Global energy structure is experiencing the third transition from fossil energy to non-fossil energy,to solve future energy problems,cope with climate change,and achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050.Hydrogen is ...Global energy structure is experiencing the third transition from fossil energy to non-fossil energy,to solve future energy problems,cope with climate change,and achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050.Hydrogen is considered to be the most potential clean energy in this century under the background of carbon neutrality.At present,the industrial methods for producing hydrogen are mainly by steam-hydrocarbon(such as coal and natural gas)reforming and by electrolysis of water,while the exploration and development of natural hydrogen had just started.According to this literature review:(1)Natural hydrogen can be divided into three categories,including free hydrogen,hydrogen in inclusions and dissolved hydrogen;(2)natural hydrogen could be mainly from abiotic origins such as by deep-seated hydrogen generation,water-rock reaction or water radiolysis;(3)natural hydrogen is widely distributed and presents great potential,and the potential natural hydrogen sources excluding deep source of hydrogen is about(254±91)×10^(9) m^(3)/a according to a latest estimate;(4)at present,natural hydrogen has been mined in Mali,and the exploration and development of natural hydrogen has also been carried out in Australia,Brazil,the United States and some European countries,to find many favorable areas and test some technical methods for natural hydrogen exploration.Natural hydrogen is expected to be an important part of hydrogen energy production in the future energy pattern.Based on a thorough literature review,this study introduced the origin,classification,and global discovery of natural hydrogen,as well as summarized the current global status and discussed the possibility of natural hydrogen exploration and development,aiming to provide reference for the future natural hydrogen exploration and development.展开更多
In recent years,natural hydrogen has been discovered in various geological environments both domestically and internationally,which has sparked a global interest among geologists and led to a surge in the exploration ...In recent years,natural hydrogen has been discovered in various geological environments both domestically and internationally,which has sparked a global interest among geologists and led to a surge in the exploration of hydrogen gas(Klein et al.,2019;Prinzhofer et al.,2019;Moretti and Webber,2021;Scott,2021;Bezruchko,2022).However,there is a lack of research on the occurrence state of natural hydrogen gas,which hinders a deeper understanding of its behavior in underground storage and migration.展开更多
Semi-empirical method PM3 was used to study the geometry and vibrational spectrum of N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene)-l-pyrenamine (NPY) with the intermediate hydrogen bond. Results are comparable to experimentation...Semi-empirical method PM3 was used to study the geometry and vibrational spectrum of N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene)-l-pyrenamine (NPY) with the intermediate hydrogen bond. Results are comparable to experimentations. Based on results of both NPY and its model, N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene)aniline, it was found that the N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene) group is principally responsible for the special hydrogen bonding through conjugation effect.展开更多
Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necess...Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge.The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy transportation.This scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied.The effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be assessed.The aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is presented.Guidelines for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.展开更多
The title compound, neogeodin hydrate （C17H14C1208, CAS： 94540-50-8）, was derived from marine fungus Aspergilhts terreus CRIM301. It was unequivocally characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-r...The title compound, neogeodin hydrate （C17H14C1208, CAS： 94540-50-8）, was derived from marine fungus Aspergilhts terreus CRIM301. It was unequivocally characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography and tested for various biological activities. Neogeodin hydrate crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 8.1159（5） A, b = 8.2472（4） A, c= 14.1278（7） A, a = 81.448（2）°, β = 84.860（2）°, γ= 70.400（2）°, V = 880.13（8） A3; Z = 2. It comprises a diphenyl ether, asterric acid skeleton and dichloro substituents. The methoxyphenoxy rings of the inversely related molecules form a ribbon-like structure that is stabilized by O-H...O hydrogen bonds through the doubly disordered carboxyl groups and by C-H...O interactions, generating the same R22（8） ring motif. The chlorinated methylbenzoate rings, making mostly a right angle, link the parallel upper and lower ribbons via bifurcated O-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds, yielding endless channels. The channels formed are further sustained by C-H...O and π...π interactions Neogeodin hydrate exhibits inhibition against superoxide anion radical formation in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase （XXO） assay, but has no aromatase inhibitory activity.展开更多
Desulfurization of natural gas is achieved commercially by absorption with liquid amine solutions. Adsorption technology could potentially replace the solvent extraction process, particularly for the emerging shale ga...Desulfurization of natural gas is achieved commercially by absorption with liquid amine solutions. Adsorption technology could potentially replace the solvent extraction process, particularly for the emerging shale gas wells with production rates that are generally lower than that from the large conventional reservoirs, if a superior adsorbent （sorbent） is developed. In this review, we focus our discussion on three types of sorbents： metal- oxide based sorbents, Cu/Ag-based and other commercial sorbents, and amine-grafted silicas. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are analyzed. Possible approaches for future developments to further improve these sorbents are suggested, particularly for the most promising amine-grafted silicas.展开更多
基金funded by the projects initiated by the China Geological Survey(DD20221794 and DD20190414).
