Chronic therapy for these neuronal injuries requires the promotion of axonal regeneration from the remaining neurons（Schwab and Strittmatter,2014）.

Rapid Dendrite Growth in Solidification of Highly Undercooled Alloys

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and transportation kinetics near the propagating solid-liquid interface dominates the rapid solidification process,which is far from a thermodynamically stable state.Rapid solidification process can be described more precisely using quantitative thermodynamic calculation of phase diagram with nonlinear liquidus and solidus and evaluating the nonequilibrium effect in diffusion kinetics.Based on these basic principles,we used a current nonequilibrium dendrite growth model to describe rapid solidification process of deeply undercooled alloys.Evolution of the key fundamental solidification parameters was also evaluated.

Fractal Nature of Crack Growth under Different Temperature

We have studied numerically a simple crack growth model in a two-dimensional triangular lattice of bonds and nodes which incorporates the surface of a growing crack bond-breaking probability P-i similar to exp{(-V-i+E(i))phi(T)}, where E(i) is elastic energy stored in the i-th bond. Different energy temperature factors phi(T) are employed during crack formation and propagation process with a uniform dilation strain case and a shear case and with periodic boundary condition in the horizontal direction. Our results show that the patterns of the cracks generated are fractal structure and the effective fractal dimensionalities decrease with the increase of the temperature factor phi(T)(the absolute temperature T decreasing). In the paper we also discuss the relation between the effective fractal dimension D-eff (the radius R(g) of gyration) and the fractal dimensions D (the radius R of circular), and also give their modification values Omega about two kinds of methods in the lattice model.

OPTIMAL INTERIOR PARTIAL REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH DINI CONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS

In this article, we consider nonlinear elliptic systems of divergence type with Dini continuous coefficients. The authors use a new method introduced by Duzaar and Grotowski, to prove partial regularity for weak solutions, based on a generalization of the technique of harmonic approximation and directly establish the optimal HSlder exponent for the derivative of a weak solution on its regular set.

C^(1,α)-PARTIAL REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS

We prove C1.α-partial regularity of weak solutions of nonlinear elliptic systems under the main assumption that Aia and Bi satisfy the controllable growth condition or the natural growth condition.

THE HOLDER CONTINUITY OF GENERALIZED SOLUTIONS OF A CLASS QUASILINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS

Let A and B satisfy the structural conditions (2), the local Holder continuity interior to Q = G X (0, T) is proved for the generalized solutions of quasilinear parabolic equations as follows: u(t) - divA(x, t, u, del u) + B(x, t, U, del u) = 0.

泪然联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对青光眼滤过术后干眼症的疗效分析

目的：分析泪然联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对青光眼滤过术后干眼症的疗效。方法：将我院2014年4月至2015年8月收治的64例青光眼滤过术后干眼症患者作为研究对象，随机（随机数字表法）分为治疗组（n=32）与对照组（n=32）。给予对照组患者双眼滴注重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液，每次1~2滴，每日4次；治疗组在此基础上加滴泪然滴眼液，每次1~2滴，每日4次。比较两组患者治疗前后临床疗效、症状及体征评分情况，干眼相关辅助检查结果、治疗前后各时间点角膜中央知觉情况以及用药安全性。结果：治疗后，观察组患者的总有效率（96.88%）明显高于对照组患者（71.88%），数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者的感觉性症状和眼表体征评分均有所改善，且观察组患者治疗后的感觉性症状评分（1.08±0.97）和眼表体征评分（0.96±0.35）均明显低于对照组患者（2.77±1.08）、（2.15±0.66），差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者的泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌时间和角膜荧光染色评分均有明显改善，且观察组患者的相关评分（8.21±1.56）、（6.77±2.79）、（0.45±0.74）分均明显优于对照组患者（7.85±1.65）、（6.36±2.76）、（0.99±0.88），其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗后3个月和6个月后，患者角膜知觉逐渐恢复，且治疗组患者恢复情况显著优于对照组，数据差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：泪然联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗青光眼过滤术后干眼症的效果显著，不仅可以有效改善患者临床症状，也能改善患者的泪液分泌功能，还能有效改善患者角膜知觉，无不良反应，安全性较高。

Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Thin Films with Various Thicknesses by AFM

Ag nanoparticles (NPs) thin films with various thicknesses were prepared by thermal evaporation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study the surface morphology, growth nature and optical properties of the films. The results indicate that the growth rates of Ag particles in lateral and vertical direction are variable, and the dominant growth rate of Ag particles in lateral direction will convert into dominant growth rate in vertical direction as films grow thicker. The mean value and distribution of Ag NPs height related with the location and width of SPR (surface plasmonresonance) peak. Higher mean height shifts SPR peak to longer wavelengths, and smaller deviation results in narrower width of SPR peaks.

China＇s Growth Slowdown： Lessons from Japan＇s Experience and the Expected Impact on Japan, the USA and Germany

China is switching from economic growth based on extremely rapid capital accumulation to economic growth based on structural reforms and accelerated total factor productivity growth. Meanwhile, China will also face a serious excess saving problem as capital accumulation slows and, hence, needs to reduce its private saving rate. Based on this analysis, we estimated the economic impact of China＇s growth slowdown and hypothetical economic transformation on Japan, the USA and Germany using the worm input-output database. We compared the following three scenarios for China＇s final demand in 2020 and economic growth from 2015 to 2020： （i） an optimistic scenario （GDP growth rate = 6.2%, investment/GDP = 0.501）; （ii） a slowdown scenario （GDP growth rate = 4%, investment/GDP = 0.501）; and （iii） a structural reform scenario （GDP growth rate = 6.2%, investment/GDP = 0.3）. Our analysis suggests that Japan and Germany would suffer more from structural reforms in China than from a slowdown in growth. Meanwhile, for the USA, the employment decline triggered by structural reforms wouM be much smaller than the employment decline caused by a slowdown in growth.

Spatial pattern and its evolution of Chinese provincial population： Methods and empirical study

China has been experiencing an unprecedented urbanization process. In 2011, China＇s urban population reached 691 million with an urbanization rate of 51.27%. Urbaniza- tion level is expected to increase to 70% in China in 2030, reflecting the projection that nearly 300 million people would migrate from rural areas to urban areas over this period. At the same time, the total fertility rate of China＇s population is declining due to the combined effect of economic growth, environmental carrying capacity, and modern social consciousness. The Chinese government has loosened its ＂one-child policy＂ gradually by allowing childbearing couples to have the second child as long as either of them is from a one-child family. In such rapidly developing country, the natural growth and spatial migration will consistently reshape spatial pattern of population. An accurate prediction of the future spatial pattern of population and its evolution trend are critical to key policy-making processes and spatial planning in China including urbanization, land use development, ecological conservation and environ- mental protection. In this paper, a top-down method is developed to project the spatial dis- tribution of China＇s future population with considerations of both natural population growth at provincial level and the provincial migration from 2010 to 2050. Building on this, the spatial pattern and evolution trend of Chinese provincial population are analyzed. The results sug- gested that the overall spatial pattern of Chinese population will be unlikely changed in next four decades, with the east area having the highest population density and followed by central area, northeast and west area. Four provinces in the east, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Jiangsu, will remain the top in terms of population density in China, and Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet will continue to have the lowest density of population. We introduced an index system to classify the Chinese provinces into three categories in terms of provincial population densities Fast Changing Populated Region （FCPR）, Low Changing Populated Region （LCPR） and Inactive Populated Region （IPR）. In the FCPR, China＇s population is projected to continue to concentrate in net immigration leading type （NILT） area where receives nearly 99% of new accumulated floating population. Population densities of Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang will peak in 2030, while the population density in Guangdong will keep increasing until 2035. Net emigration leading type （NELT） area will account for 75% of emigration population, including Henan, Anhui, Chongqing and Hubei. Natural growth will play a dominant role in natural growth leading type area, such as Liaoning and Shandong, because there will be few emi- gration population. Due to the large amount of moving-out labors and gradually declining fertility rates, population density of the LCPR region exhibits a downward trend, except for Fujian and Hainan. The majority of the western provinces will be likely to remain relatively low population density, with an average value of no more than 100 persons per km^2.