Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.

A Song for Women: Return of Human Spiritual Ecology——Rereading The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter is one of the great works by Nathaniel Hawthorne, who is considered as one of the greatest American novelists in 19th century. This paper concentrates on the patriarchal oppression of women and nature and analyses the interconnection between women and nature, exposing the crisis of natural and human spiritual ecology in order to search for the return of human nature.

Harmonization and Unification: Ecological View of Nature in Wordworth's Poem——Taking “Nutting” for Example

William Wordsworth,as the representative poet of the romanticism,plays an important role in the history of the EnglishLiterature and is considered an ecological poet.He pursues the harmonious and unified relationship with man and nature,and con-tributes to the development process of the social.Taking the poem"Nutting"for example,Wordsworth’s ecological view of natureand its reasons,and the realistic significance of his view on nature to the modern world,especially under the background of the ad-vocacy of the community of destiny of human beings,will be explicated and analyzed.

Will Hunting Wildlife Harm the Ecological Balance of Nature?

The Expert Committee of Wild Animal Hunting,an organization under the State Forestry Administration of China,recently approved a group of foreign hunters’applications to shoot wildlife in China. The news has gained much attention across the country. The application was submitted by two domestic travel agencies on behalf of seven foreign hunters,who plan to shoot nine blue sheep and seven Tibetan gazelles in an international hunting ground in west China’s Qinghai Province. Despite the expert committee’s approval,however,the hunters still can’t fire a shot in China until they get an official license from the State Forestry Administration.According to recent news,the administration has declined the application. In China,blue sheep and Tibetan gazelles are ranked as Class 2

The Interpretation of Lawrence’s Poetry from the Perspective of Ecocriticism Theory

Based on ecocriticism theory,this paper is to conduct a comprehensive discussion of Lawrence’s poetry from three aspects:natural ecology,social ecology and spiritual ecology,to explore the profound ecological philosophical implications contained in Lawrence’s poetry,and to expand the breadth and depth of the ecocriticism interpretation of Lowe’s poetry research.

Ecological Economic Analysis of the Ecological Turn in the Development of Modern Civilization

During the primitive civilization and agricultural civilization periods,the functions and structures of various elements within the ecological and economic system were able to develop synergistically.But humans were always passive in the face of nature and cannot yet break free from its constraints and oppression.During the period of industrial civilization,the contradiction between the unlimited expansion of economic system demand and the relative reduction of ecosystem supply became increasingly severe.Its development model had obvious non ecological economic characteristics,which posed a great threat to the sustainable development of human society.The ecological turn in the development of human civilization is an inevitable trend,and the gradual replacement of industrial civilization by ecological civilization will become an objective fact.Ecological civilization has overcome the non ecological economic nature of industrial civilization and established an ecological economic operation mode that promotes and transforms economic and ecological systems in both directions.It has achieved a perfect combination of ecological operation of social and economic systems and economic operation of natural ecosystems,and harmonious,coordinated,and win-win development of economic society and natural ecology.

Analysis on the Production Advantages of USA Pima Extra Long Staple Cotton

This paper defines the following advantages of ELS （Extra Long Staple） also known as Pima cotton planted in the United States： first, the only variety which is concentrated in the planting area with good soil moisture and fertilizer retention performances and abundant light and heat resources; second; advanced and practi- cal material equipment and technology; third; high yield and good quality, significant planting scale benefit; fourth, feasible and reliable modernized intensive farm man- agement mode with large-scale agricultural machinery operation; fifth, high-efficient social services and policy support system, as well as reasonable planting layout, good brand influence, synchronization of high yield and good quality with large-scale benefits. Although the production capability of Pima cotton in the United States is considered to be the largest and most powerful country in the world, compared with the ELS production in China, both have their own advantages and characteristics. Therefore, it is suggested that by using the ELS production experience ol the Unit- ed Stages for reference, China should make use of the modern breeding technJques to accelerate the modification of synthetic genetic features of ELS variety, try its best to breed the ELS variety which is suitable for mechanical plucking as soon as possible, actively develop new technology to simplify the whole cost saving cultiva- tion, reform ELS production organization, vigorously develop the social service sys- tem, and adjust and optimize the ELS industry support policies, so as to fundamen- tally improve the competitiveness of China＇s ELS in international market.

Evaluation of Natural Ecological Environment in Guangzhou City Based on Remote Sensing Technology and Comprehensive Index Method

Based on the ETM remote sensing images of Guangzhou City in 2014, the spatial distribution results o f three environmental factors including vegetation coverage(NDVI), soil index(vegetation index of bare soil) and sl ope were obtained. By using comprehensive index method, the normalized environmental factors were weighted and superimposed, and the fi nal evaluation results of ecological environment in Guangzhou City were obtained. The results showed that overall situation of natural ecological environment in Guangzhou was not optimistic, that is, the area of land with bad, moderate, good and superior environment accounted for 59.70%, 35.79%, 4.50% and around 0.01% of total area of land in Guangzhou City respectively. Ecological environment was generally poor in the central urban districts in the south of Guangzhou City, while it was relatively better in the north and northeast. Attaching importance to the constr uction of greenbelts and greenways is an effective way to improve regional environmental quality and natural ecological e nvironment level.