文摘Global energy structure is experiencing the third transition from fossil energy to non-fossil energy,to solve future energy problems,cope with climate change,and achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050.Hydrogen is considered to be the most potential clean energy in this century under the background of carbon neutrality.At present,the industrial methods for producing hydrogen are mainly by steam-hydrocarbon(such as coal and natural gas)reforming and by electrolysis of water,while the exploration and development of natural hydrogen had just started.According to this literature review:(1)Natural hydrogen can be divided into three categories,including free hydrogen,hydrogen in inclusions and dissolved hydrogen;(2)natural hydrogen could be mainly from abiotic origins such as by deep-seated hydrogen generation,water-rock reaction or water radiolysis;(3)natural hydrogen is widely distributed and presents great potential,and the potential natural hydrogen sources excluding deep source of hydrogen is about(254±91)×10^(9) m^(3)/a according to a latest estimate;(4)at present,natural hydrogen has been mined in Mali,and the exploration and development of natural hydrogen has also been carried out in Australia,Brazil,the United States and some European countries,to find many favorable areas and test some technical methods for natural hydrogen exploration.Natural hydrogen is expected to be an important part of hydrogen energy production in the future energy pattern.Based on a thorough literature review,this study introduced the origin,classification,and global discovery of natural hydrogen,as well as summarized the current global status and discussed the possibility of natural hydrogen exploration and development,aiming to provide reference for the future natural hydrogen exploration and development.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0708504)the National Science Foundation of China (42090025)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Researcher Funding Program (GZB20240009)the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Foundation for the year 2023
文摘In recent years,natural hydrogen has been discovered in various geological environments both domestically and internationally,which has sparked a global interest among geologists and led to a surge in the exploration of hydrogen gas(Klein et al.,2019;Prinzhofer et al.,2019;Moretti and Webber,2021;Scott,2021;Bezruchko,2022).However,there is a lack of research on the occurrence state of natural hydrogen gas,which hinders a deeper understanding of its behavior in underground storage and migration.
文摘Extracts of 16 natural medicine powders {Galla chinensis,Malloti cortex,Cassiae semen,Sophorae radix,Myricae cortex,Crataegi fructus,Gambit,Mume fructus,Geranii herba,Phellodendri cortex,Coptidis rhizoma,Swertiae herba,and Cinnamomi cortex） were assayed for reactive oxygen concentrations using the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent detection system.High luminescence intensity was observed in Galla chinensis,Geranii herba,Malloti cortex,Myricae cortex,and Cinnamomi cortex.Additional experiments identified the reactive oxygen species as hydrogen peroxide.Galla chinensis generated 2.4 × 10^（-4） mol/L hydrogen peroxide from a 1 mg/mL solution.In bacterial growth tests,Galla chinensis extract had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.Staphylococcus aureus,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,Campylobacter sputorum biovar sputorum.Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus,Lactobacillus casei,and Bifidobacterium longum infantis.This antibacterial activity was decreased by the addition of catalase.It revealed that hydrogen peroxide which Galla chinensis produced participated in antibacterial activity.
文摘Semi-empirical method PM3 was used to study the geometry and vibrational spectrum of N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene)-l-pyrenamine (NPY) with the intermediate hydrogen bond. Results are comparable to experimentations. Based on results of both NPY and its model, N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene)aniline, it was found that the N-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl-methylene) group is principally responsible for the special hydrogen bonding through conjugation effect.
文摘Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge.The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy transportation.This scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied.The effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be assessed.The aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is presented.Guidelines for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.
基金supported by the grant of Rangsit University to SJthe Chulalongkorn University Centenary Academic Development Project(CU56-FW10)+2 种基金National Research University Project(FW657B)to TAthe Thailand Research Fund(No.DBG5180014)the Center for Environmental Health,Toxicology and Management of Chemicals to PK
文摘The title compound, neogeodin hydrate （C17H14C1208, CAS： 94540-50-8）, was derived from marine fungus Aspergilhts terreus CRIM301. It was unequivocally characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography and tested for various biological activities. Neogeodin hydrate crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 8.1159（5） A, b = 8.2472（4） A, c= 14.1278（7） A, a = 81.448（2）°, β = 84.860（2）°, γ= 70.400（2）°, V = 880.13（8） A3; Z = 2. It comprises a diphenyl ether, asterric acid skeleton and dichloro substituents. The methoxyphenoxy rings of the inversely related molecules form a ribbon-like structure that is stabilized by O-H...O hydrogen bonds through the doubly disordered carboxyl groups and by C-H...O interactions, generating the same R22（8） ring motif. The chlorinated methylbenzoate rings, making mostly a right angle, link the parallel upper and lower ribbons via bifurcated O-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds, yielding endless channels. The channels formed are further sustained by C-H...O and π...π interactions Neogeodin hydrate exhibits inhibition against superoxide anion radical formation in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase （XXO） assay, but has no aromatase inhibitory activity.
文摘Desulfurization of natural gas is achieved commercially by absorption with liquid amine solutions. Adsorption technology could potentially replace the solvent extraction process, particularly for the emerging shale gas wells with production rates that are generally lower than that from the large conventional reservoirs, if a superior adsorbent （sorbent） is developed. In this review, we focus our discussion on three types of sorbents： metal- oxide based sorbents, Cu/Ag-based and other commercial sorbents, and amine-grafted silicas. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are analyzed. Possible approaches for future developments to further improve these sorbents are suggested, particularly for the most promising amine-grafted silicas.