Considerations on Compiling the Part on Nature and Ecology Protection of China's Environmental Code

The legal protection of nature has progressed from a separated to integrated protection of resources and environment.Looking at nature from a dialectical and unified perspective,sustainable development requires such integrated protection of the ecosystem for public sharing of natural wealth,convergence of governance of environment and resources,and promotion of ecosystem-based integrated management of environment and resources.China's Nature and Ecology Protection Law is gradually moving towards comprehensive governance for protection of the overall ecosystem.We must work harder to make such a comprehensive governance possible.Thus,China's environmental code(Code)must be moderately developed,including choosing the right title,the scope of work,the objectives and the compiling mode,and establishing a multi-level and diverse integrated system,and addressing five major relationships.

Three Gorges Project:a project for ecological improvement and environmental protection in Yangtze River Basin

Seeking water and earning their livelihoods is the natural selection of human beings.Like other rivers on the earth,the Yangtze River is the birthplace of human civilization and survival.As an ecosystem,the Yangtze River Basin is evolving under the influences of natural factors and human activities.Because of soil erosion,pollution and human activities,the imbalance of secondary environment is exacerbated and the ecological environment has become more vulnerable,so it is urgent to mitigate and prevent the ecological crisis.The practice has proved that implementation of engineering measures is an effective way to improve the ecological environment.The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has a flood control storage capacity of 22.15 billion m 3,effectively storing the flood water upstream of Yichang,and protects 15 million people and 1.5 million hm 2 farmland.Furthermore,the project can prevent or slow down the sedimentation and shrinkage of the lakes in the middle Yangtze River such as Dongting Lake;with an average annual power generation of about 90 billion kW· h,it can significantly reduce the emissions of harmful gas like CO 2.In general,the construction of TGP is conducive to the ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Basin and China,even the world.

A landscape persistence-based methodological framework for assessing ecological stability

Ecological stability is a critical factor in global sustainable development,yet its significance has been overlooked.Here we introduce a landscape-oriented framework to evaluate ecological stability in the Qingzang Plateau(QP).Our findings reveal a medium-high stability level in the QP,with minimal changes over recent years.The driving factors vary across landscape types,with climate and anthropogenic factors emerging as crucial determinants.While anthropogenic factors are strong but unstable due to policy changes and economic development,climatic factors exert a consistent influence.Based on our results,we propose site-specific ecological conservation and restoration measures.The ecological stability assessment framework provides a practical tool to understand the link between environmental conditions and ecosystems.

Diversity of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings during the process of natural ecological restoration

Biological nitrogen fixing is an important source of nitrogen input in the natural ecological restoration of mine wastelands. The diversity of nifH genes in railings samples under different plant communities in Yangshanchong and Tongguanshan wastelands in Tongling, was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） approach. The nitrogen-fixing microorganism community in the upper layer of tailings of Tongguanshan wasteland discarded in 1980 showed higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index than that in Yangshanchong wasteland discarded in 1991. The diversity of nifH genes in Yangshanchong wasteland of copper mine tailings did not display a consistent successional tendency with development of plant communities during the process of natural ecological restoration. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 sequences of nifH gene fragments retrieved from the DGGE gels indicated that there were mainly two taxa of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria living in the wastelands investigated, most of which were unique and uncultured. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） based on the relationship between band patterns of DGGE profile and physico-chemical properties of railings samples showed that the diversity of nifH genes in different tailing samples was mainly affected by loss of ignition, water content, pH and available Zn contents of wastelands. The dominant plant species and development period of plant communities by ameliorating pH, reducing the toxicity of heavy metals, increasing organic matter and water content affected the diversity and structure of the free-living nitrogenfixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings.

Adopting novel ecosystems as suitable rehabilitation alternatives for former mine sites

The nature and extent of environmental disturbance associated with mining commonly entails completely new and challenging combinations of climate,lithology and landform.Consequently,the outcomes of ecological processes associated with the recovery or restoration of ecosystems cannot be predicted reliably from previously known associations between their physical and biological components.For radically disturbed sites,we propose that it is not practicable to aim for the restoration of historical ecosystems.However,hybrid(reversibly different)or novel(irreversibly different)ecosystems comprising new combinations of physical and biological components,including both native and non-native species,could provide levels of stability and functionality acceptable to all stakeholders and within feasible management regimes.We propose that limiting physical conditions of the landscape can be identified and managed,and that alternative species combinations for introduction to these new landscapes may be considered with cautious optimism.